{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T03:40:47Z","timestamp":1792294847499,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T06:47:38Z","timestamp":1792046858000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cannabis information-seeking and engagement within the medication use process: The roles of health literacy, stigma, and system-level factors"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Kelsey","family":"Westall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Bear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Gerges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Donnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Hosker-Field","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilyn","family":"Cresswell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4979-4222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Bishop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib1","series-title":"Key Substance Use and Mental Health Indicators in the United States: Results from the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib2","series-title":"Canadian Cannabis Survey 2024: Summary","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib3","article-title":"Understanding the access to cannabis for medical purposes regulations","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Canada"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib4","series-title":"Accessing Cannabis for Medical Purposes from a Licensed Producer","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib5","series-title":"Cannabis Legalization and Regulation","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib6","series-title":"Cannabis for Medical Purposes Under the Cannabis Act: Information and Improvements","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib7","series-title":"Legislative Review of the Cannabis Act: Final Report of the Expert Panel","year":"2024"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1007\/s40801-024-00451-0","article-title":"Older adults' use of cannabis and attitudes around disclosing medical cannabis use to their healthcare providers in California: a mixed methods study","volume":"11","author":"Abu Baker","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drugs Real World Outcomes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/07317115.2020.1746720","article-title":"Exploring new use of cannabis among older adults","volume":"44","author":"Baumbusch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gerontol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5734","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7232","article-title":"The emerging role of cannabidiol (CBD) products; a survey exploring the public's use and perceptions of CBD","volume":"35","author":"Bhamra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s42238-024-00249-5","article-title":"Cannabis-related information sources among US residents: a probability-weighted nationally representative survey","volume":"6","author":"Boehnke","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cannabis Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-023-01030-8","article-title":"The information-seeking behavior and unmet knowledge needs of older medicinal cannabis consumers in Canada: a qualitative descriptive study","volume":"40","author":"Butler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.23-00355","article-title":"Age differences in cannabis-related perceptions, knowledge, and sources of information among adults in the postlegalization era in Quebec, Canada","volume":"86","author":"Hu\u1ef3nh","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol Drugs"},{"issue":"66","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1093\/jncimonographs\/lgad026","article-title":"Patient-provider communication about the use of medical cannabis for cancer symptoms: a cross-sectional study","volume":"2024","author":"Turner","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106458","article-title":"Knowledge, expectations and fears of cannabis use of epilepsy patients at a tertiary epilepsy center","volume":"99","author":"von Wrede","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s42238-020-00041-1","article-title":"A content analysis of internet information sources on medical cannabis","volume":"2","author":"Kruger","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cannabis Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s42238-021-00093-x","article-title":"Cannabis for pain: a cross-sectional survey of the patient information quality on the internet","volume":"3","author":"Ng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cannabis Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/28324897.2024.2303502","article-title":"How older Canadians access medical cannabis and information about it: a descriptive survey","volume":"3","author":"Shrestha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cogent Gerontology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s42238-022-00135-y","article-title":"A description of self-medication with cannabis among adults with legal access to cannabis in Quebec, Canada","volume":"4","author":"Asselin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cannabis Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1177\/17151635231164997","article-title":"An examination of cannabis-related information typically asked by consumers at retail cannabis locations: a Canadian survey of budtenders and managers","volume":"156","author":"Cameron","year":"2023","journal-title":"Can Pharm J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.9740\/mhc.2023.10.217","article-title":"Consumer perception, knowledge, and uses of cannabidiol","volume":"13","author":"Nguyen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ment Health Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s42238-022-00141-0","article-title":"Healthcare provider and medical cannabis patient communication regarding referral and medication substitution: the Canadian context","volume":"4","author":"Holman","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cannabis Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-024-03370-7","article-title":"Canadians' use of cannabis for therapeutic purposes since legalization of recreational cannabis: a cross-sectional analysis by medical authorization status","volume":"22","author":"Balneaves","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib24","article-title":"CPhA medical cannabis users survey results for CPhA","year":"2019","journal-title":"Abacus Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102204","article-title":"Exploring cancer survivors' attitudes, perceptions, and concerns about using medical cannabis for symptom and side effect management: a qualitative focus group study","volume":"47","author":"Victorson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Compl Ther Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2150132720946954","article-title":"Use and reported helpfulness of cannabinoids among primary care patients in Vermont","volume":"11","author":"Wershoven","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Prim Care Community Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198120914249","article-title":"Self-efficacy in researching and obtaining medical cannabis by patients with chronic conditions","volume":"47","author":"Brady","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Educ Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-024-00929-8","article-title":"The role of stigma in cannabis use disclosure: an exploratory study","volume":"21","author":"King","year":"2024","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib29","series-title":"Survey Shows Medical Professionals Among Most Trusted News Sources","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib31","article-title":"Model standards of practice for pharmacists and pharmacy technicians in Canada: domains and standards quick reference guide","year":"2022","journal-title":"National Association of Pharmacy Regulatory Authorities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib32","series-title":"Canadian Pharmacists Association","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-019-0158-0","article-title":"Leveraging the role of community pharmacists in the prevention, surveillance, and treatment of opioid use disorders","volume":"14","author":"Bach","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addict Sci Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1177\/1715163518813314","article-title":"Pharmacists' role in cannabis dispensing and counselling","volume":"152","author":"Dattani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can Pharm J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib38","series-title":"Survey on Access to Health Care and Pharmaceuticals During the Pandemic (SAHCPDP)","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1177\/1715163518814273","article-title":"Pharmacists should counsel users of medical cannabis, but should they be dispensing it?","volume":"152","author":"Grootendorst","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can Pharm J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1093\/ijpp\/riac005","article-title":"Pharmacists' perceptions and experiences of medicinal cannabis dispensing: a narrative review with a systematic approach","volume":"30","author":"Sabmeethavorn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib41","unstructured":"Coloop - AI Tool for Qualitative Research & Data Analysis. Accessed March 19, 2026. https:\/\/www.coloop.ai\/."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology","volume":"3","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qual Res Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-80","article-title":"Health literacy and public health: a systematic review and integration of definitions and models","volume":"12","author":"S\u00f8rensen","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-022-00691-9","article-title":"The quality of health information provided on web sites selling cannabis to consumers in Canada is poor","volume":"19","author":"Ng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"issue":"8\u20139","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1177\/10497323241227419","article-title":"The effects of stigma: older persons and medicinal cannabis","volume":"34","author":"Dahlke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2020.04.009","article-title":"Experiences with medical cannabis in the treatment of veterans with PTSD: results from a focus group discussion","volume":"36","author":"Krediet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-10-2","article-title":"Perceptions of cannabis as a stigmatized medicine: a qualitative descriptive study","volume":"10","author":"Bottorff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2014.991858","article-title":"Stigma among california's medical Marijuana patients","volume":"47","author":"Satterlund","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Psychoact Drugs"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.02.018","article-title":"Stigma among health professionals towards patients with substance use disorders and its consequences for healthcare delivery: systematic review","volume":"131","author":"van Boekel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.3109\/10826081003659543","article-title":"The role of physician and nurse attitudes in the health care of injecting drug users","volume":"45","author":"Brener","year":"2010","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2524.2006.00683.x","article-title":"Too frightened to care? Accounts by district nurses working with clients who misuse substances","volume":"15","author":"Peckover","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Soc Care Community"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s42238-020-00056-8","article-title":"A qualitative review of cannabis stigmas at the twilight of prohibition","volume":"2","author":"Reid","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cannabis Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.84.9.1394","article-title":"How effective is drug abuse resistance education? A meta-analysis of Project DARE outcome evaluations","volume":"84","author":"Ennett","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2024.104514","article-title":"Harm reduction isn't enough: introducing the concept of Mindful Consumption and Benefit Maximization (MCBM)","volume":"138","author":"Bear","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Drug Pol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.09.015","article-title":"Community pharmacists' lack of knowledge and confidence in non-prescription cannabidiol products","volume":"17","author":"Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res Soc Adm Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib58","series-title":"Canadian Pharmacists Association","article-title":"Medical Marijuana and Pharmacists A national survey of Canadians on their perceptions and attitudes towards Marijuana","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2539","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-23770-5","article-title":"Development of a cannabis health literacy questionnaire: preliminary validation using the Rasch model","volume":"25","author":"Jacques","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"}],"container-title":["Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1551741126003633?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1551741126003633?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T03:10:16Z","timestamp":1792293016000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1551741126003633"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S1551741126003633"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151","relation":{},"ISSN":["1551-7411"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1551-7411","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cannabis information-seeking and engagement within the medication use process: The roles of health literacy, stigma, and system-level factors","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sapharm.2026.10.151","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}