{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T09:38:26Z","timestamp":1792834706471,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T23:13:38Z","timestamp":1792538018000},"page":"128916","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"P2","title":["Intelligent identification technology of zidovudine and its isomers based on active low-frequency terahertz excitation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"367","author":[{"given":"Chaoyue","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Senhao","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanxin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingkai","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunwu","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongzhou","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junjian","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueye","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120500101690","article-title":"Families living with HIV","volume":"17","author":"Rotheram-Borus","year":"2005","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0010","series-title":"Global HIV & AIDS statistics \u2013 Fact sheet [EB\/OL]","author":"Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0015","article-title":"30 years of HIV therapy: current and future antiviral drug targets","volume":"603","author":"Nuwagaba","year":"2024","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199346030-00010","article-title":"Zidovudine: an update of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy","volume":"46","author":"Wilde","year":"1993","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"03","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1055\/s-1991-26434","article-title":"An efficient synthesis of 3\u2032-azido-3\u2032-deoxythymidine (AZT)","volume":"1991","author":"Czernecki","year":"1991","journal-title":"Synthesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127882","article-title":"Mechanism of terahertz low-frequency vibrational spectral absorption in zidovudine and its derivatives under active excitation","volume":"359","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.672182","article-title":"Metabolic aspects of adenosine functions in the brain","volume":"12","author":"Garcia-Gil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1977.tb21937.x","article-title":"Effect of a novel adenosine deaminase inhibitor (co-vidarabine, co-V) upon the antiviral activity in vitro and in vivo of vidarabine (Vira-Atm) for DNA virus replication","volume":"284","author":"Sloan","year":"1977","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2023.464367","article-title":"Recent advances in chiral liquid chromatography stationary phases for pharmaceutical analysis","volume":"1708","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-013-1495-x","article-title":"Drosera peltata Smith var. lunata (Buch.-Ham.) CB Clarke as a feasible source of plumbagin: phytochemical analysis and antifungal activity assay","volume":"30","author":"Tian","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2025.113941","article-title":"Biocontrol potential of Bacillus velezensis ATC-AL against Ceratocystis fimbriata and its application in sweetpotato postharvest preservation","volume":"231","author":"Geng","year":"2026","journal-title":"Postharvest Biol. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2022.116907","article-title":"Isomer analysis by mass spectrometry in clinical science","volume":"159","author":"Furuhashi","year":"2023","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.03.025","article-title":"Identification of closely related new psychoactive substances (NPS) using solid deposition gas-chromatography infra-red detection (GC\u2013IRD) spectroscopy","volume":"299","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0070","series-title":"Characterization of Pharmaceutical Solids Combining NMR, X-ray diffraction and Computer Modelling","author":"Sardo","year":"2017"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0075","first-page":"1379","article-title":"Research progress of terahertz spectroscopy technique in food adulteration detection","volume":"41","author":"Zhong-xiong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Spectrosc. Spectr. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1219042","article-title":"Progress in application of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy for pharmaceutical analyses","volume":"11","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0085","article-title":"Frequency selective fingerprint sensor: the terahertz unity platform for broadband chiral enantiomers multiplexed signals and narrowband molecular AIT enhancement","volume":"4","author":"Lyu","year":"2023","journal-title":"PhotoniX"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2021.116272","article-title":"Advances in terahertz time-domain spectroscopy of pharmaceutical solids: a review","volume":"139","author":"Bawuah","year":"2021","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2025.181910","article-title":"Terahertz metasurfaces covered Weyl semimetal nanofilms for nondestructive detection of antibiotics","volume":"1036","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140008","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3116980","article-title":"Qualitative and quantitative analysis of caffeine in medicines by terahertz spectroscopy using machine learning method","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22238","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c04376","article-title":"Polarization-induced multimode terahertz metamaterial for high-sensitivity and label-free drug monitoring","volume":"97","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18686\/fnc.v1i2.26","article-title":"High-sensitivity pesticide detection on mango skins by terahertz spectroscopy with graphene oxide sensors","volume":"1","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Nutrition Chem."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7282","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.0c00915","article-title":"Mass-spectrometry-based identification of synthetic drug isomers using infrared ion spectroscopy","volume":"92","author":"Kranenburg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2021.119611","article-title":"Terahertz, infrared and Raman absorption spectra of tyrosine enantiomers and racemic compound","volume":"254","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2018.06.091","article-title":"Experimental and theoretical investigations of tartaric acid isomers by terahertz spectroscopy and density functional theory","volume":"205","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0130","article-title":"Intelligent recognition of chiral alanine isomers using active terahertz low-frequency excitation","volume":"1357","author":"Pang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Mol. StructJ. Mol. Struct"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0272428","article-title":"Unlocking terahertz technology with machine learning: a comprehensive review","volume":"137","author":"Cacciari","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-021-00637-x","article-title":"Feature dimensionality reduction: a review","volume":"8","author":"Jia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Complex Intell. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2021.100378","article-title":"Conceptual and empirical comparison of dimensionality reduction algorithms (PCA, KPCA, LDA, MDS, SVD, LLE, ISOMAP, LE, ICA, t-SNE)","volume":"40","author":"Anowar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2025.120621","article-title":"High-precision identification transgenic sugarcane using active terahertz low-frequency excitation","volume":"226","author":"Tu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ind. Crop. Prod."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2004.1261097","article-title":"Two-dimensional PCA: a new approach to appearance-based face representation and recognition","volume":"26","author":"Yang","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2025.137795","article-title":"Battery retirement state prediction method based on real-world data and the TabNet model","volume":"334","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Energy"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/math12243935","article-title":"Exploring kernel machines and support vector machines: principles, techniques, and future directions","volume":"12","author":"Du","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mathematics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0170","first-page":"1","article-title":"Learning k for knn classification","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol. (TIST)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0175","article-title":"Intelligent sensing of congou black tea fermentation process based on active terahertz low-frequency excitation","volume":"258","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201306438","article-title":"The Cambridge structural database in retrospect and prospect","volume":"53","author":"Groom","year":"2014","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"issue":"29","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7146","DOI":"10.1021\/jp020579i","article-title":"Terahertz spectroscopy","volume":"106","author":"Beard","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/s11340-012-9639-8","article-title":"Digital image correlation with self-adaptive Gaussian windows","volume":"53","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Mech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0195","first-page":"15","article-title":"Stochastic neighbor embedding","author":"Hinton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inf. Proces. Syst."},{"issue":"5500","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5500.2319","article-title":"A global geometric framework for nonlinear dimensionality reduction","volume":"290","author":"Tenenbaum","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2020.107812","article-title":"Visualization of vibrational spectroscopy for agro-food samples using t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding","volume":"126","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2012.12.048","article-title":"The one-against-all partition based binary tree support vector machine algorithms for multi-class classification","volume":"113","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916_bb0215","article-title":"Improved KNN algorithm based on preprocessing of center in smart cities","volume":"2021","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Complexity"}],"container-title":["Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1386142526014873?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1386142526014873?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T08:57:13Z","timestamp":1792832233000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1386142526014873"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S1386142526014873"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916","relation":{},"ISSN":["1386-1425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1386-1425","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Intelligent identification technology of zidovudine and its isomers based on active low-frequency terahertz excitation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128916","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"128916"}}