{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T21:53:48Z","timestamp":1791582828784,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62373339"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62373339"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62275238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62275238"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21973082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21973082"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T07:08:51Z","timestamp":1791356931000},"page":"128941","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"P1","title":["Electric-dipole resonance in a graphene-coated double-D terahertz metamaterial sensor for trace-level glucose detection"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"367","author":[{"given":"Haoyu","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianjun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su-an","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiadan","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3390\/bios14010003","article-title":"Terahertz metamaterials for biosensing applications: a review","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4509","DOI":"10.1080\/10589759.2025.2452366","article-title":"Progress in terahertz nondestructive testing of thermal barrier coatings: a review","volume":"40","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nondestruct. Test. Eval."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep13566","article-title":"Real-time terahertz digital holography with a quantum cascade laser","volume":"5","author":"Locatelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11082-021-03024-5","article-title":"A novel multi-band biomedical sensor for THz regime","volume":"53","author":"Veeraselvam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Opt. Quant. Electron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rinp.2021.104332","article-title":"A terahertz metamaterial sensor used for distinguishing glucose concentration","volume":"26","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Results Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.201000011","article-title":"Terahertz spectroscopy and imaging \u2013 modern techniques and applications","volume":"5","author":"Jepsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Laser Photonics Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0035","series-title":"Crystals","first-page":"74","article-title":"Terahertz Vibrations and Hydrogen-Bonded Networks in Crystals","author":"Takahashi","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37010","DOI":"10.1209\/0295-5075\/114\/37010","article-title":"Vibrational signatures in the THz spectrum of 1,3-DNB: a first-principles and experimental study","volume":"114","author":"Ahmed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Europhys. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0165307","article-title":"Theoretical modeling of the terahertz spectrum of l-tyrosine leads to experimental verification of previously unobserved vibrational mode","volume":"159","author":"Sanders","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1110\/ps.062073506","article-title":"Probing the collective vibrational dynamics of a protein in liquid water by terahertz absorption spectroscopy","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Bo, J. Fang, Z. Zhang, J. Xue, J. Liu, Z. Hong, Y. Du, Terahertz and Raman Spectroscopic Investigation of Monohydrate Cocrystal of Antitubercular Isoniazid with Protocatechuic Acid, in: Pharmaceutics, 2021, pp. 1303.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13081303"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1080\/05704928.2019.1670202","article-title":"Biomedical applications of terahertz technology","volume":"55","author":"Gong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Spectrosc. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTQE.2020.3038308","article-title":"Using antibody modified terahertz metamaterial biosensor to detect concentration of carcinoembryonic antigen","volume":"27","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127846","article-title":"A concentric square ring terahertz metamaterial sensor for highly sensitive detection of cytosine methylation","volume":"358","author":"Chao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rinp.2024.108090","article-title":"Specific detection of tartaric acid chiral isomers based on centrosymmetric terahertz metamaterial sensors","volume":"68","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Results Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2015.04.071","article-title":"Glucose: detection and analysis","volume":"188","author":"Galant","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e151","DOI":"10.2337\/dci23-0036","article-title":"Guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus","volume":"46","author":"Sacks","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2013.02.007","article-title":"Glucose homeostasis, obesity and diabetes","volume":"27","author":"Bano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S81","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-S081","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus","volume":"37","author":"A.D. Association","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4356","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-02763","article-title":"Continuous glucose monitoring profiles in healthy nondiabetic participants: a multicenter prospective study","volume":"104","author":"Shah","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.512","article-title":"Glucose control in diabetes","volume":"20","author":"Valeri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.2337\/dc26-S002","article-title":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes, 2. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes: standards of Care in Diabetes\u20142026","volume":"49","year":"2026","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1601314","article-title":"Wearable\/disposable sweat-based glucose monitoring device with multistage transdermal drug delivery module","volume":"3","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2011.0262","article-title":"Correlation between sweat glucose and blood glucose in subjects with diabetes","volume":"14","author":"Moyer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2025.137838","article-title":"Detection of aldehyde compounds in daily and industrial supplies by colourimetry and dark-field microscope imaging","volume":"439","author":"Long","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/bios12121136","article-title":"Progress of enzymatic and non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose biosensor based on nanomaterial-modified electrode","volume":"12","author":"Mohamad Nor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.128367","article-title":"Detection of galactooligosaccharides with high lactose interference in infant formula using a simple single epimer chromatography","volume":"342","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1102896","article-title":"Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films","volume":"306","author":"Novoselov","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5392","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07848-w","article-title":"Resonant terahertz detection using graphene plasmons","volume":"9","author":"Bandurin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3711","DOI":"10.1021\/nl301496r","article-title":"Terahertz and infrared spectroscopy of gated large-area graphene","volume":"12","author":"Ren","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4169","article-title":"Highly confined low-loss plasmons in graphene\u2013boron nitride heterostructures","volume":"14","author":"Woessner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16814","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2023.3289033","article-title":"Metamaterial flexible GaN\/graphene heterostructure-enabled multidimensional terahertz sensor for femtogram-level detection of aspartic acid","volume":"23","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Sensors J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.4c00168","article-title":"Metal\u2013graphene hybrid terahertz metasurfaces for circulating tumor DNA detection based on dual signal amplification","volume":"9","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0290728","article-title":"Effect of materials with different permittivity on the sensing depth of open-ended coaxial probes at different frequencies","volume":"96","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8712","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-93401-x","article-title":"Dielectric identification method and system design of coal gangue based on frequency shift characteristics","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0180","article-title":"The ultra-low power 3D graphene-based magnetic impedance sensor with the planar structure","volume":"36","author":"Zhao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0185","article-title":"High-Q multimodal guided-surface lattice resonances in index-discontinuous environments","volume":"17","author":"Huang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0190","article-title":"Space-time wavefront synchronized terahertz metasurface","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0195","article-title":"Highly programmable 4D printed multi-shape gradient metamaterials and multifunctional devices","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Extreme Manuf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.89.205112","article-title":"Toroidal dipolar excitation and macroscopic electromagnetic properties of metamaterials","volume":"89","author":"Savinov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2891452","article-title":"Dyadic Green\u2019s functions and guided surface waves for a surface conductivity model of graphene","volume":"103","author":"Hanson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Hu, B. Qi, Y. Zhao, X. Zhang, Y. Wang, X. Huang, A graphene-based THz metasurface sensor with air-spaced structure, Front. Phys., Volume 10\u20132022 (2022).","DOI":"10.3389\/fphy.2022.990126"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/mi14091802","article-title":"Design of a penta-band graphene-based terahertz metamaterial absorber with fine sensing performance","volume":"14","author":"Lai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Micromachines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23476","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.562765","article-title":"Liquid metal-based terahertz metamaterial sensors with integrated microfluidic channels for sensitive biosensing applications","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/photonics6010012","article-title":"A terahertz-microfluidic chip with a few arrays of asymmetric meta-atoms for the ultra-trace sensing of solutions","volume":"6","author":"Serita","year":"2019","journal-title":"Photonics"}],"container-title":["Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S138614252601512X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S138614252601512X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T21:10:37Z","timestamp":1791580237000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S138614252601512X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S138614252601512X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941","relation":{},"ISSN":["1386-1425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1386-1425","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Electric-dipole resonance in a graphene-coated double-D terahertz metamaterial sensor for trace-level glucose detection","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.saa.2026.128941","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"128941"}}