{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T17:47:44Z","timestamp":1781027264603,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,1]],"date-time":"2005-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1109635200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,1]],"date-time":"2005-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1109635200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,31]],"date-time":"2005-05-31T08:14:05Z","timestamp":1117527245000},"page":"21-39","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["An inquiry into medication meanings, illness, medication use, and the transformative potential of chronic illness among African Americans with hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Hema","family":"Viswanathan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce L.","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deaths: final data for 2002","volume":"53","author":"Kochanek","year":"2004","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-138-1-200301070-00006","article-title":"Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure as predictors of risk for congestive heart failure in the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"138","author":"Haider","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.19.2126","article-title":"The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension among US adults according to the new Joint National Committee guidelines: new challenges of the old problem","volume":"164","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3310\/hta2110","article-title":"Detection, adherence and control of hypertension for the prevention of stroke: a systematic review. Adherence with treatment for hypertension","volume":"2","author":"Ebrahim","year":"1998","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1992.tb03837.x","article-title":"Impact of an electronic medication aid on long-term blood pressure control","volume":"32","author":"McKenney","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib6","first-page":"201","article-title":"Factors associated with noncompliance of patients taking antihypertensive medications","volume":"30","author":"Shaw","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hosp Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib7","series-title":"Healthy People 2010","author":"US Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib8","series-title":"Good Days, Bad Days: The Self in Chronic Illness and Time","author":"Charmaz","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib9","first-page":"1","article-title":"The experience of illness: recent and new directions","volume":"Vol 6","author":"Conrad","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib10","series-title":"Unending Work and Care: Managing Chronic Illness at Home","author":"Corbin","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib11","series-title":"Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity","author":"Goffman","year":"1963"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib12","series-title":"Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method","author":"Blumer","year":"1969"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib13","series-title":"Deviance and Medicalization: From Badness to Sickness","author":"Conrad","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib14","series-title":"Handbook of Social Studies in Health & Medicine","first-page":"277","article-title":"Experiencing chronic illness","author":"Charmaz","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib15","series-title":"Handbook of Social Studies in Health & Medicine","first-page":"230","article-title":"Personal experience of illness","author":"Kleinman","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib16","series-title":"The Sociology of Health and Illness: Critical Perspectives","first-page":"149","article-title":"The meaning of medications: another look at compliance","author":"Conrad","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(94)90400-6","article-title":"The conceptualization of meaning in illness","volume":"38","author":"Fife","year":"1994","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib18","series-title":"Speaking of Sadness","author":"Karp","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(92)90165-M","article-title":"From illness to symbol and symbol to illness","volume":"35","author":"Lieban","year":"1992","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib20","series-title":"The Doctor-patient Relationship in Pharmacotherapy","author":"Tasman","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1525\/maq.1999.13.1.51","article-title":"Fast relief: buying time with medications","volume":"13","author":"Vuckovic","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med Anthropol Q"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(88)90310-3","article-title":"The metaphorical nature of drugs and drug taking","volume":"26","author":"Montagne","year":"1988","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib23","first-page":"283","article-title":"Struggling for a self: identity levels of the chronically ill","volume":"Vol 6","author":"Charmaz","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.ep10491512","article-title":"Loss of self: a fundamental form of suffering in the chronically ill","volume":"5","author":"Charmaz","year":"1987","journal-title":"Sociol Health Illn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib25","first-page":"249","article-title":"Accompaniments of chronic illness: changes in body, self, biography, and biographical time","volume":"Vol 6","author":"Corbin","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib26","series-title":"Self, Social Identity, and Physical Health","first-page":"209","article-title":"From the \u201csick role\u201d to stories of self","author":"Charmaz","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib27","series-title":"Unending Work and Care: Managing Chronic Illness at Home","first-page":"49","article-title":"Experiencing body failure and a disrupted self image","author":"Corbin","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib28","series-title":"Self, Social Identity, and Physical Health","first-page":"185","article-title":"The impact of chronic illness on the self system","author":"Leventhal","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1097\/00012272-199706000-00003","article-title":"Responding to threats to integrity of self","volume":"19","author":"Morse","year":"1997","journal-title":"ANS Adv Nurs Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2001.01767.x","article-title":"Chronic illness\u2014a disruption in life: identity transformation among women with chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia","volume":"34","author":"Asbring","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(01)00238-6","article-title":"Encountering the downward phase: biographical work in people with multiple sclerosis living at home","volume":"55","author":"Boeije","year":"2002","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.ep11339939","article-title":"Chronic illness as biographical disruption","volume":"4","author":"Bury","year":"1982","journal-title":"Sociol Health Illn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib33","series-title":"Illness and Identity, Speaking of Sadness","author":"Karp","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.00191","article-title":"Chronic illness as biographical disruption or biographical disruption as chronic illness? Reflections on a core concept","volume":"22","author":"Williams","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sociol Health Illn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1053\/sarh.2000.9203","article-title":"Arthritis care: comparison of physicians' and patients' views","volume":"30","author":"Lambert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327027hc0901_3","article-title":"Provider-patient communication, patient-centered care, and the mangle of practice","volume":"9","author":"Lambert","year":"1997","journal-title":"Health Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2084","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/54.18.2084","article-title":"Patient counseling: a focus on maintenance therapy","volume":"54","author":"Lewis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(98)00209-3","article-title":"The meaning and management of neuroleptic medication: a study of patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia","volume":"47","author":"Rogers","year":"1998","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib39","series-title":"The Meanings of Medication, Speaking of Sadness","author":"Karp","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(96)00333-4","article-title":"Medication, chronic illness and identity: the perspectives of people with asthma","volume":"45","author":"Adams","year":"1997","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00249998","article-title":"The logic of noncompliance: management of epilepsy from the patient's point of view","volume":"7","author":"Trostle","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cult Med Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib42","series-title":"Basics of Qualitative Research. Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory","author":"Strauss","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib43","series-title":"Designing Qualitative Research","author":"Marshall","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib44","series-title":"Toward a Methodology of Naturalistic Inquiry in Educational Evaluation (Monograph 8)","author":"Guba","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib45","series-title":"Making Sense of Qualitative Data","author":"Coffey","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib46","series-title":"Qualitative Data Analysis an Expanded Sourcebook","author":"Miles","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-6175.2004.03563.x","article-title":"The disproportionate impact of hypertensive cardiovascular disease in African Americans: getting to the heart of the issue","volume":"6","author":"Jamerson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.17730\/humo.39.1.ln604545vgw68x32","article-title":"Judging rugs: patients' conceptions of therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of arthritis","volume":"39","author":"Arluke","year":"1980","journal-title":"Hum Organ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(95)00434-3","article-title":"The effects of health and treatment perceptions on the use of prescribed medication and home remedies among African American and White American hypertensives","volume":"43","author":"Brown","year":"1996","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(85)90308-9","article-title":"The meaning of medications: another look at compliance","volume":"20","author":"Conrad","year":"1985","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007_bib51","series-title":"Having Epilepsy: The Experience and Control of Illness","author":"Schneider","year":"1983"}],"container-title":["Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1551741104000087?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1551741104000087?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T09:03:08Z","timestamp":1761555788000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1551741104000087"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1551741104000087"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1551-7411"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1551-7411","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An inquiry into medication meanings, illness, medication use, and the transformative potential of chronic illness among African Americans with hypertension","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sapharm.2004.12.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}