{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:24:07Z","timestamp":1790209447583,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]],"date-time":"2021-08-30T20:17:52Z","timestamp":1630354672000},"page":"3149-3157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["\u201cWithout my medication, I'm a wreck\u201d: Photo-elicitation to explore medication use among people experiencing homelessness"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3208-4021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Whitney","family":"Thurman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leticia R.","family":"Moczygemba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James O.","family":"Baffoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib3","series-title":"Committee on Health Care for Homeless People. Homelessness, Health, and Human Needs","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib4","series-title":"Premature Mortality in Homeless Populations: A Review of the Literature","first-page":"19","author":"O'Connell","year":"2005"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354916667501","article-title":"Homelessness, unsheltered status, and risk factors for mortality: findings from the 100 000 homes campaign","volume":"131","author":"Montgomery","year":"2016","journal-title":"Publ Health Rep"},{"issue":"9953","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61132-6","article-title":"The health of homeless people in high-income countries: descriptive epidemiology, health consequences, and clinical and policy recommendations","volume":"384","author":"Fazel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1179\/2047772412Z.00000000086","article-title":"Prevalence of tuberculosis, hepatitis C virus, and HIV in homeless people: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"106","author":"Cassone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pathog Glob Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1177\/014107680409700804","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction in homeless adults: a systematic review","volume":"97","author":"Spence","year":"2004","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221020","article-title":"Trajectories of functional impairment in homeless older adults: results from the HOPE HOME study","volume":"14","author":"Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra050100","article-title":"Adherence to medication","volume":"353","author":"Osterberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.7812\/TPP\/18-033","article-title":"The unmet challenge of medication nonadherence","volume":"22","author":"Kleinsinger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Perm J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2010.0575","article-title":"Medication adherence: WHO cares?","volume":"86","author":"Brown","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1L496","article-title":"Comparison of methods to assess medication adherence and classify nonadherence","volume":"43","author":"Hansen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2012.11.004","article-title":"Medication adherence challenges among patients experiencing homelessness in a behavioral health clinic","volume":"11","author":"Coe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Res Soc Adm Pharm"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2006.090209","article-title":"Health status, health care use, medication use, and medication adherence among homeless and housed people living with HIV\/AIDS","volume":"97","author":"Kidder","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1177\/2150131914560610","article-title":"Barriers to prescription medication adherence among homeless and vulnerably housed adults in three Canadian cities","volume":"6","author":"Hunter","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Prim Care Community Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2010.08180","article-title":"Medication adherence: pharmacist perspective","volume":"50","author":"Bubalo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc (2003)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.24926\/iip.v5i2.342","article-title":"Medication non-adherence in the homeless population in an Intermountain West city","volume":"5","author":"Unni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Innov Pharm"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120802270250","article-title":"Factors associated with adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy in homeless or unstably housed adults living with HIV","volume":"21","author":"Royal","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1002\/msj.21339","article-title":"Health care for the homeless and unstably housed: overcoming barriers","volume":"79","author":"Rabiner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mt Sinai J Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1103053","article-title":"Emergency hospitalizations for adverse drug events in older Americans","volume":"365","author":"Budnitz","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib22","series-title":"Institute of Medicine, Committee on Identifying and Preventing Medication Errors","author":"Aspden","year":"2007"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1331\/154434503321831111","article-title":"Unmet needs in the medication use process: perceptions of physicians, pharmacists, and patients","volume":"43","author":"Law","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc (2003)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thurman W, Semwal M, Moczygemba LR, Hilbelink M. \u201cIt gave me a little more freedom.\" Smartphone technology to empower people experiencing homelessness: a qualitative investigation. J Med Internet Res (In press). doi:10.2196\/27787.","DOI":"10.2196\/27787"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198109342084","article-title":"Photovoice: a review of the literature in health and public health","volume":"37","author":"Catalani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health Educ Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/14725860220137345","article-title":"Talking about pictures: a case for photo elicitation","volume":"17","author":"Harper","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vis Stud"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1177\/0008417414540517","article-title":"\u201cI see it now\u201d: using photo elicitation to understand chronic illness self-management","volume":"81","author":"Fritz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can J Occup Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1080\/1472586X.2010.502676","article-title":"Questions of process in participant-generated visual methodologies","volume":"25","author":"Guillemin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vis Stud"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732306298756","article-title":"Further than the eye can see? Photo elicitation and research with men","volume":"17","author":"Oliffe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1177\/160940691201100401","article-title":"A literature review to evaluate the choice and use of visual methods","volume":"11","author":"Pain","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Qual Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1080\/16066350600826180","article-title":"Visual data in addictions research: seeing comes before words?","volume":"14","author":"Rhodes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Addiction Res Theor"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.1999.8.185","article-title":"Photovoice: a participatory action research strategy applied to women's health","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Womens Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/86.5.726","article-title":"Toward a common language for function, disability, and health","volume":"86","author":"Jette","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1984.03350140051025","article-title":"Detecting alcoholism: the CAGE questionnaire","volume":"252","author":"Ewing","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.140","article-title":"A single-question screening test for drug use in primary care","volume":"170","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib37","first-page":"588","article-title":"Brief questions to identify patients with inadequate health literacy","volume":"36","author":"Chew","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fam Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2012.712615","article-title":"Measurement variation across health literacy assessments: implications for assessment selection in research and practice","volume":"17","author":"Haun","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Health Commun"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1M174","article-title":"Derivation and validation of the ASK-12 adherence barrier survey","volume":"43","author":"Matza","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2012.04.007","article-title":"The eight-item modified Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey: psychometric evaluation showed excellent performance","volume":"65","author":"Moser","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(18)30622-6","article-title":"Screening for depression in well older adults: evaluation of a short form of the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale)","volume":"10","author":"Andresen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib42","series-title":"Interpretive Description. Qualitative Research for Applied Practice","author":"Thorne","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib43","series-title":"Web Application for Managing, Analyzing, and Presenting Qualitative and Mixed Method Research Data","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib44","series-title":"IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 27.0","year":"2020"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(02)00313-6","article-title":"Impact of major depression on chronic medical illness","volume":"53","author":"Katon","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e31819c498c","article-title":"A longitudinal community-based study of chronic illness, cognitive and physical function, and depression","volume":"17","author":"Turvey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/10530789.2015.1116838","article-title":"Negotiating the service system: professionals and patients talk about healthcare for the homeless in a Midwestern City in the U.S","volume":"25","author":"Davis-Berman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Social Distress and Homelessness"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010035","article-title":"Medication-related burden and patients' lived experience with medicine: a systematic review and metasynthesis of qualitative studies","volume":"6","author":"Mohammed","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.03.002","article-title":"\u201cWhen you are homeless, you are not thinking about your medication, but your food, shelter or heat for the night\u201d: behavioural determinants of homeless patients' adherence to prescribed medicines","volume":"148","author":"Paudyal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Publ Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300422","article-title":"Directly observed antidepressant medication treatment and HIV outcomes among homeless and marginally housed HIV-positive adults: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"103","author":"Tsai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/NNR.0000000000000545","article-title":"Effect of a nurse-led community health worker intervention on latent tuberculosis medication completion among homeless adults","author":"Nyamathi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nurs Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7419.837","article-title":"Managing multiple morbidity in mid-life: a qualitative study of attitudes to drug use","volume":"327","author":"Townsend","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib53","first-page":"120","article-title":"\u201cStripped of dignity\u201d \u2013 women in homelessness and their perspectives of healthcare services: a qualitative study","author":"Kneck","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2020.08.001","article-title":"\u201cWhen you\u2019re homeless, they look down on you\u201d: a qualitative, community-based study of homeless individuals with heart failure","volume":"50","author":"Pendyal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1037\/sah0000093","article-title":"Stigmatized identities, psychological distress, and physical health: intersections of homelessness and race","volume":"3","author":"Weisz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stigma Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-019-00789-4","article-title":"Perceived roles and barriers in caring for the people who are homeless: a survey of UK community pharmacists","volume":"41","author":"Paudyal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1177\/2150131914556122","article-title":"Access to primary care services among the homeless: a synthesis of the literature using the equity of access to medical care framework","volume":"6","author":"White","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Prim Care Community Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S331","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301481","article-title":"Comparing homeless persons' care experiences in tailored versus nontailored primary care programs","volume":"103","author":"Kertesz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib59","first-page":"80","article-title":"Shelter from the storm: trauma-informed care in homelessness services settings","volume":"3","author":"Hopper","year":"2010","journal-title":"Open Health Serv Pol J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.22454\/FamMed.2022.197486","article-title":"Trauma-informed medical care: a cme communication training for primary care providers","volume":"47","author":"Green","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fam Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015_bib61","series-title":"Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research","author":"Kirk","year":"1986"}],"container-title":["Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1551741121003193?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1551741121003193?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T09:27:03Z","timestamp":1761557223000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1551741121003193"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1551741121003193"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["1551-7411"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1551-7411","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"\u201cWithout my medication, I'm a wreck\u201d: Photo-elicitation to explore medication use among people experiencing homelessness","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.08.015","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}