{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:34:15Z","timestamp":1791196455151,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,1]],"date-time":"2005-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1128124800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Schizophrenia Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,6]],"date-time":"2005-07-06T22:02:27Z","timestamp":1120687347000},"page":"323-335","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["The consequences of Conduct Disorder for males who develop schizophrenia: Associations with criminality, aggressive behavior, substance use, and psychiatric services"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Sheilagh","family":"Hodgins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jari","family":"Tiihonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.70.6.1224","article-title":"Community studies on adolescent substance use, abuse, or dependence and psychiatric comorbidity","volume":"70","author":"Armstrong","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.10.979","article-title":"Mental disorders and violence in a total birth cohort","volume":"57","author":"Arseneault","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7374.1212","article-title":"Cannabis use in adolescence and risk for adult psychosis: longitudinal prospective study","volume":"325","author":"Arseneault","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/14.4.613","article-title":"Children at risk for schizophrenia: converging lines of evidence","volume":"14","author":"Asnarow","year":"1988","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib6","series-title":"The Schizophrenic Disorders: Long Term Patient and Family Studies","author":"Bleuler","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib7","series-title":"Genetics of Criminal and Antisocial Behavior","first-page":"115","article-title":"Assessing the role of genetics in crime using adoption cohorts","author":"Brennan","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.5.494","article-title":"Major mental disorders and criminal violence in a Danish birth cohort","volume":"57","author":"Brennan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1990.01810190022003","article-title":"Antecedents of predominantly negative and predominantly positive symptom schizophrenia in a high risk population","volume":"47","author":"Cannon","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5582","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1072290","article-title":"Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children","volume":"297","author":"Caspi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.366","article-title":"Homicide and schizophrenia: maybe treatment does have a preventive effect","volume":"11","author":"Erb","year":"2001","journal-title":"Crim. Behav. Ment Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/22.1.83","article-title":"Schizophrenia and homicidal behavior","volume":"22","author":"Eronen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.70.6.1267","article-title":"Review of the evidence base for treatment of childhood psychopathology: externalizing disorders","volume":"70","author":"Farmer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin .Psych."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1080\/00332747.1988.11024387","article-title":"Are there any successful men from crimogenic backgrounds?","volume":"51","author":"Farrington","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07740-1","article-title":"Serious mental disorder in 23,000 prisoners: a systematic review of 62 surveys","volume":"359","author":"Fazel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.7.738","article-title":"Childhood adversity, monoamine oxidase A genotype, and risk for conduct disorder","volume":"61","author":"Foley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(99)90112-8","article-title":"Premorbid risk factors for violence in adult mental illness","volume":"40","author":"Fulwiler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.48.9.1181","article-title":"Early-onset substance abuse and community violence by outpatients with chronic mental illness","volume":"48","author":"Fulwiler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Serv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib19","first-page":"315","article-title":"Criminal and antisocial behaviors and schizophrenia: a neglected topic","volume":"vol. V","author":"Hodgins","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854893020002001","article-title":"The criminality of mentally disordered offenders","volume":"28","author":"Hodgins","year":"1993","journal-title":"Crim. Justice Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib21","series-title":"Criminality and Violence Among the Mentally Disordered: The Stockholm Metropolitan Project","author":"Hodgins","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.185.3.245","article-title":"Preventing crime by people with schizophrenia: the role of psychiatric services","volume":"185","author":"Hodgins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.8.746","article-title":"Obstetrical complications, parenting, and risk of criminal behavior","volume":"58","author":"Hodgins","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.540","article-title":"The antecedents of aggressive behavior among men with schizophrenia: a prospective investigation of patients in community treatment","volume":"21","author":"Hodgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behav. Sci. Law"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib25","unstructured":"Hodgins, S., Tengstr\u00f6m, A., \u00d6stermann, R., Eaves, D., Hart, S., Konstrand, R., Levander, S., M\u00fcller-Isberner, R., Tiihonen, J., Webster, C.D., Eronen, M., Freese, R., J\u00f6ckel, D., Kreuzer, A., Levin, A., Maas, S., Repo, E., Ross, D., Tuniger, E., Kotilainen, I., V\u00e4\u00e4n\u00e4nen, K., Vartianen, H., and Vokkolainen, A., in press. An international comparison of community treatment programs for mentally ill persons who have committed criminal offences. Criminal Justice and Behavior."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.t01-1-00524","article-title":"Life with (or without) father: the benefits of living with two biological parents depend on the father's antisocial behavior","volume":"74","author":"Jaffee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Child Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261","article-title":"The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia","volume":"13","author":"Kay","year":"1987","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1993.01820220033004","article-title":"The Roscommon family study: III. Schizophrenia-related personality disorders in relatives","volume":"50","author":"Kendler","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib29","series-title":"The Transmission of Schizophrenia","first-page":"345","article-title":"The types and prevalences of mental illness in the biological and adoptive families of adopted schizophrenics","author":"Kety","year":"1968"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.7.709","article-title":"Prior juvenile diagnoses in adults with mental disorder: developmental follow-back of a prospective-longitudinal cohort","volume":"60","author":"Kim-Cohen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.111.3.411","article-title":"Etiologic connections among substance dependence, antisocial behavior, and personality: modeling the exermalizing spectrum","volume":"111","author":"Krueger","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.129.1.38","article-title":"The influence of psychotic parents on their childrens development","volume":"129","author":"Landau","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib33","series-title":"Delinquency and Psychopathology","author":"Lewis","year":"1970"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib34","series-title":"A Study of Schizophrenia: A Clinical, Prognostic, and Family Investigation","volume":"Supplement 216","year":"1970"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1093\/bjc\/39.3.450","article-title":"Criminality among Stockholm mental patients","volume":"139","author":"Lindqvist","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br. J. Criminol. Delinq. Deviant Soc. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib36","series-title":"What Works: Reducing Reoffending\u2014Guidelines from Research and Practice","author":"McGuire","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579402001104","article-title":"Males on the life-course-persistent and adolescence-limited antisocial pathways: follow up at age 26 years","volume":"14","author":"Moffit","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib38","series-title":"The MacArthur Study of Mental Disorder and Violence","article-title":"Rethinking risk assessment","author":"Monahan","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.106.3.473","article-title":"Antisocial personality disorder, conduct disorder, and substance abuse in schizophrenia","volume":"106","author":"Mueser","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1999.60.278","article-title":"Conduct disorder, antisocial personality disorder and substance use disorders in schizophrenia and major affective disorders","volume":"60","author":"Mueser","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Stud. Alcohol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/23.1.93","article-title":"Childhood behavior precursors of schizotypal personality disorder","volume":"23","author":"Olin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1080\/00332747.1988.11024380","article-title":"Assortative mating in schizophrenia: results from the Copenhagen High-Risk Study","volume":"51","author":"Parnas","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.128.3.490","article-title":"Genetic and environmental influences on antisocial behavior: a meta-analysis of twin and adoption studies","volume":"128","author":"Rhee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib44","series-title":"Deviant Children Grown Up","author":"Robins","year":"1966"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib45","series-title":"Mental Disorder and Crime","first-page":"173","article-title":"Childhood conduct problems, adult psychopathology, and crime","author":"Robins","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib46","series-title":"Straight and Deviant Pathways from Childhood to Adulthood","first-page":"182","article-title":"Conduct problems as predictors of substance abuse","author":"Robins","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1080\/00332747.1991.11024540","article-title":"Adult disorders predicted by childhood conduct problems: results from the NIMH epidemiologic catchment area project","volume":"54","author":"Robins","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib48","series-title":"Psychiatric Disorders in America: The Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study","first-page":"258","article-title":"Antisocial personality","author":"Robins","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1988.tb06303.x","article-title":"Crime and the schizophrenia spectrum: a diathesis-stress model","volume":"78","author":"Silverton","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1992.01820080032005","article-title":"The structured clinical interview for DSM-III-R (SCID) I: history, rationale, and description","volume":"49","author":"Spitzer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S75","DOI":"10.1007\/s001270050213","article-title":"Taking the wrong drugs: the role of substance abuse and medication noncompliance in violence among severely mentally ill individuals","volume":"33","author":"Swartz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a006867","article-title":"Men with schizophrenia who behave violently: the usefulness of an early versus late starters typology","volume":"27","author":"Tengstr\u00f6m","year":"2001","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854804265173","article-title":"Schizophrenia and criminal offending: the role of psychopathy and substance misuse","volume":"31","author":"Tengstr\u00f6m","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crim. Justice Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.6.840","article-title":"Specific major mental disorders and criminality: a 26 year prospective study of the 1966 Northern Finland birth cohort","volume":"154","author":"Tiihonen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.3.501","article-title":"Cannabis use and age at onset of schizophrenia","volume":"161","author":"Veen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.4.716","article-title":"Criminal offending in schizophrenia over a 25-year period marked by deinstitutionalization and increasing prevalence of comorbid substance use disorders","volume":"161","author":"Wallace","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7374.1199","article-title":"Self reported cannabis use as a risk factor for schizophrenia in Swedish conscripts of 1969: historical cohort study","volume":"325","author":"Zammit","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."}],"container-title":["Schizophrenia Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0920996405002124?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0920996405002124?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]],"date-time":"2019-03-05T10:42:59Z","timestamp":1551782579000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0920996405002124"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0920996405002124"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0920-9964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0920-9964","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]}}}