{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:13:40Z","timestamp":1792455220920,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Yuli Hospital"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008903","name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YLH-IRP-10502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YLH-IRP-10502"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008903","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Schizophrenia Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,10]],"date-time":"2020-05-10T20:06:19Z","timestamp":1589141179000},"page":"375-381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Frailty affects employment outcomes in patients with schizophrenia in noncompetitive employment: A 4-year longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"222","author":[{"given":"San-Ping","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung-Der","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0055-4957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jer-Hao","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo-Jian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jen-Suh","family":"Chern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tso-Jen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0005","series-title":"Encyclopedia of Social Sciences Research Methods","first-page":"792","article-title":"Partial least squares (PLS) regression","author":"Abdi","year":"2003"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/61.6.589","article-title":"Low nutrient intake is an essential component of frailty in older persons","volume":"61","author":"Bartali","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0015","first-page":"345","article-title":"Employment outcomes for people with schizophrenia spectrum disorder: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"30","author":"Carmona","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.13075\/ijomeh.1896.00341","article-title":"Does employment promote the process of recovery from schizophrenia? A review of the existing evidence","volume":"28","author":"Charzynska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3148.2006.00318.x","article-title":"The quality of life of family caregivers of adults with intellectual disabilities in Taiwan","volume":"20","author":"Chou","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Appl. Res. Intellect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0030","first-page":"CD003080","article-title":"Vocational rehabilitation for people with severe mental illness","volume":"2","author":"Crowther","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2013.03.007","article-title":"Functional remission and employment among patients with schizophrenia in Malaysia","volume":"55","author":"Dahlan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1590\/s0080-623420160000700018","article-title":"Fall and its association with the frailty syndrome in the elderly: systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Fhon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Esc. Enferm. USP."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"Mini-mental state. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M146","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.M146","article-title":"Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype","volume":"56","author":"Fried","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0055","first-page":"52","article-title":"Chinese version and norms of the mini-mental state examination","author":"Guo","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-12-222","article-title":"Long-term healthcare costs and functional outcomes associated with lack of remission in schizophrenia: a post-hoc analysis of a prospective observational study","volume":"12","author":"Haynes","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2007.01.014","article-title":"Remission in prognosis of functional outcome: a new dimension in the treatment of patients with psychotic disorders","volume":"93","author":"Helldin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200620050-00004","article-title":"Mechanism of action of atypical antipsychotic drugs and the neurobiology of schizophrenia","volume":"20","author":"Horacek","year":"2006","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"Suppl. 14","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0075","first-page":"8","article-title":"Cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia: effects and treatment","volume":"68","author":"Keefe","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/9.3_Part_1.179","article-title":"Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living","volume":"9","author":"Lawton","year":"1969","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.13049su1c.02","article-title":"Measurements of response, remission, and recovery in schizophrenia and examples for their clinical application","volume":"75","author":"Leucht","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.3109\/11038128.2010.490879","article-title":"Influence of cognition and symptoms of schizophrenia on IADL performance","volume":"18","author":"Lipskaya","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand. J. Occup. Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0095","first-page":"469","article-title":"Factors discriminating employment status following in-patient evaluation among persons with schizophrenia","volume":"53","author":"Lipskaya-Velikovsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Work"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2017.06.001","article-title":"The role of experiential and expressive negative symptoms on job obtainment and work outcome in individuals with schizophrenia","volume":"192","author":"Llerena","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2013.12.011","article-title":"Predictors of symptomatic remission in patients with first-episode schizophrenia: a 16years follow-up study","volume":"55","author":"Marchesi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2016-2128","article-title":"Schizophrenia and work: aspects related to job acquisition in a follow-up study","volume":"40","author":"Martini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Braz. J. Psychiatry."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2016-104103","article-title":"Frailty, prefrailty and employment outcomes in Health and Employment After Fifty (HEAF) Study","volume":"74","author":"Palmer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq433","article-title":"Updating and validating the Charlson comorbidity index and score for risk adjustment in hospital discharge abstracts using data from 6 countries","volume":"173","author":"Quan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.02.038","article-title":"Prognosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorder may not be predetermined during early development\u2013the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966","volume":"173","author":"Rautio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.08.006","article-title":"Predictors of employment in schizophrenia: the importance of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation","volume":"176","author":"Reddy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.140.1.41","article-title":"The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale: its use in a community sample","volume":"140","author":"Roberts","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.163.3.411","article-title":"Barriers to employment for people with schizophrenia","volume":"163","author":"Rosenheck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0145","series-title":"Kaplan & Sadock\u2019s Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry","author":"Sadock","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schinkel-Ivy, A., Mosca, I., Mansfield, A., 2017. Factors contributing to unexpected retirement and unemployment in adults over 50 years old in Ireland. Gerontol. Geriatr. Med. 3, 2333721417722709.","DOI":"10.1177\/2333721417722709"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1080\/0361073X.2013.808109","article-title":"Psychometric limitations of the mini-mental state examination among nondemented older adults: an evaluation of neurocognitive and magnetic resonance imaging correlates","volume":"39","author":"Spencer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Aging Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2018.07.009","article-title":"Estimate dynamic changes of dysfunction and lifelong spent for psychiatric care needs in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"54","author":"Su","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.01.023","article-title":"Association between frailty and its individual components with the risk of falls in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders","volume":"197","author":"Tsai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0170","first-page":"495","article-title":"Review on vocational predictors: a systematic review of predictors of vocational outcomes among individuals with schizophrenia: an update since 1998","volume":"44","author":"Tsang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.11.013","article-title":"Remission after first-episode schizophrenia: results of a long-term follow-up","volume":"189","author":"Ucok","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2339","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S87335","article-title":"Predicting functional remission in patients with schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study of symptomatic remission, psychosocial remission, functioning, and clinical outcome","volume":"11","author":"Valencia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vermeiren, S., Vella-Azzopardi, R., Beckwee, D., Habbig, A.K., Scafoglieri, A., Jansen, B., Bautmans, I., Gerontopole Brussels Study, g., 2016. Frailty and the prediction of negative health outcomes: a meta-analysis. J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc. 17 (12), 1163 e1161\u20131163 e1117.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2016.09.010"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.01.036","article-title":"Validation of the Taiwanese mandarin version of the personal and social performance scale in a sample of 655 stable schizophrenic patients","volume":"146","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."}],"container-title":["Schizophrenia Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0920996420302334?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0920996420302334?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T19:43:12Z","timestamp":1760298192000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0920996420302334"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S0920996420302334"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026","relation":{},"ISSN":["0920-9964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0920-9964","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Frailty affects employment outcomes in patients with schizophrenia in noncompetitive employment: A 4-year longitudinal study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Schizophrenia Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.026","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}