{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T02:50:44Z","timestamp":1769309444309,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]],"date-time":"2018-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530403200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]],"date-time":"2018-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530403200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,25]],"date-time":"2019-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561420800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":359,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]],"date-time":"2018-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530403200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]],"date-time":"2018-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530403200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]],"date-time":"2018-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530403200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]],"date-time":"2018-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530403200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]],"date-time":"2018-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530403200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Schizophrenia Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,4]],"date-time":"2018-02-04T20:33:43Z","timestamp":1517776423000},"page":"544-549","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Demographic and socioenvironmental predictors of premorbid marijuana use among patients with first-episode psychosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"197","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7680-5532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Pauselli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Birnbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7256-8311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz Paulina","family":"V\u00e1zquez Jaime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6926-0255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Paolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary E.","family":"Kelley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beth","family":"Broussard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael T.","family":"Compton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2008.08.007","article-title":"Tobacco and cannabis co-occurrence: does route of administration matter?","volume":"99","author":"Agrawal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"issue":"7374","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7374.1212","article-title":"Cannabis use in adolescence and risk for adult psychosis: longitudinal prospective study","volume":"325","author":"Arseneault","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1159\/000092678","article-title":"Cannabis-induced psychosis-like experiences are associated with high schizotypy","volume":"39","author":"Barkus","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.108.049718","article-title":"Duration of untreated psychosis and social function: 1-year follow-up study of first-episode schizophrenia","volume":"193","author":"Barnes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715002494","article-title":"Differences in cannabis-related experiences between patients with a first episode of psychosis and controls","volume":"46","author":"Bianconi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0030","article-title":"Factor structure of the Cannabis Experiences Questionnaire in a first-episode psychosis sample","author":"Birnbaum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Early Interv. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20243","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress symptom severity predicts marijuana use coping motives among traumatic event-exposed marijuana users","volume":"20","author":"Bonn-Miller","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Trauma. Stress."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2011.08.009","article-title":"Marijuana use among traumatic event-exposed adolescents: posttraumatic stress symptom frequency predicts coping motivations for use","volume":"37","author":"Bujarski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2013.00128","article-title":"Pathways from cannabis to psychosis: a review of the evidence","volume":"4","author":"Burns","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(15)30193-0","article-title":"Long-term outcome in schizophrenia: a six-year follow-up in over 1000 patients","volume":"30","author":"Cahn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/8.3.470","article-title":"Measurement of premorbid adjustment in chronic schizophrenia","volume":"8","author":"Cannon-Spoor","year":"1982","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.09030311","article-title":"Association of pre-onset cannabis, alcohol, and tobacco use with age at onset of prodrome and age at onset of psychosis in first-episode patients","volume":"166","author":"Compton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"04","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291706009731","article-title":"Does normal developmental expression of psychosis combine with environmental risk to cause persistence of psychosis? A psychosis proneness\u2013persistence model","volume":"37","author":"Cougnard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.06.015","article-title":"Measuring trauma and stressful events in childhood and adolescence among patients with first-episode psychosis: initial factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Trauma Experiences Checklist","volume":"210","author":"Cristofaro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(01)00042-7","article-title":"Developmental traumatology: a contributory mechanism for alcohol and substance use disorders","volume":"27","author":"De Bellis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.02.010","article-title":"A meta-analysis of worldwide studies demonstrates an association between schizophrenia and tobacco smoking behaviors","volume":"76","author":"De Leon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.109.064220","article-title":"High potency cannabis and the risk of psychosis","volume":"195","author":"Di Forti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb1000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbt181","article-title":"Daily use, especially of high-potency cannabis, drives the earlier onset of psychosis in cannabis users","volume":"40","author":"Di Forti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizoph. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0090","series-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, Clinician Version (SCID-CV)","author":"First","year":"1996"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.1131","article-title":"Early cannabis use, polygenic risk score for schizophrenia and brain maturation in adolescence","volume":"72","author":"French","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3435","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714000531","article-title":"Associations of cannabis and cigarette use with psychotic experiences at age 18: findings from the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children","volume":"44","author":"Gage","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1037\/h0087634","article-title":"Comorbidity of substance use and post-traumatic stress disorders in a community sample of adolescents","volume":"70","author":"Giaconia","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthopsychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291709991966","article-title":"Cannabis use and childhood trauma interact additively to increase the risk of psychotic symptoms in adolescence","volume":"40","author":"Harley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.1858","article-title":"Prevalence of marijuana use disorders in the United States between 2001\u20132002 and 2012\u20132013","volume":"72","author":"Hasin","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1177\/002204260803800202","article-title":"The association between school performance at 14\u202fyears and young adults' use of cannabis: an Australian birth cohort study","volume":"38","author":"Hayatbakhsh","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Drug Issues"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbi027","article-title":"The environment and schizophrenia: the role of cannabis use","volume":"31","author":"Henquet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0001-690X.2003.00217.x","article-title":"Childhood abuse as a risk factor for psychotic experiences","volume":"109","author":"Janssen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.01.015","article-title":"Marijuana use in the immediate 5-year premorbid period is associated with increased risk of onset of schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders","volume":"171","author":"Kelley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0145","first-page":"47","article-title":"The self-medication hypothesis revisited: the dually diagnosed patient","volume":"10","author":"Khantzian","year":"2003","journal-title":"Primary Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbi060","article-title":"Schizophrenia and urbanicity: a major environmental influence - conditional on genetic risk","volume":"31","author":"Krabbendam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d738","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d738","article-title":"Continued cannabis use and risk of incidence and persistence of psychotic symptoms: 10\u202fyear follow-up cohort study","volume":"342","author":"Kuepper","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.5","article-title":"Cannabis use and earlier onset of psychosis: a systematic meta-analysis cannabis use and earlier onset of psychosis","volume":"68","author":"Large","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1159\/000439564","article-title":"The gateway hypothesis, common liability to addictions or the route of administration model? A modelling process linking the three theories","volume":"22","author":"Mayet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Addict. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3362.2009.00132.x","article-title":"An overview of systematic reviews on cannabis and psychosis: discussing apparently conflicting results","volume":"29","author":"Minozzi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2008.06.009","article-title":"Premorbid functioning of patients with first-episode nonaffective psychosis: a comparison of deterioration in academic and social performance, and clinical correlates of Premorbid Adjustment Scale scores","volume":"104","author":"Monte","year":"2008","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.60.6.845","article-title":"Comorbidity of schizophrenia and substance abuse: implications for treatment","volume":"60","author":"Mueser","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60394-4","article-title":"Cannabis use and treatment resistance in first episode psychosis: a natural language processing study","volume":"385","author":"Patel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5024","DOI":"10.2174\/138161212802884609","article-title":"Gene-environment interactions underlying the effect of cannabis in first episode psychosis","volume":"18","author":"Pelayo-Ter\u00e1n","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2010.04.018","article-title":"Overview and initial validation of two detailed, multidimensional, retrospective measures of substance use: the Lifetime Substance Use Recall (LSUR) and longitudinal substance use recall for 12 weeks (LSUR-12) instruments","volume":"45","author":"Ramsay","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.2307\/3090214","article-title":"Neighborhood disadvantage, disorder, and health","author":"Ross","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1080\/08897070903442699","article-title":"How is substance use linked to psychosis? A study of the course and patterns of substance dependence in psychosis","volume":"31","author":"Saddichha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Subst. Abus."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(82)90005-3","article-title":"The drug abuse screening test","volume":"7","author":"Skinner","year":"1982","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00683.x","article-title":"Cannabis use and the risk of later schizophrenia: a review","volume":"99","author":"Smit","year":"2004","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.11.009","article-title":"The impact of cannabis use on age of onset and clinical characteristics in first-episode psychotic patients. Data from the Psychosis Incident Cohort Outcome Study (PICOS)","volume":"47","author":"Tosato","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18356\/603a2a94-en","volume":"2016","author":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Drug Report"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0235","first-page":"892","article-title":"Patterns and predictors of substance use disorders and daily tobacco use in first-episode psychosis","volume":"39","author":"Wade","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2004.04.023","article-title":"Retrospective use of alcohol and other substances by college students: psychometric properties of a new measure","volume":"30","author":"Windle","year":"2005","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb1005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbq079","article-title":"The impact of cannabis use on cognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of existing findings and new data in a first-episode sample","volume":"38","author":"Y\u00fccel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.046375","article-title":"Effects of cannabis use on outcomes of psychotic disorders: systematic review","volume":"193","author":"Zammit","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Schizophrenia Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0920996418300422?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0920996418300422?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T18:50:38Z","timestamp":1720205438000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0920996418300422"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S0920996418300422"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020","relation":{},"ISSN":["0920-9964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0920-9964","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Demographic and socioenvironmental predictors of premorbid marijuana use among patients with first-episode psychosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Schizophrenia Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.020","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}