{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T04:16:49Z","timestamp":1789532209900,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,1]],"date-time":"2009-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1254355200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Schizophrenia Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,5]],"date-time":"2009-08-05T09:20:39Z","timestamp":1249464039000},"page":"91-97","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Correlation of prepulse inhibition and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in schizophrenia and controls: Effects of smoking status"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Rachel A.","family":"Rabin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristi A.","family":"Sacco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tony P.","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200210123581","article-title":"Biochemical verification of tobacco use and cessation. Report from the SRNT Subcommittee on Biochemical Verification","volume":"4","author":"Benowitz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1990.01810140081011","article-title":"Sensorimotor gating and schizophrenia. Human and animal model studies","volume":"47","author":"Braff","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1992.01820030038005","article-title":"Gating and habituation of the startle reflex in schizophrenic patients","volume":"49","author":"Braff","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130100810","article-title":"Human studies of prepulse inhibition of startle: normal subjects, patient groups, and pharmacological studies","volume":"156","author":"Braff","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib5","series-title":"The Continuous Performance Test (CPT)","author":"Connors","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.02.010","article-title":"A meta-analysis of worldwide studies demonstrates an association between schizophrenia and tobacco smoking behaviors","volume":"76","author":"de Leon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(02)00372-X","article-title":"Nicotine and behavioral markers of risk for schizophrenia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study","volume":"27","author":"Depatie","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib8","first-page":"48","article-title":"Wisconsin card sorting task in patients with schizophrenia and their siblings","volume":"51","author":"El Hamaoui","year":"2006","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib9","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"First","year":"1994"},{"issue":"3\/4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1300\/J374v03n03_04","article-title":"Neurobiological links between nicotine addiction and schizophrenia","volume":"3","author":"George","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dual Diagnosis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)38869-X","article-title":"Nicotinic modulation of mesoprefrontal dopamine systems: pharmacologic and neuroanatomic characterization","volume":"295","author":"George","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(01)00296-2","article-title":"Effects of smoking abstinence on visuospatial working memory function in schizophrenia","volume":"26","author":"George","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2006.05.022","article-title":"Effects of cigarette smoking on prepulse inhibition in schizophrenia: Involvement of nicotinic receptor mechanisms","volume":"87","author":"George","year":"2006","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/14.2.179","article-title":"Probing prefrontal function in schizophrenia with neuropsychological paradigms","volume":"14","author":"Goldberg","year":"1988","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/34.4.724","article-title":"A high performance liquid chromatographic method for routine simulataneous determination of nicotine and cotinine in plasma","volume":"34","author":"Hariharan","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300450","article-title":"Effects of nicotine on cognitive deficits in schizophrenia","volume":"29","author":"Harris","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib20","series-title":"Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Manual","author":"Heaton","year":"1993"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2003.12.010","article-title":"Cortico-subcortical contributions to executive control","volume":"115","author":"Heyder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Psychol. (Amst)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490590924728","article-title":"Co-morbidity of smoking with psychiatric and substance use disorders","volume":"14","author":"Kalman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Addict."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-9964(95)00027-J","article-title":"A pen-and-paper human analogue of a monkey prefrontal cortex activation task: spatial working memory in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"17","author":"Keefe","year":"1995","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1177\/026988119701100205","article-title":"Dopamine, the prefrontal cortex and schizophrenia","volume":"11","author":"Knable","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2005.02.006","article-title":"Nicotine use in schizophrenia: the self medication hypothesis","volume":"29","author":"Kumari","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.286","article-title":"Influence of cigarette smoking on prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response in schizophrenia","volume":"16","author":"Kumari","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4927(02)00123-3","article-title":"Neural correlates of tactile prepulse inhibition: a functional MRI study in normal and schizophrenic subjects","volume":"122","author":"Kumari","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.03.002","article-title":"Structural brain correlates of prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response in healthy humans","volume":"26","author":"Kumari","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(96)00018-8","article-title":"Nicotine-haloperidol interactions and cognitive performance in schizophrenics","volume":"15","author":"Levin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/22.1.125","article-title":"Frontal\/executive impairments in schizophrenia","volume":"22","author":"Morice","year":"1996","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1992.01820120063009","article-title":"Schizophrenics show spatial working memory deficits","volume":"49","author":"Park","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1162\/089892900561931","article-title":"Contrasting cortical and subcortical activations produced by attentional-set shifting and reversal learning in humans","volume":"12","author":"Rogers","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881104047273","article-title":"Nicotinic receptor mechanisms and cognition in normal states and neuropsychiatric disorders","volume":"18","author":"Sacco","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.649","article-title":"Effects of cigarette smoking function on spatial working memory and attentional function in schizophrenia: involvement of nicotinic receptor mechanisms","volume":"62","author":"Sacco","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2006.03.025","article-title":"Neuropsychological deficits in non-smokers with schizophrenia: effect of a nicotinic antagonist","volume":"85","author":"Sacco","year":"2006","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2008.05.004","article-title":"Effects of galantamine on neurocognitive deficits in smokers and non-smokers with schizophrenia","volume":"103","author":"Sacco","year":"2008","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2008.09.026","article-title":"Effects of atomoxetine on cognitive function and cigarette smoking in schizophrenia","volume":"107","author":"Sacco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.97.6.1313","article-title":"A convenient self-administered scale for measuring intellectual impairment in psychotics","volume":"97","author":"Shipley","year":"1941","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(02)00324-X","article-title":"Effects of cigarette smoking and nicotine nasal spray on psychiatric symptoms and cognition in schizophrenia","volume":"27","author":"Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300881","article-title":"Effects of nicotine nasal spray on cognitive function in schizophrenia","volume":"31","author":"Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130100799","article-title":"Neural circuit regulation of prepulse inhibition of startle in the rat: current knowledge and future challenges","volume":"156","author":"Swerdlow","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)11064-1","article-title":"Nicotine and morphine differentially activate brain dopamine in prefrontocortical and subcortical terminal fields: effects of acute and repeated injections","volume":"261","author":"Vezina","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.12.1093","article-title":"Word and tone working memory deficits in schizophrenia","volume":"55","author":"Wexler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200701484995","article-title":"Higher nicotine and carbon monoxide levels in menthol cigarette smokers with and without schizophrenia","volume":"9","author":"Williams","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.04.016","article-title":"Prepulse inhibition in patients with schizophrenia and controls: effects of smoking status","volume":"112","author":"Woznica","year":"2009","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."}],"container-title":["Schizophrenia Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0920996409003314?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0920996409003314?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T16:48:35Z","timestamp":1739292515000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0920996409003314"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0920996409003314"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2009.07.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0920-9964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0920-9964","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]}}}