{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T14:44:49Z","timestamp":1782139489969,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]],"date-time":"2022-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655596800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":322,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG049696"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG049696"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T12:09:04Z","timestamp":1605010144000},"page":"1469-1477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Racial\/ethnic disparities in measure calculations for Part D Star Ratings among Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes, hypertension, and\/or hyperlipidemia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Chi Chun","family":"Steve Tsang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jim Y.","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie A.","family":"Chisholm-Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Dagogo-Jack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William C.","family":"Cushman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa E.","family":"Hines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib1","author":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.173925","article-title":"Association between Medicare advantage plan star ratings and enrollment","volume":"309","author":"Reid","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2013.02.010","article-title":"Focus on Medicare's 5-Star plan ratings for prescription drug plans","volume":"34","author":"Lefkovitz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Geriatr Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib5","author":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib6","article-title":"Impact of Medicare Advantage prescription drug plan Star Ratings on enrollment before and after implementation of quality-related bonus payments in 2012","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib7","author":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib8","first-page":"779","article-title":"Impact of environmental factors on differences in quality of medication use: an insight for the Medicare Star Rating system","volume":"22","author":"Desai","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Manag Care Spec Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib9","first-page":"834","article-title":"Geographic variation in medication adherence in commercial and Medicare Part D populations","volume":"20","author":"Couto","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Manag Care Spec Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2013.0261","article-title":"Socioeconomic characteristics of enrollees appear to influence performance scores for Medicare Part D contractors","volume":"33","author":"Young","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health Aff"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib11","first-page":"1057","article-title":"Measuring pharmacy performance in the area of medication adherence: addressing the issue of risk adjustment","volume":"20","author":"Dharmarajan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Manag Care Spec Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib12","first-page":"e573","article-title":"Medicare Star excludes diabetes patients with poor CVD risk factor control","volume":"20","author":"Schmittdiel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib13","first-page":"787","article-title":"Is there a relationship between Part D medication adherence and Part C intermediate outcomes Star Ratings measures?","volume":"22","author":"Ta","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Manag Care Spec Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib14","author":"National Quality Forum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib15","author":"Egan"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib16","author":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib17","author":"Research Data Assistance Center"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib18","author":"Health Resources & Services Administration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib19","first-page":"1273","article-title":"The behavioral model for vulnerable populations: application to medical care use and outcomes for homeless people","volume":"34","author":"Gelberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib20","author":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib21","unstructured":"Pharmacy Quality Alliance. Technical Specifications for PQA-Endorsed Measures. Alexandria, vol. A)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000001216","article-title":"Validity of race and ethnicity codes in Medicare administrative data compared with gold-standard self-reported race collected during routine home health care visits","volume":"58","author":"Jarr\u00edn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0009.t01-1-00053","article-title":"Racial and ethnic differences in public and private medical care expenditures among aged Medicare beneficiaries","volume":"81","author":"Escarce","year":"2003","journal-title":"Milbank Q"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib24","author":"Congressional Budget Office"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2013.09.014","article-title":"Untangling the relationship between medication adherence and post-myocardial infarction outcomes","volume":"167","author":"Choudhry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000360","article-title":"Does good medication adherence really save payers money?","volume":"53","author":"Stuart","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2011.1198","article-title":"Greater adherence to diabetes drugs is linked to less hospital use and could save nearly $5 billion annually","volume":"31","author":"Jha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Health Aff"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1990.00390160093019","article-title":"The role of medication noncompliance and adverse drug reactions in hospitalizations of the elderly","volume":"150","author":"Col","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib29","author":"Task Force for Compliance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib30","author":"New England Healthcare Institute"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2005.00432.x","article-title":"Medicare beneficiaries and the impact of gaining prescription drug coverage on inpatient and physician spending","volume":"40","author":"Briesacher","year":"2005","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib32","series-title":"Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Quality of Health Care in America. Crossing The Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S28","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146510383498","article-title":"Social conditions as fundamental causes of health inequalities: theory, evidence, and policy implications","volume":"51","author":"Phelan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2017.0974","article-title":"Medicare Advantage Ratings and voluntary disenrollment among patients with end-stage renal disease","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Aff"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-007-0180-x","article-title":"Patients at-risk for cost-related medication nonadherence: a review of the literature","volume":"22","author":"Briesacher","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED.169.10.795","article-title":"National examination of compliance predictors and the immunization status of children: precursor to a developmental model for health systems","volume":"169","author":"Bundt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib38","first-page":"e379","article-title":"Medication adherence and measures of health plan quality","volume":"21","author":"Seabury","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e3182726ceb","article-title":"Use and spending on antineoplastic therapy for Medicare beneficiaries with cancer","volume":"51","author":"Davidoff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12210","article-title":"Pharmacotherapeutic management of dementia across settings of care","volume":"61","author":"Rattinger","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"}],"container-title":["Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1551741120311682?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1551741120311682?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T09:23:31Z","timestamp":1761557011000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1551741120311682"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1551741120311682"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1551-7411"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1551-7411","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Racial\/ethnic disparities in measure calculations for Part D Star Ratings among Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes, hypertension, and\/or hyperlipidemia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}