{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:53:09Z","timestamp":1790095989163,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Maudsley Charitable Fund"},{"name":"National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Specialist Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health"},{"name":"NIHR Maudsley BRC"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000874","name":"Brain & Behavior Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22604"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000874","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G1002366"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G1002366"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"MQ Fellows Award","award":["MQ14F40"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MQ14F40"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Schizophrenia Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]],"date-time":"2018-04-10T08:37:07Z","timestamp":1523349427000},"page":"51-57","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Interaction between childhood adversity and functional polymorphisms in the dopamine pathway on first-episode psychosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"205","author":[{"given":"Antonella","family":"Trotta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conrad","family":"Iyegbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Yiend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Dazzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony S.","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmine","family":"Pariante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Mondelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Colizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin M.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Di Forti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4174-2126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen L.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2012.03.001","article-title":"Childhood adversity and psychosis: examining whether the association is due to genetic confounding using a monozygotic twin differences approach","volume":"28","author":"Alemany","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbt065","article-title":"Life events and psychosis: a review and meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Beards","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0015","first-page":"11","article-title":"The Psychosis Screening Questionnaire","volume":"5","author":"Bebbington","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-014-0914-0","article-title":"From adversity to psychosis: pathways and mechanisms from specific adversities to specific symptoms","volume":"49","author":"Bentall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1348\/014466505X35344","article-title":"The Childhood Experiences of Care and Abuse Questionnaire (CECA.Q) \u2013 validation in a community series","volume":"44","author":"Bifulco","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Psychol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300542","article-title":"The catechol-O- methyltransferase polymorphism: relations to the tonic-phasic dopamine hypothesis and neuropsychiatric phenotypes","volume":"29","author":"Bilder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.11101562","article-title":"New schizophrenia loci may converge on the same cellular mechanism: the AKT pathway","volume":"169","author":"Bolog","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2004.03286.x","article-title":"Influence of early postnatal rearing conditions on mesocorticolimbic dopamine and behavioural responses to psychostimulants and stressors in adult rats","volume":"19","author":"Brake","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1089\/gtmb.2014.0111","article-title":"Subclinical psychotic experiences in healthy young adults: associations with stress and genetic predisposition","volume":"18","author":"Bruenig","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genet. Test. Mol. Biomarkers"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyn147","article-title":"Size matters: just how big is BIG?: quantifying realistic sample size requirements for human genome epidemiology","volume":"38","author":"Burton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"49","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16453","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3177-10.2010","article-title":"Mesolimbic dopamine neurons in the brain reward circuit mediate susceptibility to social defeat and antidepressant action","volume":"30","author":"Cao","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.01.026","article-title":"Moderation of the effect of adolescent-onset cannabis use on adult psychosis by a functional polymorphism in the catechol-O- methyltransferase gene: longitudinal evidence of a gene\u00d7environment interaction","volume":"57","author":"Caspi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1086\/425589","article-title":"Functional analysis of genetic variation in catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT): effects on mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity in postmortem human brain","volume":"75","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001519","article-title":"Variants in the catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) gene are associated with schizophrenia in Irish high-density families","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001778","article-title":"Genome-wide linkage scan in a large bipolar disorder sample from the National Institute of Mental Health genetics initiative suggests putative loci for bipolar disorder, psychosis, suicide, and panic disorder","volume":"11","author":"Cheng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbv032","article-title":"Interaction between functional genetic variation of DRD2 and cannabis use on risk of psychosis","volume":"41","author":"Colizzi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0085","article-title":"Interaction between DRD2 and AKT1 genetic variations on risk of psychosis in cannabis users: a case-control study","volume":"1","author":"Colizzi","year":"2015","journal-title":"NPJ Schizophr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbm163","article-title":"Does the concept of \u201csensitization\u201d provide a plausible mechanism for the putative link between the environment and schizophrenia?","volume":"34","author":"Collip","year":"2008","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780040112","article-title":"A Wilcoxon-type test for trend","volume":"4","author":"Cuzick","year":"1985","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00045-1","article-title":"Developmental traumatology part II: brain development","volume":"45","author":"De Bellis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)91557-W","article-title":"Prefrontal cortical dopamine depletion enhances the responsiveness of mesolimbic dopamine neurons to stress","volume":"521","author":"Deutch","year":"1990","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb2000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.06.020","article-title":"Confirmation that the AKT1 (rs2494732) genotype influences the risk of psychosis in cannabis users","volume":"72","author":"Di Forti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(14)00117-5","article-title":"Proportion of patients in south London with first-episode psychosis attributable to use of high potency cannabis: a case-control study","volume":"2","author":"Di Forti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.11020191","article-title":"A critical review of the first 10 years of candidate gene-by-environment interaction research in psychiatry","volume":"168","author":"Duncan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6917","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.111134598","article-title":"Effect of COMT Val108\/158 met genotype on frontal lobe function and risk for schizophrenia","volume":"98","author":"Egan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.06.005","article-title":"Adversity in childhood linked to elevated striatal dopamine function in adulthood","volume":"176","author":"Egerton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/164.4.1567","article-title":"Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data: linked loci and correlated allele frequencies","volume":"164","author":"Falush","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.10.018","article-title":"Catechol-O-methyltransferase gene Val\/Met functional polymorphism and risk of schizophrenia: a large-scale association study plus meta-analysis","volume":"57","author":"Fan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2009.85","article-title":"Recovering unused information in genome-wide association studies: the benefit of analysing SNPs out of Hardy\u2013Weinberg equilibrium","volume":"17","author":"Fardo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbp103","article-title":"Reliability and comparability of psychosis patients' retrospective reports of childhood abuse","volume":"37","author":"Fisher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2013.06.016","article-title":"The interaction of affective with psychotic processes: a test of the effects of worrying on working memory, jumping to conclusions, and anomalies of experience in patients with persecutory delusions","volume":"47","author":"Freeman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.08121873","article-title":"Roles of the Akt\/GSK-3 and Wnt signalling pathways in schizophrenia and antipsychotic drug action","volume":"167","author":"Freyberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1993.tb02168.x","article-title":"Evoked extracellular dopamine in vivo in the medial prefrontal cortex","volume":"61","author":"Garris","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2007.08.002","article-title":"Childhood neglect and parental care perception in cocaine addicts: relation with psychiatric symptoms and biological correlates","volume":"33","author":"Gerra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.3.469","article-title":"Association between a functional catechol-O-methyltransferase gene polymorphism and schizophrenia: meta-analysis of case-control and family-based studies","volume":"160","author":"Glatt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2007.07.007","article-title":"The Yin and Yang of dopamine release: a new perspective","volume":"53","author":"Goto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2396(199904)32:1<37::AID-SYN5>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"Maternal deprivation of neonatal rats produces enduring changes in dopamine function","volume":"32","author":"Hall","year":"1999","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001558","article-title":"Schizophrenia genes, gene expression, and neuropathology: on the matter of their convergence","volume":"10","author":"Harrison","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.5.592","article-title":"Pituitary-adrenal and autonomic responses to stress in women after sexual and physical abuse in childhood","volume":"284","author":"Heim","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156 160","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2008.01265.x","article-title":"COMT ValMet moderation of cannabis-induced psychosis: a momentary assessment study of \u2018switching on\u2019 hallucinations in the flow of daily life","volume":"119","author":"Henquet","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145704004122","article-title":"Pathways to schizophrenia: the impact of environmental factors","volume":"7","author":"Howes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2008.514","article-title":"Elevated striatal dopamine function linked to prodromal signs of schizophrenia","volume":"66","author":"Howes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.07.014","article-title":"The role of genes, stress, and dopamine in the development of schizophrenia","volume":"81","author":"Howes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.1.13","article-title":"Psychosis as a state of aberrant salience: a framework linking biology, phenomenology, and pharmacology in schizophrenia","volume":"160","author":"Kapur","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.2.286","article-title":"Clinical and theoretical implications of 5-HT2 and D2 receptor occupancy of clozapine, risperidone, and olanzapine in schizophrenia","volume":"156","author":"Kapur","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.01.003","article-title":"From dopamine to salience to psychosis\u2014linking biology, pharmacology and phenomenology of psychosis","volume":"79","author":"Kapur","year":"2005","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.12.015","article-title":"Genetic overlap between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a study with AKT1 gene variants and clinical phenotypes","volume":"135","author":"Karege","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dym157","article-title":"Estimating interaction on an additive scale between continuous determinants in a logistic regression model","volume":"36","author":"Knol","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0245","first-page":"520","article-title":"Gm3,5,13,14 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: an association in American Indians with genetic admixture","volume":"43","author":"Knowler","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1097\/00041444-199623000-00005","article-title":"Preferential transmission of the high activity allele of COMT in schizophrenia","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Genet."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(24)01423-6","article-title":"Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT): biochemistry, molecular biology, pharmacology, and clinical efficacy of the new selective COMT inhibitors","volume":"51","author":"Mannisto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1097\/YPG.0b013e32833a2234","article-title":"Genetic association of the AKT1 gene with schizophrenia in a British population","volume":"20","author":"Mathur","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Genet."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3552","article-title":"Integrative approaches for finding modular structure in biological networks","volume":"14","author":"Mitra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190110","article-title":"A complex network approach reveals a pivotal substructure of genes linked to schizophrenia","volume":"13","author":"Monaco","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00078-5","article-title":"The regulation of forebrain dopamine transmission: relevance to the pathophysiology and psychopathology of schizophrenia","volume":"46","author":"Moore","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20330","article-title":"Childhood adversities and psychosis: evidence, challenges, implications","volume":"15","author":"Morgan","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001664","article-title":"Lack of association of the COMT (Val158\/108 Met) gene and schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of case- control studies","volume":"10","author":"Munafo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0290","first-page":"221","article-title":"A functional polymorphism in the COMT gene moderates psychotic reactivity to stress","volume":"81","author":"Myin-Germeys","year":"2006","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12212","article-title":"Does social defeat mediate the association between childhood trauma and psychosis? Evidence from the NEMESIS-2 study","volume":"129","author":"van Nierop","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2007.02.006","article-title":"Association analysis of AKT1 and schizophrenia in a UK case control sample","volume":"93","author":"Norton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000589","article-title":"The role of stress in the pathophysiology of the dopaminergic system","volume":"5","author":"Pani","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2011.01806.x","article-title":"Evidence that interactive effects of COMT and MTHFR moderate psychotic response to environmental stress","volume":"125","author":"Peerbooms","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.253","article-title":"DRD2 co-expression network and a related polygenic index predict imaging, behavioral and clinical phenotypes linked to schizophrenia","volume":"7","author":"Pergola","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2825","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3422-03.2004","article-title":"Dopamine release in response to a psychological stress in humans and its relationship to early life maternal care: a positron emission tomography study using [11C]raclopride","volume":"24","author":"Pruessner","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2742","article-title":"Genome-wide association analysis identifies 13 new risk loci for schizophrenia","volume":"45","author":"Ripke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-009-9323-7","article-title":"Catechol-o-methyltransferase genotype and childhood trauma may interact to impact schizotypal personality traits","volume":"40","author":"Savitz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behav. Genet."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbt134","article-title":"The social defeat hypothesis of schizophrenia: an update","volume":"39","author":"Selten","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbm069","article-title":"Cumulative traumas and psychosis: an analysis of the national comorbidity survey and the British Psychiatric Morbidity Survey","volume":"34","author":"Shevlin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-183X.2008.00434.x","article-title":"Subtle gene-environment interactions driving paranoia in daily life","volume":"8","author":"Simons","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genes Brain Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-002-0589-9","article-title":"Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire (CECA.Q): validation of a screening instrument for childhood adversity in clinical populations","volume":"37","author":"Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0355","first-page":"187","article-title":"From degeneration to anticipation. Systematic and historical scientific aspects of the genetics of neuropsychiatric diseases","volume":"66","author":"Spitzer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nervenarzt"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291707001080","article-title":"COMT Val158Met moderation of stress-induced psychosis","volume":"37","author":"Stefanis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.06.005","article-title":"AKT1 is associated with schizophrenia across multiple symptom dimensions in the Irish study of high density schizophrenia families","volume":"63","author":"Thiselton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1192\/bjpo.bp.115.000158","article-title":"Familial risk and childhood adversity interplay in the onset of psychosis","volume":"1","author":"Trotta","year":"2015","journal-title":"BJPsych Open."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163319","article-title":"Interplay between schizophrenia polygenic risk scores and childhood adversity in first-presentation psychotic disorder: a pilot study","volume":"11","author":"Trotta","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.10.024","article-title":"Catechol-o- methyltransferase, cognition, and psychosis: Val158Met and beyond","volume":"60","author":"Tunbridge","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.07.020","article-title":"The effect of childhood maltreatment and cannabis use on adult psychotic symptoms is modified by the COMT Val158Met polymorphism","volume":"150","author":"Vinkers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114212","article-title":"Binomial regression in GLIM: estimating risk ratios and risk differences","volume":"123","author":"Wacholder","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.104.4.667","article-title":"Schizophrenia: a neural diathesis-stress model","volume":"104","author":"Walker","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.4.022007.141248","article-title":"Stress and the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis in the developmental course of schizophrenia","volume":"4","author":"Walker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.39.1.19","article-title":"Methylation pharmacogenetics: catechol-o-methyltransferase, thiopurine methyltransferase, and histamine n-methyltransferase","volume":"39","author":"Weinshilboum","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30559","article-title":"Evidence that the COMT (Val158Met) polymorphism moderates sensitivity to stress in psychosis: an experience sampling study","volume":"147B","author":"van Winkel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbn101","article-title":"Psychosocial stress and psychosis. A review of the neurobiological mechanisms and the evidence for gene-stress interaction","volume":"34","author":"van Winkel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2011.141","article-title":"Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) Investigators: AKT1 moderation of cannabis induced cognitive alterations in psychotic disorder","volume":"36","author":"van Winkel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1159\/000133262","article-title":"Mapping of human catechol-O-methyltransferase gene to 22q11.2 and detection of a frequent RFLP with BglI","volume":"59","author":"Winqvist","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cytogenet. Cell Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0440","series-title":"The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"1992"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3293-04.2005","article-title":"Influence of naturally occurring variations in maternal care on prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle and the medial prefrontal cortical dopamine response to stress in adult rats","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20552","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0707106104","article-title":"Polymorphisms in human dopamine D2 receptor gene affect gene expression, splicing, and neuronal activity during working memory","volume":"104","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."}],"container-title":["Schizophrenia Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0920996418301993?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0920996418301993?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T19:28:43Z","timestamp":1760297323000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0920996418301993"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"references-count":88,"alternative-id":["S0920996418301993"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0920-9964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0920-9964","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Interaction between childhood adversity and functional polymorphisms in the dopamine pathway on first-episode psychosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Schizophrenia Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2018.04.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}