{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T09:33:05Z","timestamp":1761557585002,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]],"date-time":"2022-03-17T03:42:50Z","timestamp":1647488570000},"page":"3580-3587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Antibiotic use numeracy: Developing the infectious numeracy test (INT)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3043-0322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanah","family":"Hasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Gamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Samorinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nageeb AbdulGalil","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10388","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance is ancient","volume":"477","author":"D'Costa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3270","article-title":"Microbiological effects of sublethal levels of antibiotics","volume":"12","author":"Andersson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1159483","article-title":"Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in natural environments","volume":"321","author":"Martinez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)17907-0","article-title":"Outpatient antibiotic use in Europe and association with resistance: a cross-national database study","volume":"365","author":"Goossens","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib5","first-page":"914","article-title":"Antibiotic prescribing in patients with self-reported sore throat","volume":"72","author":"Mehta","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X14553472","article-title":"Germs are germs, and why not take a risk? Patients' expectations for prescribing antibiotics in an Inner-City emergency Department","volume":"35","author":"Broniatowski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Decis Making"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1177\/1059840514554837","article-title":"Self-medication among school students","volume":"31","author":"ALBashtawy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Sch Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2015.3.10523","article-title":"Self-medication in central Saudi Arabia. Community pharmacy consumers' perspectives","volume":"36","author":"Aljadhey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.5001\/omj.2013.95","article-title":"A study assessing public knowledge, belief and behavior of antibiotic use in an Omani population","volume":"28","author":"Jose","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oman Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-7406.154432","article-title":"Antibiotics self-medication among medical and nonmedical students at two prominent universities in Benghazi City, Libya","volume":"7","author":"Ghaieth","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pharm BioAllied Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib11","first-page":"266","article-title":"What do we know so far: the role of health knowledge within theories of health literacy","volume":"17","author":"Gellert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Health Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-2-201107190-00005","article-title":"Low health literacy and health outcomes: an updated systematic review","volume":"155","author":"Berkman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"year":"2009","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib13","article-title":"PIAAC Numeracy: A Conceptual Framework"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017327","article-title":"How numeracy influences risk comprehension and medical decision making","volume":"135","author":"Reyna","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064153","article-title":"Measuring health literacy regarding infectious respiratory diseases: a new skills-based instrument","volume":"8","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.17.6.473","article-title":"Numeracy and medicine: key family physician attitudes about communicating probability with patients","volume":"17","author":"Gramling","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Board Fam Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.26.3.741","article-title":"Numeracy skill and the communication, comprehension, and use of risk-benefit information","volume":"26","author":"Peters","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Aff"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib18","first-page":"225","article-title":"Misperception of medical understanding in low-literacy patients: implications for cancer prevention","volume":"13","author":"Rogers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Contr"},{"year":"2002","series-title":"Adult Literacy in America: A First Look at the Findings of the National Adult Literacy Survey (NCES Report No. 1993-275.3","author":"Kirsch","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib19"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730802281791","article-title":"Perspective: the role of numeracy in healthcare","volume":"13","author":"Rothman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Health Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-012039","article-title":"Study on the development of an infectious disease-specific health literacy scale in the Chinese population","volume":"6","author":"Tian","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00149","article-title":"Best practices for developing and validating scales for health, social, and behavioral research: a primer","volume":"6","author":"Boateng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib23","article-title":"Development and validation of the new asthma numeracy test","volume":"25","author":"Hasan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Value Health Reg Issues"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2020.07.576","article-title":"Assessing patient knowledge of asthma using a newly-validated tool","volume":"22","author":"Hasan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Value Health Reg Issues"},{"year":"1998","series-title":"Mathematics and Science Achievement in the Final Year of Secondary School","author":"Mullis","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib25"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.15171\/jcs.2015.017","article-title":"Design and implementation content validity study: development of an instrument for measuring patient-centered communication","volume":"4","author":"Zamanzadeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Caring Sci"},{"year":"2003","series-title":"Scale Development: Theory and Applications","author":"DeVellis","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib27"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib28","unstructured":"Hasan S., Babi H., Sulieman H., Bloukh S. A measure of infection and antibiotic management: the antibiotic knowledge and consumption scale. (In Review)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2006.00536.x","article-title":"Predictors of medication self-management skill in a low-literacy population","volume":"21","author":"Kripalani","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2009.269","article-title":"Parents' medication administration errors: role of dosing instruments and health literacy","volume":"164","author":"Yin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-11-39","article-title":"Assessing the overuse of antibiotics in children in Saudi Arabia: validation of the parental perception on antibiotics scale (PAPA scale)","volume":"11","author":"Alumran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcome"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2006.07.025","article-title":"Patient understanding of food labels: the role of literacy and numeracy","volume":"31","author":"Rothman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"year":"2020","series-title":"Health Literacy Universal Precautions Toolkit","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib33"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039391","article-title":"The association among literacy, numeracy, HIV knowledge and health-seeking behavior: a population-based survey of women in rural Mozambique","volume":"7","author":"Ciampa","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-013-9777-7","article-title":"The role of health literacy and numeracy in contraceptive decision-making for Urban Chicago women","volume":"39","author":"Yee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Community Health"},{"year":"2013","series-title":"The Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) and User's Guide. (Prepared by Abt Associates, Inc. Under Contract No. HHSA290200900012I, TO 4)","author":"Shoemaker","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib36"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X0102100105","article-title":"General performance on a numeracy scale among highly educated samples","volume":"21","author":"Lipkus","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Decis Making"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14598","article-title":"Outcomes of a novel pharmacy screening intervention to address the burden of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in an Arabic-speaking country","volume":"38","author":"Alzubaidi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib39","article-title":"Correlations between health insurance status and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the elderly Asian American population","volume":"10","author":"Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2010.02.013","article-title":"Health insurance and cardiovascular disease risk factors","volume":"123","author":"Brooks","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Med"}],"container-title":["Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1551741122000626?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1551741122000626?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T09:28:30Z","timestamp":1761557310000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1551741122000626"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1551741122000626"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1551-7411"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1551-7411"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Antibiotic use numeracy: Developing the infectious numeracy test (INT)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sapharm.2022.03.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}