{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T20:18:21Z","timestamp":1793045901355,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22107012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22107012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003819","name":"Hubei Province Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023AFB969"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023AFB969"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003819","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T15:17:03Z","timestamp":1756826223000},"page":"126899","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A carboxylesterase-activated \u201cdual-locked\u201d fluorescent probe for high-specificity imaging of hepatic tumors"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"347","author":[{"given":"Qiaolin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen-Yu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Tao","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi-Yu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32740","article-title":"The liver cancer immune microenvironment: therapeutic implications for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"77","author":"Donne","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA-Cancer J. Clin."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-024-02101-z","article-title":"Biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic options in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"23","author":"Chan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"issue":"10360","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01200-4","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"400","author":"Vogel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.09.017","article-title":"CT and MRI improve detection of hepatocellular carcinoma, compared with ultrasound alone, in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"9","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. H."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2214","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14223","article-title":"Biology and significance of alpha-fetoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"39","author":"Galle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00689-9","article-title":"Glypican-3: a novel serum and histochemical marker for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"125","author":"Capurro","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.05.028","article-title":"GP73, a resident Golgi glycoprotein, is a novel serum marker for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"43","author":"Marrero","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-022-00620-y","article-title":"Circulating biomarkers in the diagnosis and management of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"19","author":"Johnson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastro. Hepat."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.22900","article-title":"The current knowledge concerning solid cancer and therapy","volume":"35","author":"Najafi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2020.213582","article-title":"Recent progresses in fluorescent probes for detection of polarity","volume":"427","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2023.215020","article-title":"Coumarin-based near-infrared fluorogenic probes: recent advances, challenges and future perspectives","volume":"480","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1039\/D1CS00543J","article-title":"Activatable fluorescent probes for in situ imaging of enzymes","volume":"51","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trechm.2019.03.002","article-title":"Recent progress in small-molecule near-IR probes for bioimaging","volume":"1","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Chem."},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17268","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202009796","article-title":"Activity-based NIR enzyme fluorescent probes for the diagnosis of tumors and image-guided surgery","volume":"60","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Edit."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7106","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.3c00776","article-title":"Fluorescent probes for disease diagnosis","volume":"124","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2022.131828","article-title":"De novo design of an ultrasensitive fluorogenic probe for aminopeptidase N sensing in living system","volume":"363","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sens. Actuat. B-Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dyepig.2023.111606","article-title":"Rapid tumor detection via a fibroblast activation protein-alpha activated fluorogenic probe","volume":"219","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dyes Pigments"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4412","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CC00297F","article-title":"Visualization of carboxylesterase 2 with a near-infrared two-photon fluorescent probe and potential evaluation of its anticancer drug effects in an orthotopic colon carcinoma mice model","volume":"56","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10724","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.4c01721","article-title":"In situ visualizing carboxylesterase activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus using an activatable endoplasmic reticulum targetable proximity labeling far-red fluorescent probe","volume":"96","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1038\/s41570-021-00277-2","article-title":"Dual-locked spectroscopic probes for sensing and therapy","volume":"5","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Chem."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/asia.202401647","article-title":"Recent advances in enzyme-activated dual-locked probes for biological applications","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Asian J."},{"issue":"74","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11017","DOI":"10.1039\/D3CC03492E","article-title":"Recent progress in the development of small-molecule double-locked logic gate fluorescence probes","volume":"59","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8471","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.5c00020","article-title":"Carboxylesterase-triggered theranostic agent: advancing near-infrared imaging and therapeutic efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"68","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1039\/D3TB02759G","article-title":"Carboxylesterase-activated near-infrared fluorescence probe for highly sensitive imaging of liver tumors","volume":"12","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3989","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200900105","article-title":"Human plasma carboxylesterase 1, a novel serologic biomarker candidate for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"9","author":"Na","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9205","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.0c01554","article-title":"An activity-based fluorogenic probe enables cellular and in vivo profiling of carboxylesterase isozymes","volume":"92","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202406332","article-title":"Dual-locked fluorescent probes activated by aminopeptidase N and the tumor redox environment for high-precision imaging of tumor boundaries","volume":"63","author":"Shen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Edit."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3835","DOI":"10.1007\/s11426-024-2493-2","article-title":"AND-logic-gate measurement of bisulfite and viscosity using a dual-lock-and-key fluorescent probe","volume":"68","author":"Liang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. China Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2022.121375","article-title":"A novel \u201cdual-locked\u201d fluorescent probe for ONOO(\u2212) and viscosity enables serum-based rapid disease screening","volume":"278","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta A"},{"issue":"50","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18619","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.3c04676","article-title":"Carbon monoxide: a second biomarker to couple with viscosity for the construction of \u201cdual-locked\u201d near-infrared fluorescent probes for accurately diagnosing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"95","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2024.343558","article-title":"Lysosome-targeted dual-locked NIR fluorescent probe for visualization of H(2)S and viscosity in drug-induced liver injury and tumor models","volume":"1337","author":"Qin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2021.122719","article-title":"A dual lock-and-key two photon fluorescence probe in response to hydrogen peroxide and viscosity: application in cellular imaging and inflammation therapy","volume":"235","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2024.125395","article-title":"Dual-locked NIR fluorescent probe for detection of GSH and lipid droplets and its bioimaging application in cancer model","volume":"327","author":"Qin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta A"},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899_bb0175","article-title":"A dicyanoisophorone-based highly sensitive and selective near-infrared fluorescent probe for sensing thiophenol in water samples and living cells","volume":"265","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2023.135097","article-title":"High-contrast tumor imaging via a de novo designed aminopeptidase N targeted fluorogenic probe","volume":"401","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sens. Actuat. B-Chem."},{"issue":"73","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10021","DOI":"10.1039\/D4CC03582H","article-title":"Glutathione and viscosity double-locked response fluorescent probe for imaging and surgical navigation of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"60","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."}],"container-title":["Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1386142525012065?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1386142525012065?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T20:10:18Z","timestamp":1763064618000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1386142525012065"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S1386142525012065"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899","relation":{},"ISSN":["1386-1425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1386-1425","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A carboxylesterase-activated \u201cdual-locked\u201d fluorescent probe for high-specificity imaging of hepatic tumors","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.saa.2025.126899","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"126899"}}