{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T23:05:26Z","timestamp":1793142326525,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Schizophrenia Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T01:41:02Z","timestamp":1668735662000},"page":"194-207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Brain mechanisms underlying catatonia: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"263","author":[{"given":"Giulia","family":"Cattarinussi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessio A.","family":"Gugliotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dusan","family":"Hirjak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Sambataro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0005","article-title":"Treatment of acute agitation associated with excited catatonia using dexmedetomidine: case series and literature review","author":"Almeida","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prim. Care Companion CNS Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2003.04.001","article-title":"The role of emotion in decision-making: evidence from neurological patients with orbitofrontal damage","volume":"55","author":"Bechara","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Cogn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2402731","article-title":"Catatonia secondary to sudden clozapine withdrawal: a case with three repeated episodes and a literature review","volume":"2017","author":"Bilbily","year":"2017","journal-title":"Case Rep. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12568","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1608819113","article-title":"Dynamic brain network reconfiguration as a potential schizophrenia genetic risk mechanism modulated by NMDA receptor function","volume":"113","author":"Braun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1996.tb09814.x","article-title":"Catatonia. I. Rating scale and standardized examination","volume":"93","author":"Bush","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.195.3.272","article-title":"Psychosis and catatonia as a first presentation of antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"195","author":"Cardinal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900013365","article-title":"The universal field hypothesis of catatonia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Carroll","year":"2000","journal-title":"CNS Spectr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.2007.19.4.406","article-title":"Review of adjunctive glutamate antagonist therapy in the treatment of catatonic syndromes","volume":"19","author":"Carroll","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0045","unstructured":"Cattarinussi G., di Giorgio A., Moretti F., Bondi E., Sambataro F., n.d. Dynamic Functional Connectivity in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: a review of the evidence and associations with psychopathological features."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0050","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5TM","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.05.016","article-title":"A cerebellar-thalamocortical pathway drives behavioral context-dependent movement initiation","volume":"109","author":"Dacre","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.05.016","article-title":"A cerebellar-thalamocortical pathway drives behavioral context-dependent movement initiation","volume":"109","author":"Dacre","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(96)00102-8","article-title":"Presynaptic dopaminergic function in the striatum of schizophrenic patients","volume":"23","author":"Dao-Castellana","year":"1997","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0070","series-title":"L\u2019Enc\u00e9phale: Revue de psychiatrie clinique biologique et th\u00e9rapeutique","first-page":"97","article-title":"La catatonie exp\u00e9rimentale par la bulbocapnine et le syndrome catatonique chez l\u2019homme. [Experimental catatonia induced by bulbocapnin and the catatonic syndrome in man.]","volume":"25","author":"De Jong","year":"1930"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.05.012","article-title":"Cognitive motor impairments and brain structure in schizophrenia spectrum disorder patients with a history of catatonia","volume":"222","author":"Dean","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-15188","article-title":"Benzodiazepine withdrawal - induced catatonia","volume":"34","author":"Deuschle","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0085","series-title":"Clinical and Cerebral Blood Flow Changes in Catatonic Patients Treated With ECT","author":"Escobar","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12038","article-title":"Rediscovering catatonia: the biography of a treatable syndrome","volume":"127","author":"Fink","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0095","series-title":"Catatonia","first-page":"147","article-title":"Management of catatonia today","author":"Fink","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2018.03.008","article-title":"A double dissociation between two psychotic phenotypes: periodic catatonia and cataphasia","volume":"86","author":"Foucher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1159\/000501830","article-title":"A brain imaging-based diagnostic biomarker for periodic catatonia: preliminary evidence using a Bayesian approach","volume":"79","author":"Foucher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2021.11.008","article-title":"The polysemous concepts of psychomotricity and catatonia: a European multi-consensus perspective","author":"Foucher","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2006.00274.x","article-title":"Fronto-temporal function may distinguish bipolar disorder from schizophrenia","volume":"8","author":"Frangou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2017-224017","article-title":"Temporal glioblastoma presenting as catatonia","volume":"12","author":"Franssen","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-021-01132-0","article-title":"The role of prefrontal cortex in cognitive control and executive function","author":"Friedman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.09.025","article-title":"Brainstem alterations contribute to catatonia in schizophrenia spectrum disorders","volume":"224","author":"Fritze","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0135","article-title":"Structural alterations of amygdala and hypothalamus contribute to catatonia","author":"Fritze","year":"2022","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0140","first-page":"312","article-title":"Whole-brain functional connectivity dynamics associated with electroconvulsive therapy treatment response","volume":"7","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry Cogn. Neurosci. Neuroimaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.1993.tb01812.x","article-title":"Transient unilateral catalepsy and right parietal damage","volume":"47","author":"Fukutake","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00045167","article-title":"Supplementary motor area structure and function: review and hypotheses","volume":"8","author":"Goldberg","year":"1985","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2021.106908","article-title":"Brain MRI volumetric changes in the follow-up of patients with anti-NMDAr encephalitis","volume":"209","author":"Gomez-Figueroa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720001853","article-title":"Brain imaging in catatonia: systematic review and directions for future research","author":"Haroche","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcp.2017.05.004","article-title":"Trastornos psiqui\u00e1tricos secundarios a enfermedades neurometab\u00f3licas","volume":"47","author":"Herrera","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Colomb. Psiquiatr. (Engl. )"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91801-9","article-title":"Presynaptic dopamine function in striatum of neuroleptic-naive schizophrenic patients","volume":"346","author":"Hietala","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(98)00113-3","article-title":"Depressive symptoms and presynaptic dopamine function in neuroleptic-naive schizophrenia","volume":"35","author":"Hietala","year":"1999","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2015.10.022","article-title":"Motor dysfunction within the schizophrenia-spectrum: a dimensional step towards an underappreciated domain","author":"Hirjak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sby192","article-title":"Cortical contributions to distinct symptom dimensions of catatonia","volume":"45","author":"Hirjak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0190","first-page":"272","article-title":"Going back to Kahlbaum's psychomotor (and GABAergic) origins: is catatonia more than just a motor and dopaminergic syndrome?","volume":"46","author":"Hirjak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbz042","article-title":"Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging data fusion reveals distinct patterns of abnormal brain structure and function in catatonia","volume":"46","author":"Hirjak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0200","article-title":"The origins of catatonia \u2013 systematic review of historical texts between 1800 and 1900","author":"Hirjak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2939","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac196","article-title":"Catatonia: looking back and moving forward","volume":"145","author":"Hirjak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac196","article-title":"Catatonia: looking back and moving forward","author":"Hirjak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.21070181","article-title":"Clinical neuroimaging findings in catatonia: neuroradiological reports of MRI scans of psychiatric inpatients with and without catatonia","author":"Jeyaventhan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci9020031","article-title":"Missed diagnosis of major depressive disorder with catatonia features","volume":"9","author":"Jhawer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1080\/00332747.1999.11024862","article-title":"Frontal lobe psychopathology: mania, depression, confabulation, catatonia, perseveration, obsessive compulsions, and schizophrenia","volume":"62","author":"Joseph","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0230","series-title":"Die Katatonie oder das Spannungsirresein. Berlin","author":"Kahlbaum","year":"1874"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/0957154X070180020602","article-title":"\u201cThe clinico-diagnostic perspective in psychopathology\u201d by K. Kahlbaum","author":"Kahlbaum","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hist Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2019.08.007","article-title":"A metabolic brain pattern associated with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis","volume":"61","author":"Kerik-Rotenberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.55729","article-title":"Axonal mechanisms mediating g-aminobutyric acid receptor type a (GABA-A) inhibition of striatal dopamine release","volume":"9","author":"Kramer","year":"2020","journal-title":"elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-018-0192-9","article-title":"Review of withdrawal catatonia: what does this reveal about clozapine?","volume":"8","author":"Lander","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1007\/s007020170043","article-title":"Disturbed neural circuits in a subtype of chronic catatonic schizophrenia demonstrated by F-18-FDG-PET and F-18-DOPA-PET","volume":"108","author":"Lauer","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00092","article-title":"Fronto-temporal connectivity predicts ECT outcome in major depression","volume":"9","author":"Leaver","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2017.00014","article-title":"Risperidone effects on brain dynamic connectivity-a prospective resting-state fMRI study in Schizophrenia","volume":"8","author":"Lottman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.878173","article-title":"The incidence of catatonia diagnosis among pediatric patients discharged from general hospitals in the United States: a kids\u2019 inpatient database study","volume":"13","author":"Luccarelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12348","article-title":"Catatonia in 26 patients with bipolar disorder: clinical features and response to electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"17","author":"Medda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbx087","article-title":"What can different motor circuits tell us about psychosis? An RDoC perspective","volume":"43","author":"Mittal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0285","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ (Online)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-015-4894-4","article-title":"Sensorimotor dysfunctions as primary features of autism spectrum disorders","author":"Mosconi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. China Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.111.4.984","article-title":"\u201cScared stiff\u201d: catatonia as an evolutionary-based fear response","author":"Moskowitz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2020.10.004","article-title":"Reduced functional connectivity in the prefrontal cortex of elderly catatonia patients: a longitudinal study using functional near-infrared spectroscopy","volume":"170","author":"Nakamura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2017.01.004","article-title":"First reported cases of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in Vietnamese adolescents and adults","volume":"373","author":"Nguyen Thi Hoang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900013377","article-title":"Brain imaging in catatonia: current findings and a pathophysiologic model","volume":"5","author":"Northoff","year":"2000","journal-title":"CNS Spectr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X02000109","article-title":"What catatonia can tell us about \u201ctop-down modulation\u201d: a neuropsychiatric hypothesis","volume":"25","author":"Northoff","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X02000109","article-title":"What catatonia can tell us about \u201ctop-down modulation\u201d: a neuropsychiatric hypothesis","volume":"25","author":"Northoff","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02246093","article-title":"Catatonia: short-term response to lorazepam and dopaminergic metabolism","volume":"122","author":"Northoff","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870100510","article-title":"Ball experiments in 32 acute akinetic catatonic patients: deficits of internal initiation and generation of movements","volume":"10","author":"Northoff","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb5000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-0814-5","article-title":"All roads lead to the motor cortex: psychomotor mechanisms and their biochemical modulation in psychiatric disorders","volume":"26","author":"Northoff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0335","series-title":"Psychological Medicine","article-title":"Reduced activation and altered laterality in two neuroleptic-naive catatonic patients during a motor task in functional MRI","author":"Northoff","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(199905)14:3<404::AID-MDS1004>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"Catatonia as a psychomotor syndrome: a rating scale and extrapyramidal motor symptoms","volume":"14","author":"Northoff","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.67.4.445","article-title":"Decreased density of GABA-A receptors in the left sensorimotor cortex in akinetic catatonia: investigation of in vivo benzodiazepine receptor binding","volume":"67","author":"Northoff","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291799002007","article-title":"Right lower prefronto-parietal cortical dysfunction in akinetic catatonia\u202f: a combined study of neuropsychology and regional cerebral blood flow","volume":"30","author":"Northoff","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1080\/15294145.2002.10773394","article-title":"Orbitofrontal cortical dysfunction and \u201csensori-motor regression\u201d: a combined study of fMRI and personal constructs in catatonia","volume":"4","author":"Northoff","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropsychoanalysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007088","article-title":"Orbitofrontal cortical dysfunction in akinetic catatonia: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study during negative emotional stimulation","volume":"30","author":"Northoff","year":"2004","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2020.06.005","article-title":"Spatiotemporal neuroscience \u2013 what is it and why we need it","author":"Northoff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys Life Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0370","article-title":"Resting state functional connectivity and structural abnormalities of the brain in acute retarded catatonia: an exploratory MRI study","author":"Parekh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2013.00056","article-title":"Cognitive control of movement via the cerebellar-recipient thalamus","author":"Prevosto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.1084","article-title":"Lorazepam modulates orbitofrontal signal changes during emotional processing in catatonia","volume":"25","author":"Richter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30190-7","article-title":"Catatonia and the immune system: a review","volume":"6","author":"Rogers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.10.2.237","article-title":"Organic catatonia following frontal lobe injury: response to clozapine","volume":"10","author":"Rommel","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199608000-00007","article-title":"Catatonia after benzodiazepine withdrawal","volume":"16","author":"Rosebush","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.43.2.185","article-title":"Catatonia with frontal lobe atrophy","volume":"43","author":"Ruff","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6087","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25671","article-title":"Intrinsic neural network dynamics in catatonia","volume":"42","author":"Sambataro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459008987178","article-title":"The relationship of negative schizophrenia to parkinsonism","volume":"55","author":"Sandyk","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4927(93)90001-X","article-title":"Regional cerebral blood flow in catatonic schizophrenia","volume":"50","author":"Satoh","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.08.005","article-title":"Cerebral network deficits in post-acute catatonic schizophrenic patients measured by fMRI","volume":"43","author":"Scheuerecker","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics3030037","article-title":"Recognizing catatonia in medically hospitalized older adults: why it matters","volume":"3","author":"Serra-Mestres","year":"2018","journal-title":"Geriatrics (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4927(97)00064-4","article-title":"Multiple regression analysis of relationship between frontal lobe phosphorus metabolism and clinical symptoms in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"76","author":"Shioiri","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.02.012","article-title":"Measuring catatonia: a systematic review of rating scales","author":"Sienaert","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2014.00181","article-title":"A clinical review of the treatment of catatonia","author":"Sienaert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0445","series-title":"Catatonic Disorder Due to a General Medical or Psychiatric Condition","author":"Smith","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbx157","article-title":"Prevalence of catatonia and its moderators in clinical samples: results from a meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis","volume":"44","author":"Solmi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.10.051","article-title":"Three-way (N-way) fusion of brain imaging data based on mCCA+jICA and its application to discriminating schizophrenia","volume":"66","author":"Sui","year":"2013","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbz046","article-title":"The fragile brain: stress vulnerability, negative affect and gabaergic neurocircuits in psychosis","author":"Taylor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11466","article-title":"Dopaminergic neurons inhibit striatal output through non-canonical release of GABA","volume":"490","author":"Tritsch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000433","article-title":"The use of lorazepam and electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of catatonia: treatment characteristics and outcomes in 60 patients","volume":"33","author":"Unal","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. ECT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01515.x","article-title":"Benzodiazepines in the treatment of catatonic syndrome","volume":"89","author":"Ungvari","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23021","article-title":"Desynchronization of fronto-temporal networks during working memory processing in autism","volume":"37","author":"Urbain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1159\/000339456","article-title":"Motor symptoms and schizophrenia","volume":"66","author":"Walther","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852916000274","article-title":"Catatonia","volume":"21","author":"Walther","year":"2016","journal-title":"CNS Spectr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0495","first-page":"972","article-title":"Resting-state hyperperfusion of the supplementary motor area in catatonia","volume":"43","author":"Walther","year":"2017","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbx091","article-title":"Aberrant hyperconnectivity in the motor system at rest is linked to motor abnormalities in schizophrenia spectrum disorders","volume":"43","author":"Walther","year":"2017","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30474-7","article-title":"Structure and neural mechanisms of catatonia","author":"Walther","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2020.07.003","article-title":"Movement disorder and sensorimotor abnormalities in schizophrenia and other psychoses - european consensus on assessment and perspectives","author":"Walther","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.12.036","article-title":"The diagnostic criteria and structure of catatonia","volume":"164","author":"Wilson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0520","series-title":"ICD-10: International Classification of Diseases (10th Revision)","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0525","series-title":"ICD-11: International Classification of Diseases (11th Revision)","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1080\/15504263.2021.2016342","article-title":"Catatonic episodes related to substance use: a cross-sectional study using electronic healthcare records","volume":"18","author":"Yeoh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dual Diagn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01398-4","article-title":"Dynamic functional connectivity and its anatomical substrate reveal treatment outcome in first-episode drug-na\u00efve schizophrenia","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Schizophrenia Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0920996422004078?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0920996422004078?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T19:54:27Z","timestamp":1760298867000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0920996422004078"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":108,"alternative-id":["S0920996422004078"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0920-9964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0920-9964","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Brain mechanisms underlying catatonia: A systematic review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Schizophrenia Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}