{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T17:19:45Z","timestamp":1788715185725,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]],"date-time":"2011-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1312156800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Schizophrenia Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,19]],"date-time":"2011-06-19T12:17:52Z","timestamp":1308485872000},"page":"106-113","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["The effect of adjunctive armodafinil on cognitive performance and psychopathology in antipsychotic-treated patients with schizophrenia\/schizoaffective disorder: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"William V.","family":"Bobo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil D.","family":"Woodward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Young","family":"Sim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karuna","family":"Jayathilake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert Y.","family":"Meltzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl. 39\u201344","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0005","article-title":"Assessing depression in schizophrenia: the Calgary Depression Scale","author":"Addington","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl. 49\u201358","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0010","article-title":"The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS): conceptual and theoretical foundations","author":"Andreasen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbn037","article-title":"Measurement issues in the use of Cognitive Neuroscience Tasks in Drug Development for Impaired Cognition in Schizophrenia: a report of the second consensus building conference of the CNTRICS initiative","volume":"34","author":"Barch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.154.5.672","article-title":"A rating scale for drug-induced akathisia","volume":"154","author":"Barnes","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"613\u201333","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0025","first-page":"626","article-title":"Cognition in schizophrenia: impairments, determinants, and functional importance","volume":"28","author":"Bowie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.09m05900gry","article-title":"Adjunctive armodafinil for major depressive episodes associated with bipolar I disorder: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept study","volume":"71","author":"Calabrese","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.03.020","article-title":"Identifying cognitive mechanisms targeted for treatment development in schizophrenia: an overview of the first meeting of the Cognitive Neuroscience Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia initiative","volume":"64","author":"Carter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.51.5.634","article-title":"Changes in use of valproate and other mood stabilizers for patients with schizophrenia from 1994 to 1998","volume":"51","author":"Citrome","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Serv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0050","series-title":"ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology, Revised (DHEW Publ No ADM 76-338)","first-page":"218","author":"Clinical Global Impressions","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.2165\/11315280-000000000-00000","article-title":"Armodafinil and modafinil have substantially different pharmacokinetic profiles despite having the same terminal half-lives: analysis of data from three randomized, single-dose, pharmacokinetic studies","volume":"29","author":"Darwish","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Drug Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000104910.75206.b9","article-title":"A prospective trial of modafinil as an adjunctive treatment of major depression","volume":"24","author":"DeBattista","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1185\/030079906X80378","article-title":"Pharmacodynamic effects on alertness of single doses of armodafinil in healthy subjects during a nocturnal period of acute sleep loss","volume":"22","author":"Dinges","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Res. Opin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0404-5","article-title":"Mesocortical dopamine modulation of executive functions: beyond working memory","volume":"188","author":"Floresco","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08m04683","article-title":"Modafinil for clozapine-treated schizophrenia patients: a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial","volume":"70","author":"Freudenreich","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.06060981","article-title":"A placebo-controlled evaluation of adjunctive modafinil in the treatment of bipolar depression","volume":"164","author":"Frye","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v65n1013","article-title":"Prevalence, trends, and factors associated with antipsychotic polypharmacy among Medicaid-eligible schizophrenia patients, 1998\u20132000","volume":"65","author":"Ganguly","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1185\/030079906X100050","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of armodafinil as treatment for adults with excessive sleepiness associated with narcolepsy","volume":"22","author":"Harsh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Res. Opin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300991","article-title":"Modafinil attenuates disruptions in cognitive performance during simulated night-shift work","volume":"31","author":"Hart","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.2.176","article-title":"Studies of cognitive change in patients with schizophrenia following novel antipsychotic treatment","volume":"158","author":"Harvey","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.06.007","article-title":"Adjunct armodafinil improves wakefulness and memory in obstructive sleep apnea\/hypopnea syndrome","volume":"101","author":"Hirshkowitz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.12.2184","article-title":"Impact of modafinil on prefrontal executive function in schizophrenia","volume":"163","author":"Hunter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00154.x","article-title":"5-HT(2A) and D(2) receptor blockade increases cortical DA release via 5-HT(1A) receptor activation: a possible mechanism of atypical antipsychotic-induced cortical dopamine release","volume":"76","author":"Ichikawa","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540","article-title":"A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale","volume":"14","author":"Johns","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.09m05950gry","article-title":"Armodafinil as adjunctive therapy in adults with cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia: a 4-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"71","author":"Kane","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261","article-title":"The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia","volume":"13","author":"Kay","year":"1987","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.6.633","article-title":"Neurocognitive effects of antipsychotic medications in patients with chronic schizophrenia in the CATIE Trial","volume":"64","author":"Keefe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2007.164.7.1061","article-title":"Effects of olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone on neurocognitive function in early psychosis: a randomized, double-blind 52-week comparison","volume":"164","author":"Keefe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1989.00520460115022","article-title":"The fatigue severity scale. Application to patients with multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"46","author":"Krupp","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198506000-00005","article-title":"Assessment of tardive dyskinesia using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale","volume":"173","author":"Lane","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(02)02620-3","article-title":"5-HT(2A) receptor antagonism potentiates haloperidol-induced dopamine release in rat medial prefrontal cortex and inhibits that in the nucleus accumbens in a dose-dependent manner","volume":"947","author":"Liegeois","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"Suppl. 334","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1987.tb10566.x","article-title":"The UKU side effect rating scale. A new comprehensive rating scale for psychotropic drugs and a cross-sectional study of side effects in neuroleptic-treated patients","author":"Lingjaerde","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.2006.18.2.248","article-title":"Modafinil-induced reversible hyperkinetic nondystonic movement disorder in a patient with major depressive disorder","volume":"18","author":"Luborzewski","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E26","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.2010.22.4.451.e26","article-title":"Modafinil-induced orofacial dyskinesia in an elderly patient with refractory bipolar depression","volume":"22","author":"Maser","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301534","article-title":"Modafinil: a review of neurochemical actions and effects on cognition","volume":"33","author":"Minzenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbm090","article-title":"A review of the effects of modafinil on cognition in schizophrenia","volume":"33","author":"Morein-Zamir","year":"2007","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.3.292","article-title":"Is psychosis exacerbated by modafinil?","volume":"59","author":"Narendran","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2009.09.014","article-title":"Chronic infusion of PCP via osmotic mini-pumps: a new rodent model of cognitive deficit in schizophrenia characterized by impaired attentional set-shifting (ID\/ED) performance","volume":"185","author":"Pedersen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v68n0507","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of modafinil for negative symptoms in schizophrenia","volume":"68","author":"Pierre","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200342020-00002","article-title":"Clinical pharmacokinetic profile of modafinil","volume":"42","author":"Robertson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-200401000-00011","article-title":"Benefits of adjunct modafinil in an open-label, pilot study in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"27","author":"Rosenthal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-007-0137-7","article-title":"Armodafinil improves wakefulness and long-term episodic memory in nCPAP-adherent patients with excessive sleepiness associated with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"12","author":"Roth","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep Breath."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-200403000-00005","article-title":"Effects of modafinil on wakefulness and executive function in patients with narcolepsy experiencing late-day sleepiness","volume":"27","author":"Schwartz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v66n0705","article-title":"Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of modafinil for fatigue and cognition in schizophrenia patients treated with psychotropic medications","volume":"66","author":"Sevy","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014366","article-title":"Modafinil and memory: effects of modafinil on Morris water maze learning and Pavlovian fear conditioning","volume":"123","author":"Shuman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"issue":"Suppl. 212","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1970.tb02066.x","article-title":"A rating scale for extrapyramidal side effects","author":"Simpson","year":"1970","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.187.1.55","article-title":"Modafinil modulates anterior cingulate function in chronic schizophrenia","volume":"187","author":"Spence","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.54.1.55","article-title":"Combination antipsychotic therapy in clinical practice","volume":"54","author":"Tapp","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Serv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.02.008","article-title":"Modafinil improves cognition and response inhibition in adult attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"55","author":"Turner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300457","article-title":"Modafinil improves cognition and attentional set shifting in patients with chronic schizophrenia","volume":"29","author":"Turner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2007.164.4.684","article-title":"Acute chorea and hyperthermia after concurrent use of modafinil and tranylcypromine","volume":"164","author":"Vytopil","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.3.434","article-title":"Modafinil improves alertness, vigilance, and executive function during simulated night shifts","volume":"27","author":"Walsh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881105048995","article-title":"Assessment of modafinil on attentional processes in a five-choice serial reaction time test in the rat","volume":"19","author":"Waters","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00935-3","article-title":"Antipsychotic drugs classified by their effects on the release of dopamine and noradrenaline in the prefrontal cortex and striatum","volume":"412","author":"Westerink","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.09.018","article-title":"Armodafinil, the R-enantiomer of modafinil: wake-promoting effects and pharmacokinetic profile in the rat","volume":"85","author":"Wisor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1177\/009127009903900312","article-title":"Open-label, single-dose pharmacokinetic study of modafinil tablets: influence of age and gender in normal subjects","volume":"39","author":"Wong","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1177\/00912709922007534","article-title":"A double-blind, placebo-controlled, ascending-dose evaluation of the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of modafinil tablets in healthy male volunteers","volume":"39","author":"Wong","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1017\/S146114570500516X","article-title":"A meta-analysis of neuropsychological change to clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone in schizophrenia","volume":"8","author":"Woodward","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."}],"container-title":["Schizophrenia Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S092099641100291X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S092099641100291X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T10:02:04Z","timestamp":1686132124000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S092099641100291X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S092099641100291X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2011.05.015","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.13148956.14480055","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0920-9964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0920-9964","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]}}}