{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T06:58:26Z","timestamp":1785481106547,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NZ2025032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NZ2025032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62105147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62105147"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62375127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62375127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017527","name":"Jiangsu Cancer Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017527","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004193","name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["90YAT23027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["90YAT23027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004193","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013058","name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024ZB-380486"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZB-380486"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013058","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013058","name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BE2023812"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BE2023812"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013058","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T15:45:28Z","timestamp":1775231128000},"page":"127855","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Raman spectral unmixing of breast cancer tissues via continuous wavelet transform and TransUnet"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"358","author":[{"given":"Linwei","family":"Shang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingxi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyang","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huijie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1366\/14-07592","article-title":"Raman spectroscopy of soft musculoskeletal tissues","volume":"68","author":"Esmonde-White","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Spectrosc."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1002\/jrs.5389","article-title":"Biochemical fingerprint of colorectal cancer cell lines using label-free live single-cell raman spectroscopy","volume":"49","author":"Gala de Pablo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Raman Spectrosc."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1039\/C5AN01323B","article-title":"Diagnosis of early-stage esophageal cancer by raman spectroscopy and chemometric techniques","volume":"141","author":"Ishigaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-021-01659-5","article-title":"Raman spectroscopy: current applications in breast cancer diagnosis, challenges and future prospects","volume":"126","author":"Hanna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CS00850F","article-title":"Developing fibre optic raman probes for applications in clinical spectroscopy","volume":"45","author":"Stevens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202100354","article-title":"In vivo raman spectroscopy for bladder cancer detection using a superficial raman probe compared to a nonsuperficial raman probe","volume":"15","author":"Stomp-Agenant","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Biophotonics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2021.119732","article-title":"Classifying breast cancer tissue by raman spectroscopy with one-dimensional convolutional neural network","volume":"256","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aci.2018.08.006","article-title":"Independent component analysis: an introduction","volume":"17","author":"Tharwat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Comput. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.12.001","article-title":"Imaging data analysis using non-negative matrix factorization","volume":"179","author":"Aonishi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1039\/D4AY02238F","article-title":"Chemical profiling of surviving cancer cells using ToF-SIMS and MCR analysis discriminates cell components","volume":"17","author":"Manaprasertsak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2005.844293","article-title":"Vertex component analysis: a fast algorithm to unmix hyperspectral data","volume":"43","author":"Nascimento","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"issue":"4\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1007\/s00214-011-0957-1","article-title":"Spectral unmixing and clustering algorithms for assessment of single cells by raman microscopic imaging","volume":"130","author":"Hedegaard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Theor. Chem. Accounts"},{"issue":"45","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2407439121","article-title":"Hyperspectral unmixing for raman spectroscopy via physics-constrained autoencoders","volume":"121","author":"Georgiev","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"52","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20354","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.4c02720","article-title":"Unmixing autoencoder for image reconstruction from hyperspectral data","volume":"96","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16795","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.555722","article-title":"Raman spectral unmixing via multimodal time-frequency transformations and deep learning","volume":"33","author":"Shang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1109\/TR.2022.3180273","article-title":"Intelligent diagnosis using continuous wavelet transform and gauss convolutional deep belief network","volume":"72","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Reliab."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3539","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-21-1042","article-title":"Pix2Pix generative adversarial network for low dose myocardial perfusion SPECT denoising","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Quant. Imaging Med. Surg."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12123064","article-title":"Review of semantic segmentation of medical images using modified architectures of UNET","volume":"12","author":"Krithika alias AnbuDevi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1039\/D3AY00045A","article-title":"AUNet: a deep learning method for spectral information classification to identify inks","volume":"15","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103280","article-title":"TransUNet: rethinking the U-net architecture design for medical image segmentation through the lens of transformers","volume":"97","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Image Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855_bb0105","article-title":"Analysis of Swin-UNet vision transformer for inferior vena cava filter segmentation from CT scans","volume":"4","author":"Gomes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Artif. Intel. Life Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.6026\/9732063002001663","article-title":"Identification and quantification of lipid accumulation in adipose tissue using oil red o and Sudan stains","volume":"20","author":"Shrivastava","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioinformation"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1366\/000370207782597003","article-title":"Automated autofluorescence background subtraction algorithm for biomedical raman spectroscopy","volume":"61","author":"Zhao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Spectrosc."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25013","article-title":"Smoothness of in vivo spectral baseline determined by mean-square error","volume":"72","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.1c01966","article-title":"Automated hyperspectral 2D\/3D raman analysis using the learner-predictor strategy: machine learning-based inline raman data analytics","volume":"94","author":"Baliyan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1177\/0003702819888949","article-title":"Single-step preprocessing of raman spectra using convolutional neural networks","volume":"74","author":"Wahl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Spectrosc."},{"issue":"03","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.28.3.036009","article-title":"In situ raman spectroscopy and machine learning unveil biomolecular alterations in invasive breast cancer","volume":"28","author":"David","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1258436","article-title":"Application of serum raman spectroscopy combined with classification model for rapid breast cancer screening","volume":"13","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000002201","article-title":"Label-free discrimination analysis of breast cancer tumor and adjacent tissues of patients after neoadjuvant treatment using raman spectroscopy: a diagnostic study","volume":"111","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3305","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13203305","article-title":"Chemical composition and crystallization behavior of oil and fat blends for spreadable fat applications","volume":"13","author":"Gerlei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1533033818782532","article-title":"Breast tumor analysis using shifted-excitation raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS)","volume":"17","author":"Gebrekidan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Technol. Cancer Res. Treat."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81296-3","article-title":"Evaluation of aromatic amino acids as potential biomarkers in breast cancer by raman spectroscopy analysis","volume":"11","author":"Contorno","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17629","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.4c01591","article-title":"A novel HER2 protein identification methodology in breast cancer cells using raman spectroscopy and raman imaging: an analytical validation study","volume":"67","author":"Abramczyk","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.5937\/33ah-54443","article-title":"Raman specroscopy as appropriate tool for chemical discrimination of wild hemp oil seed samples","volume":"33","author":"Pe\u0107inar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Herbol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855_bb0175","first-page":"1","article-title":"Noise learning of instruments for high-contrast, high-resolution and fast hyperspectral microscopy and nanoscopy","volume":"15","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."}],"container-title":["Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1386142526004269?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1386142526004269?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T06:08:17Z","timestamp":1785478097000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1386142526004269"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S1386142526004269"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855","relation":{},"ISSN":["1386-1425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1386-1425","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Raman spectral unmixing of breast cancer tissues via continuous wavelet transform and TransUnet","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127855","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"127855"}}