{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:48:21Z","timestamp":1788871701336,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,4]],"date-time":"2014-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"NIMH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["N01MH90001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01MH90001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["schres-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Schizophrenia Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,26]],"date-time":"2014-02-26T03:30:19Z","timestamp":1393385419000},"page":"61-67","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["The relationship between suicide and violence in schizophrenia: Analysis of the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) dataset"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"Katrina","family":"Witt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Hawton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seena","family":"Fazel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s39","DOI":"10.1192\/S0007125000292581","article-title":"Assessing depression in schizophrenia: the Calgary Depression Scale","volume":"22","author":"Addington","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03321.x","article-title":"Anxiety, impulsivity and depressed mood in relation to suicidal and violent behavior","volume":"87","author":"Apter","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199507000-00015","article-title":"Correlation of suicidal and violent behavior in different diagnostic categories in hospitalized adolescent patients","volume":"34","author":"Apter","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0020","first-page":"127","article-title":"Homicidal behaviors among psychiatric outpatients","volume":"45","author":"Asnis","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hosp. Community Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01493.x","article-title":"Suicide and violence risk I. Relationship to coping styles","volume":"89","author":"Botsis","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36781","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036781","article-title":"The relationship between impulsive choice and impulsive action: a cross-species translational study","volume":"7","author":"Broos","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0035","series-title":"Antipsychotic Trials in Schizophrenia: The CATIE Project","article-title":"Extraprymidal side effects","author":"Caroff","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1990.tb06484.x","article-title":"Risk factors of suicide among schizophrenics","volume":"81","author":"Cheng","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1080\/14043850410000839","article-title":"Who is most at risk of becoming a convicted rapist? The likelihood of a rape conviction among the 1966 birth cohort in Denmark","volume":"6","author":"Christoffersen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Scand. Stud. Criminol. Crime Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2006.01044.x","article-title":"Schizophrenia, Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) and number needed to treat: how can CATIE inform clinicians","volume":"60","author":"Citrome","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.10.1701","article-title":"Violence, alcohol and completed suicide: a case\u2013control study","volume":"158","author":"Conner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0060","first-page":"429","article-title":"Predicting assaultiveness in psychiatric inpatients: a pilot study","volume":"39","author":"Convit","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hosp. Community Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0065","series-title":"Self-direction Violence Surveillance: Uniform Definitions and Recommended Data Elements","author":"Crosby","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(96)00003-7","article-title":"Anger and hostility in maritally violent men: conceptual distinctions, measurement issues, and literature review","volume":"17","author":"Eckhardt","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000120","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000120","article-title":"Schizophrenia and violence: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Fazel","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.675","article-title":"Schizophrenia, substance abuse and violent crime","volume":"301","author":"Fazel","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(90)90040-Y","article-title":"Violence and suicide risk assessment in the psychiatric emergency room","volume":"31","author":"Feinstein","year":"1990","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2002.00242.x","article-title":"Randomized controlled trials in schizophrenia: a critical perspective on the literature","volume":"105","author":"Gilbody","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199401000-00002","article-title":"Suicide risk and violence risk in alcoholics: predictors of aggressive risk","volume":"182","author":"Greenwald","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00127305","article-title":"A method for checking regression models in survival analysis based on the risk score","volume":"2","author":"Gr\u00f8nnesby","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lifetime Data Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0105","series-title":"Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology","author":"Guy","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.170.3.205","article-title":"Suicide as an outcome for mental disorders: a meta-analysis","volume":"170","author":"Harris","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.187.1.9","article-title":"Schizophrenia and suicide: systematic review of risk factors","volume":"187","author":"Hawton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-200012000-00019","article-title":"Selection bias in clinical trials with antipsychotics","volume":"20","author":"Hofer","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1097\/00131746-200605000-00002","article-title":"Suicide in schizophrenia: findings from a National Clinical Survey","volume":"12","author":"Hunt","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.503","article-title":"What makes a good predictor? The evidence applied to coronary artery calcium score","volume":"303","author":"Ioannidis","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261","article-title":"The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia","volume":"13","author":"Kay","year":"1987","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.175.5.462","article-title":"Violence, homicide and suicide: strong correlation and wide variation across districts","volume":"175","author":"Kennedy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0145","series-title":"Computer Appendix: Survival Analysis on the Computer Survival Analysis: A Self-learning Text","first-page":"525","author":"Kleinbaum","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370404900709","article-title":"Suicidal ideation in inpatients with acute schizophrenia","volume":"49","author":"Kontaxakis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/10401230591002156","article-title":"Suicide among patients with schizophrenia: a consideration of risk and protective factors","volume":"17","author":"Montross","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.11.055","article-title":"Usefulness of the addition of beta-2-microglobulin, cystatin C and C-reactive protein to an established risk factors model to improve mortality risk prediction in patients undergoing coronary angiography","volume":"111","author":"Nead","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0170","series-title":"The International Handbook of Suicide and Attempted Suicide","article-title":"Suicide and violence","author":"Nock","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.3.247","article-title":"The lifetime risk of suicide in schizophrenia: a reexamination","volume":"62","author":"Palmer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1802","article-title":"Overall C as a measure of discrimination in survival analysis: model specific population value and confidence interval estimation","volume":"23","author":"Pencina","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0185","series-title":"Antipsychotic Trials in Schizophrenia: The CATIE Project","article-title":"Family outcomes","author":"Perlick","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0190","series-title":"Biological Psychiatry 1985","article-title":"Suicide and violence in psychiatric patients","author":"Plutchik","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0195","series-title":"Antipsychotic Trials in Schizophrenia: The CATIE Project","article-title":"Study design and protocol development process","author":"Rosenheck","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X0600600105","article-title":"Explained variation for survival models","volume":"6","author":"Royston","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stata J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1621","article-title":"A new measure of prognostic separation in survival data","volume":"23","author":"Royston","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.10.1123","article-title":"A systematic review of mortality in schizophrenia: is the differential mortality gap worsening over time?","volume":"64","author":"Saha","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9450.2009.00771.x","article-title":"Anger and hostility from the perspective of the Big Five personality model","volume":"51","author":"Sanz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand. J. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1521\/suli.2009.39.3.343","article-title":"Risk factors for attempting suicide in prisoners","volume":"39","author":"Sarchiapone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Suicide Life Threat. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0225","series-title":"Stata Statistical Software: Release 11","author":"StataCorp","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a006986","article-title":"The National Institute of Mental Health Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) project: schizophrenia trial design and protocol development","volume":"29","author":"Stroup","year":"2003","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.4.611","article-title":"Effectiveness of olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and ziprasidone in patients with chronic schizophrenia following discontinuation of a previous atypical antipsychotic","volume":"163","author":"Stroup","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2008.10.011","article-title":"Results of phase 3 of the CATIE schizophrenia trial","volume":"107","author":"Stroup","year":"2009","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0240","series-title":"Antipsychotic Trials in Schizophrenia: The CATIE Project","article-title":"Study design and protocol development process","author":"Stroup","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2010.09.009","article-title":"Epidemiology of suicide attempts among persons with psychotic disorder in the general population","volume":"124","author":"Suokas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.5.490","article-title":"A national study of violent behavior in persons with schizophrenia","volume":"63","author":"Swanson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2008.59.5.500","article-title":"What CATIE found: results from the schizophrenia trial","volume":"59","author":"Swartz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Serv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1980.01780150054005","article-title":"Assault, suicide and mental illness","volume":"37","author":"Tardiff","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1980.tb00593.x","article-title":"Factors related to increased risk of assaultive behavior in suicidal patients","volume":"62","author":"Tardiff","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2008.09.009","article-title":"A systematic method for estimating individual responses to treatment with antipsychotics in CATIE","volume":"107","author":"van der Oord","year":"2009","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.110.3.462","article-title":"Psychopathy, antisocial personality, and suicide risk","volume":"110","author":"Verona","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.04.031","article-title":"Violent offending and IQ as predictors of suicide in schizophrenia: national cohort study","volume":"130","author":"Webb","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.01.001","article-title":"Behavioral models of impulsivity in relation to ADHD: translation between clinical and preclinical studies","volume":"26","author":"Winstanley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e55942","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055942","article-title":"Risk factors for violence in psychosis: systematic review and meta-regression analysis of 110 studies","volume":"8","author":"Witt","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/412947","article-title":"Evaluating the prognostic value of new cardiovascular biomarkers","volume":"26","author":"Wood","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dis. Markers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X09348200","article-title":"Prison inmates' suicidal ideation in China: a study of gender differences and their impact","volume":"54","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Offender Ther. Comp. Criminol."}],"container-title":["Schizophrenia Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0920996414000668?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0920996414000668?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,7]],"date-time":"2019-08-07T20:06:36Z","timestamp":1565208396000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0920996414000668"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0920996414000668"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0920-9964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0920-9964","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The relationship between suicide and violence in schizophrenia: Analysis of the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) dataset","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Schizophrenia Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2014.02.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}