{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T20:00:24Z","timestamp":1790625624501,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007446","name":"King Khalid University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGP2\/105\/47"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP2\/105\/47"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007446","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T23:27:02Z","timestamp":1789169222000},"page":"128775","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Machine learning-assisted optimization of a BK7\/Ag\/As\u2082S\u2083\/graphene surface plasmon resonance biosensor for high-sensitivity urine glucose detection"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"365","author":[{"given":"U.","family":"Arun Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Alavudeen Basha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hashim","family":"Elshafie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azath","family":"Mubarakali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Parthasarathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngaira","family":"Mandela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2_suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2015.0417","article-title":"Continuous glucose monitoring: a review of successes, challenges, and opportunities","volume":"18","author":"Rodbard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol. Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0010","first-page":"19","article-title":"Development of smart insulin delivery systems for improving diabetes management in public health","volume":"9","author":"Kelvin-Agwu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1002\/jac5.2078","article-title":"Impact of continuous glucose monitoring in underserved adults with type 2 diabetes within the United States: a scoping review","volume":"8","author":"Ndungu","year":"2025","journal-title":"JACCP J. Am. Coll. Clin. Pharm."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1177\/19322968231178017","article-title":"An observational crossover study of people using real-time continuous glucose monitors versus self-monitoring of blood glucose: real-world evidence using electronic medical record data from more than 12,000 people with type 1 diabetes","volume":"19","author":"Noor","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elecom.2025.107894","article-title":"Non-invasive wearable electrochemical sensors for continuous glucose monitoring","volume":"173","author":"Ameen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Electrochem. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1177\/19322968231200901","article-title":"Minimum sampling duration for continuous glucose monitoring metrics to achieve representative glycemic outcomes in suboptimal continuous glucose monitor use","volume":"19","author":"Akturk","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/17434440.2023.2170783","article-title":"Minimally invasive capillary blood sampling methods","volume":"20","author":"Hoffman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Med. Devices"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2022.01.010","article-title":"Comparison of capillary and venous blood sampling for routine coagulation assays","volume":"104","author":"Fliervoet","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112214","article-title":"Electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection","volume":"159","author":"Cesewski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmrt.2021.03.048","article-title":"Nano biosensors: properties, applications and electrochemical techniques","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res. Technol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.3390\/bios11090336","article-title":"Recent advances in electrochemical biosensors: applications, challenges, and future scope","volume":"11","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2025.162956","article-title":"Highly sensitive non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for uric acid detection using copper oxide nanopebbles-modified glassy carbon electrode","volume":"697","author":"Gunasekaran","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4428","DOI":"10.1039\/D3TB00138E","article-title":"The revelation of glucose adsorption mechanisms on hierarchical metal\u2013organic frameworks using a surface plasmon resonance sensor","volume":"11","author":"Gumilar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1007\/s11082-023-05203-y","article-title":"Chitosan\/polyaniline\/graphene oxide-ferrocene thin film and highly-sensitive surface plasmon sensor for glucose detection","volume":"55","author":"Nasiri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Opt. Quant. Electron."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1007\/s12596-024-02078-4","article-title":"Analysis and simulation of surface plasmon resonance in tantalum pentoxide and gold layers on a prism","volume":"55","author":"Kafi","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Opt."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0080","first-page":"2305","article-title":"Design and development of high sensitive surface plasmon resonance biosensors for glucose detection","volume":"20","author":"Rahman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plasmonics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-025-06983-8","article-title":"Ultra-sensitive early detection of colorectal cancer using surface plasmon resonance sensor: theoretical analysis","volume":"192","author":"Karki","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s11082-021-03480-z","article-title":"Zinc sulfide, silicon dioxide, and black phosphorus based ultra-sensitive surface plasmon biosensor","volume":"54","author":"Karki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Opt. Quant. Electron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diamond.2022.109633","article-title":"Numerical analysis of a surface plasmon resonance based biosensor using molybdenum disulfide, molybdenum trioxide, and MXene for the diagnosis of diabetes","volume":"132","author":"Ghodrati","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diamond Relat. Mater."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4737","DOI":"10.1007\/s11468-024-02627-4","article-title":"Enhanced performance of BK7-Ag-WS\u2082-Ni-graphene surface plasmon resonance sensor for glucose detection in urine","volume":"20","author":"Albelbeisi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plasmonics"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28012","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2025.3577376","article-title":"Numerical analysis of a high-sensitivity graphene-based SPR biosensor with a split elliptical metamaterial resonator for hemoglobin detection","volume":"25","author":"Ghodrati","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Sensors J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0110","article-title":"Multilayer Ag\/AlPO4\/graphene\/WS2\/MoS2\/black phosphorus surface plasmon resonance biosensor for highly sensitive COVID-19 antigen and amino acid detection with machine learning-assisted performance validation","volume":"31","author":"Nagarajan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mater. Today Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s43939-026-00839-5","article-title":"An ultra-sensitive SPR biosensor based on a BK7\/ZnO\/Ag\/PDA\/graphene multilayer for IgG detection","author":"Sricharan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Discov. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0120","first-page":"560","article-title":"Proposing of SPR biosensor based on 2D Ti3C2T x MXene for uric acid detection \u0131mmobilized by uricase enzyme","volume":"22","author":"Ghodrati","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Comput. Electron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0125","article-title":"Evolution of photonic crystal fiber based smart sensors with emphasis on biomedical applications: a review","author":"Shakya","year":"2026","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.3390\/mi17010068","article-title":"Theoretical investigation of early cancer biomarker sensing using a PMMA\u2013gold hybrid quasi-D-shaped photonic-crystal-fiber-based surface plasmon resonance biosensor","volume":"17","author":"Ramola","year":"2025","journal-title":"Micromachines"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s10825-025-02475-3","article-title":"Design of photonic crystal fiber-based plasmonic sensor for diabetes detection","volume":"25","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Comput. Electron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0140","article-title":"Next-generation photonic-crystal-fiber-based plasmonic sensor for heavy metal detection via spectroscopy and refractive index integration","volume":"13639","author":"Ramola","year":"2025","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.70332","article-title":"Hexagonal hollow-core photonic crystal fiber for high-sensitivity terahertz glucose detection","volume":"19","author":"Abdullah-Al-Shafi","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Biophotonics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0150","article-title":"MAPbBr3-2D material based on ultrahigh efficiency urine glucose detection SPR sensor","volume":"347","author":"Senthilkumar","year":"2026","journal-title":"Optik"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2023.113682","article-title":"Refractive index sensing using MXene mediated surface plasmon resonance sensor in visible to near infrared regime","volume":"224","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optmat.2021.111355","article-title":"On the sensing performance enhancement in SPR-based biosensor using specific two-dimensional materials (Borophene and Antimonene)","volume":"119","author":"Verma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Opt. Mater."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s12633-016-9455-3","article-title":"Comparative study of a surface plasmon resonance biosensor based on metamaterial and graphene","volume":"9","author":"Verma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Silicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0170","series-title":"In Surface Plasmons on Smooth and Rough Surfaces and on Gratings","first-page":"91","article-title":"Surface plasmons on gratings","author":"Raether","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0175","series-title":"Plasmonics: Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"1","author":"Maier","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0180","series-title":"Optical Waves in Layered Media","author":"Yeh","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0185","series-title":"Principles of Optics: Electromagnetic Theory of Propagation, Interference and Diffraction of Light","author":"Born","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0190","series-title":"Optical Properties of Thin Solid Films","author":"Heavens","year":"1991"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4370","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.6.4370","article-title":"Optical constants of the noble metals","volume":"6","author":"Johnson","year":"1972","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3073717","article-title":"Optical constants of graphene layers in the visible range","volume":"94","author":"Bruna","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.112.176802","article-title":"Semiconducting layered blue phosphorus: a computational study","volume":"112","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.1007\/s11468-023-01945-3","article-title":"Improved surface plasmon effect in Ag-based SPR biosensor with graphene and WS2: an approach towards low cost urine-glucose detection","volume":"18","author":"Yadav","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plasmonics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s11468-024-02278-5","article-title":"Terahertz optical ultrasensitive glucose detection using graphene and silver surface plasmon resonance metasurfaces for biomedical applications","volume":"20","author":"Wekalao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plasmonics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0220","series-title":"Principles of Nano-Optics","author":"Novotny","year":"2012"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2891452","article-title":"Dyadic Green's functions and guided surface waves for a surface conductivity model of graphene","volume":"103","author":"Hanson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0230","article-title":"Optical properties of graphene","volume":"129","author":"Falkovsky","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Phys. Conf. Ser."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6110","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16186110","article-title":"Four-layer surface plasmon resonance structures with amorphous As2S3 chalcogenide films: a review","volume":"16","author":"Popescu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2024.115452","article-title":"Optimization of graphene-based biosensor design for haemoglobin detection using the gradient boosting algorithm for behaviour prediction","volume":"239","author":"Wekalao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.169485","article-title":"Machine learning-enhanced high-sensitivity hemoglobin detection using a Kretschmann-based SPR biosensor with optimized copper and silver layers","volume":"524","author":"Sampath Anbazhagan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spmi.2020.106591","article-title":"Effect of silicon on sensitivity of SPR biosensor using hybrid nanostructure of black phosphorus and MXene","volume":"145","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Superlattice. Microst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hussein A. Elsayed, et al., Optimized SPR response in Au\u2013SrTiO\u2083\u20132D heterostructures for precision non-enzymatic glucose monitoring with machine learning for behaviour prediction, Microchem. J. 220 (2025) 116505.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2025.116505"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1142\/S0217984926501071","article-title":"Sensitivity-enhanced ag-perovskite-HfSe2 multilayer SPR sensor for high-performance refractive index sensing applications","author":"Arun Kumar","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mod. Phys. Lett. B"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/s25072068","article-title":"Black phosphorous-based surface plasmon resonance biosensor for malaria diagnosis","volume":"25","author":"Tene","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0270","article-title":"Design and optimization of a hybrid SPR biosensor for highly sensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen","volume":"10","author":"Juwel","year":"2026","journal-title":"Next Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0275","article-title":"Multilayer Ag\u2013Au\u2013BP\u2013TIBr\u2013FASnI3 Kretschmann surface plasmon resonance biosensor for high sensitivity refractive index analysis: a computational and machine learning approach","volume":"1384","author":"Singh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ayman A. Althuwayb, et al., Enhanced plasmonic response in a WS\u2082\u2013graphene\u2013CNT-assisted Kretschmann SPR biosensor for highly sensitive urine glucose quantification in clinical diagnostics, Microchem. J. 221 (2026) 117030.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2026.117030"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0285","article-title":"Advanced surface plasmon resonance biosensor for glucose detection using ZnSe\/WS2\/graphene\/BaTiO3 multilayer architecture: electromagnetic modeling and machine learning performance optimization","volume":"220","author":"Elsayed","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/2102915","article-title":"Black phosphorous and cytop nanofilm-based long-range SPR sensor with enhanced quality factor","volume":"2023","author":"Karki","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Sens."}],"container-title":["Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1386142526013466?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1386142526013466?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T19:25:33Z","timestamp":1790623533000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1386142526013466"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["S1386142526013466"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775","relation":{},"ISSN":["1386-1425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1386-1425","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Machine learning-assisted optimization of a BK7\/Ag\/As\u2082S\u2083\/graphene surface plasmon resonance biosensor for high-sensitivity urine glucose detection","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128775","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"128775"}}