{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:54:44Z","timestamp":1760316884923,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":336,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Schizophrenia Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T05:25:55Z","timestamp":1698816355000},"page":"21-29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Reshaping the diagnostic borders: Historical analysis of the diagnostic changes following the introduction of the schizophrenia concept"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"262","author":[{"given":"Julie M.E.","family":"Clauss-Kobayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Bonah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Danion-Grilliat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Scarfone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jack R.","family":"Foucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabrice","family":"Berna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1819.1999.00584.x","article-title":"Dementia praecox to schizophrenia: the first 100 years","volume":"53","author":"Adityanjee","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"year":"2009","series-title":"Mad, Bad and Sad: A History of Women and the Mind Doctors From 1800 to the Present","author":"Appignanesi","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0015","first-page":"111","article-title":"Schizophrenia: a conceptual history","volume":"3","author":"Berrios","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychol. Psychol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(80)90093-0","article-title":"Pseudopsychosis: a reexamination of the concept of hysterical psychosis","volume":"21","author":"Bishop","year":"1980","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"year":"1911","series-title":"Dementia praecox oder Gruppe der Schizophrenien, in: Handbuch Der Psychiatrie","author":"Bleuler","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0030","first-page":"1","article-title":"Charles Pfersdorff","author":"Buhecker","year":"1955","journal-title":"Cah. Psychiatr."},{"year":"2015","series-title":"A Diagnostic Inventory as a Tool to Identify and Analyse the Introduction of the Notion of Schizophrenia in the University Psychiatric Clinic of Strasbourg (1912\u20131962)","author":"Clauss","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0035"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371205700804","article-title":"On the self-stigma of mental illness: stages, disclosure, and strategies for change","volume":"57","author":"Corrigan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can. J Psychiatr. Rev. Can. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2013.15.2\/macrocq","article-title":"Milestones in the history of personality disorders","volume":"15","author":"Crocq","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbaa181","article-title":"Self-stigma in serious mental illness: a systematic review of frequency, correlates, and consequences","volume":"47","author":"Dubreucq","year":"2021","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbp059","article-title":"Catatonia is not schizophrenia: Kraepelin\u2019s error and the need to recognize catatonia as an independent syndrome in medical nomenclature","volume":"36","author":"Fink","year":"2010","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2020.22.1\/jfoucher","article-title":"Wernicke-Kleist-Leonhard phenotypes of endogenous psychoses: a review of their validity","volume":"22","author":"Foucher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2021.11.008","article-title":"The polysemous concepts of psychomotricity and catatonia: a European multi-consensus perspective","volume":"56","author":"Foucher","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. J. Eur. Coll. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"year":"2018","series-title":"Schizophrenics in the 20th Century. The Side Effects of History","author":"Guillemain","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0070"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.142.6.547","article-title":"The concept of schizophrenia. Kraepelin-Bleuler-Schneider","volume":"142","author":"Hoenig","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry J. Ment. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1159\/000337174","article-title":"Eugen Bleuler\u2019s concept of schizophrenia and its relevance to present-day psychiatry","volume":"66","author":"Hoff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09552","article-title":"Rethinking schizophrenia","volume":"468","author":"Insel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2010.12.3\/ajablensky","article-title":"The diagnostic concept of schizophrenia: its history, evolution, and future prospects","volume":"12","author":"Jablensky","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/11.4.538","article-title":"Diagnostic approaches to schizotypal personality disorder: a historical perspective","volume":"11","author":"Kendler","year":"1985","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0411-7","article-title":"The development of Kraepelin\u2019s mature diagnostic concept of hebephrenia: a close reading of relevant texts of Hecker, Daraszkiewicz, and Kraepelin","volume":"25","author":"Kendler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbz101","article-title":"The development of Kraepelin\u2019s mature diagnostic concept of catatonic dementia praecox: a close reading of relevant texts","volume":"46","author":"Kendler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.1266","article-title":"The development of Kraepelin\u2019s concept of dementia praecox: a close reading of relevant texts","volume":"77","author":"Kendler","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.12.200","article-title":"Kraepelin\u2019s final views on manic-depressive illness","volume":"282","author":"Kendler","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbaa177","article-title":"Kraepelin\u2019s final views on dementia praecox","volume":"47","author":"Kendler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/7.4.594","article-title":"Nosology of paranoid schizophrenia and other paranoid psychoses","volume":"7","author":"Kendler","year":"1981","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.136.5.421","article-title":"The syndrome of schizophrenia: unresolved questions and opportunities for research","volume":"136","author":"Kety","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry J. Ment. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20730","article-title":"Validity and utility of hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology (HiTOP): I. Psychosis superspectrum. World psychiatry off","volume":"19","author":"Kotov","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. World Psychiatr. Assoc. WPA"},{"year":"1893","series-title":"Psychiatrie: Ein kurzes Lehrbuch f\u00fcr Studierende un Aerzte","author":"Kraepelin","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0140"},{"year":"1899","series-title":"Psychiatrie: Ein Lehrbuch f\u00fcr Studierende und Aerzte","author":"Kraepelin","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0145"},{"year":"1909","series-title":"Psychiatrie: Ein Lehrbuch f\u00fcr studierende und Aerzte","author":"Kraepelin","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0150"},{"year":"1919","series-title":"Dementia Praecox and Paraphrenia","author":"Kraepelin","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0155"},{"year":"1921","series-title":"Einf\u00fchrung in die Psychiatrische Klinik","author":"Kraepelin","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0160"},{"year":"1989","series-title":"Professor Charles Pfersdorff (1875\u20131953): The Figure, the Psychiatrist","author":"Lafargue","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0165"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1177\/0957154X14546606","article-title":"The birth of schizophrenia or a very modern Bleuler: a close reading of Eugen Bleuler\u2019s \u201cDie Prognose der Dementia praecox\u201d and a re-consideration of his contribution to psychiatry","volume":"25","author":"Maatz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hist. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbr016","article-title":"Eugen Bleuler\u2019s dementia praecox or the group of schizophrenias (1911): a centenary appreciation and reconsideration","volume":"37","author":"Moskowitz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"year":"1904","series-title":"Remissionen der Dementia praecox","author":"Pfersdorff","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0180"},{"year":"1908","series-title":"Prognose der Dementia praecox","author":"Pfersdorff","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0185"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1980.01780250069008","article-title":"The role of the term schizophrenia in the decline of diagnoses of multiple personality","volume":"37","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"year":"1987","series-title":"The Female Malady: Women, Madness and English Culture, 1830\u20131980","author":"Showalter","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0195"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.123.8.996","article-title":"Bleuler\u2019s concept of schizophrenia: a confusing heritage","volume":"123","author":"Stierlin","year":"1967","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1159\/000485221","article-title":"Systems neuroscience of psychosis: mapping schizophrenia symptoms onto brain systems","volume":"75","author":"Strik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.02.024","article-title":"Reinventing schizophrenia. Updating the construct","volume":"242","author":"Tandon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30474-7","article-title":"Structure and neural mechanisms of catatonia","volume":"6","author":"Walther","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112950","article-title":"The impact of illness identity on recovery from severe mental illness: a review of the evidence","volume":"288","author":"Yanos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."}],"container-title":["Schizophrenia Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S092099642300381X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S092099642300381X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T19:53:16Z","timestamp":1760298796000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S092099642300381X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S092099642300381X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020","relation":{},"ISSN":["0920-9964"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0920-9964"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Reshaping the diagnostic borders: Historical analysis of the diagnostic changes following the introduction of the schizophrenia concept","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Schizophrenia Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2023.10.020","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}