{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T03:01:06Z","timestamp":1787454066106,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003248","name":"Ontario Mental Health Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003248","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018679","name":"HLS Therapeutics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018679","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOP-142493"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP-142493"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOP-141968"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP-141968"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Schizophrenia Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T20:14:39Z","timestamp":1715976879000},"page":"103-113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Elevated intrinsic cortical curvature in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: Evidence of structural deformation in functional connectivity areas and comparison with alternate indices of structure"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"269","author":[{"given":"Edgardo","family":"Torres-Carmona","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumihiko","family":"Ueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Iwata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinichiro","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianmeng","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanna","family":"Mar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Abdolizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sri Mahavir","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"de Luca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Remington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Gerretsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariel","family":"Graff-Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.10.047","article-title":"Resting-state functional connectivity alterations in the default network of schizophrenia patients with persistent auditory verbal hallucinations","volume":"161","author":"Alonso-Solis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0010","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyv016","article-title":"Extensive gray matter volume reduction in treatment-resistant schizophrenia","volume":"18","author":"Anderson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.028","article-title":"Mapping cortical surface features in treatment resistant schizophrenia with in vivo structural MRI","volume":"274","author":"Barry","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2010.06.013","article-title":"Neural markers of remission in first-episode schizophrenia: a volumetric neuroimaging study of the hippocampus and amygdala","volume":"122","author":"Bodnar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0030","first-page":"28","article-title":"The clinical global impressions scale: applying a research tool in clinical practice","volume":"4","author":"Busner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry (Edgmont)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.08.049","article-title":"Cortical folding abnormalities in schizophrenia patients with resistant auditory hallucinations","volume":"39","author":"Cachia","year":"2008","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2019.07.020","article-title":"Resting-state functional connectivity in treatment response and resistance in schizophrenia: a systematic review","volume":"211","author":"Chan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-006-9062-8","article-title":"Glutamate and schizophrenia: beyond the dopamine hypothesis","volume":"26","author":"Coyle","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0395","article-title":"Cortical surface-based analysis: I. Segmentation and surface reconstruction","volume":"9","author":"Dale","year":"1999","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.009","article-title":"Review of longitudinal functional neuroimaging studies of drug treatments in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"78","author":"Davis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1989.tb07257.x","article-title":"Frontal cortical and left temporal glutamatergic dysfunction in schizophrenia","volume":"52","author":"Deakin","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717000435","article-title":"Antipsychotic treatment resistance in first-episode psychosis: prevalence, subtypes and predictors","volume":"47","author":"Demjaha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.02.012","article-title":"Increased cortical curvature reflects white matter atrophy in individual patients with early multiple sclerosis","volume":"6","author":"Deppe","year":"2014","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021","article-title":"An automated labeling system for subdividing the human cerebral cortex on MRI scans into gyral based regions of interest","volume":"31","author":"Desikan","year":"2006","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0080","series-title":"A Revised Excitotoxic Hypothesis of Schizophrenia: Therapeutic Implications: Clinical Neuropharmacology","first-page":"43","volume":"24","author":"Deutsch","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1038\/385313a0","article-title":"A tension-based theory of morphogenesis and compact wiring in the central nervous system","volume":"385","author":"Essen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.13486","article-title":"Association of cortical thickness and cognition with schizophrenia treatment resistance","volume":"77","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11050","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.200033797","article-title":"Measuring the thickness of the human cerebral cortex from magnetic resonance images","volume":"97","author":"Fischl","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0193(1999)8:4<272::AID-HBM10>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"High-resolution intersubject averaging and a coordinate system for the cortical surface","volume":"8","author":"Fischl","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1109\/42.906426","article-title":"Automated manifold surgery: constructing geometrically accurate and topologically correct models of the human cerebral cortex","volume":"20","author":"Fischl","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Med. Imag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.016","article-title":"Sequence-independent segmentation of magnetic resonance images","volume":"23","author":"Fischl","year":"2004","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhg087","article-title":"Automatically parcellating the human cerebral cortex","volume":"14","author":"Fischl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3653","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-017-1424-0","article-title":"Healthy cortical development through adolescence and early adulthood","volume":"222","author":"Forde","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.11.028","article-title":"Profiling cognitive impairment in treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients","volume":"235","author":"Frydecka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.1994.1024","article-title":"The intrinsic geometry of the cerebral cortex","volume":"166","author":"Griffin","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199902250-00004","article-title":"NR2B-containing NMDA receptors are up-regulated in temporal cortex in schizophrenia","volume":"10","author":"Grimwood","year":"1999","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.02.051","article-title":"Reliability of MRI-derived measurements of human cerebral cortical thickness: the effects of field strength, scanner upgrade and manufacturer","volume":"32","author":"Han","year":"2006","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.11.027","article-title":"Increased prefrontal Gyrification in a large high-risk cohort characterizes those who develop schizophrenia and reflects abnormal prefrontal development","volume":"62","author":"Harris","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.199","article-title":"Long-term antipsychotic treatment and brain volumes: a longitudinal study of first-episode schizophrenia","volume":"68","author":"Ho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1987.10478551","article-title":"Fine-tuning some resistant rules for outlier labeling","volume":"82","author":"Hoaglin","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Am. Stat. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2021.102631","article-title":"Cognitive control network connectivity differentially disrupted in treatment resistant schizophrenia","volume":"30","author":"Horne","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.16050503","article-title":"Treatment-resistant schizophrenia: Treatment Response and Resistance in Psychosis (TRRIP) working group consensus guidelines on diagnosis and terminology","volume":"174","author":"Howes","year":"2017","journal-title":"AJP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2021.102852","article-title":"Dimensional distribution of cortical abnormality across antipsychotics treatment-resistant and responsive schizophrenia","volume":"32","author":"Itahashi","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.009","article-title":"Glutamatergic neurometabolite levels in patients with ultra-treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a Cross-sectional 3T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study","volume":"85","author":"Iwata","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743718772522","article-title":"Delayed initiation of clozapine continues to be a substantial clinical concern","volume":"63","author":"John","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13156","article-title":"Effect of age on the relative efficacy of clozapine in schizophrenia","volume":"142","author":"Jones","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.09.046","article-title":"Reliability in multi-site structural MRI studies: effects of gradient non-linearity correction on phantom and human data","volume":"30","author":"Jovicich","year":"2006","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.18com12123","article-title":"Clinical guidance on the identification and management of treatment-resistant schizophrenia","volume":"80","author":"Kane","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261","article-title":"The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia","volume":"13","author":"Kay","year":"1987","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/YIC.0b013e32836508e6","article-title":"The social and economic burden of treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a systematic literature review","volume":"29","author":"Kennedy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s41537-022-00230-2","article-title":"Subcortical volume reduction and cortical thinning 3 months after switching to clozapine in treatment resistant schizophrenia","volume":"8","author":"Krajner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Schizophr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2013.11.015","article-title":"Source-based morphometry of gray matter volume in patients with schizophrenia who have persistent auditory verbal hallucinations","volume":"50","author":"Kubera","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.9.878","article-title":"Regionally localized thinning of the cerebral cortex in schizophrenia","volume":"60","author":"Kuperberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0225","first-page":"8","article-title":"The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)","volume":"25","author":"Kurlowicz","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2018.08.008","article-title":"Abnormalities of fronto-subcortical pathways in schizophrenia and the differential impacts of antipsychotic treatment: a DTI-based tractography study","volume":"280","author":"Leroux","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.2178","article-title":"A multimodal analysis of antipsychotic effects on brain structure and function in first-episode schizophrenia","volume":"72","author":"Lesh","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1801490","article-title":"Psychotic disorders","volume":"379","author":"Lieberman","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2015.06.015","article-title":"Identification of two clusters within schizophrenia with different structural, functional and clinical characteristics","volume":"64","author":"Lubeiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2017.10.011","article-title":"Biological and cognitive correlates of cortical curvature in schizophrenia","volume":"270","author":"Lubeiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0255","first-page":"537","article-title":"Multidimensional connectomics and treatment-resistant schizophrenia: linking phenotypic circuits to targeted therapeutics","volume":"9","author":"MacKay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(02)00294-3","article-title":"Prefrontal cortex dysfunction during working memory performance in schizophrenia: reconciling discrepant findings","volume":"60","author":"Manoach","year":"2003","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2008.01286.x","article-title":"Prefrontal gyral folding and its cognitive correlates in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia","volume":"119","author":"McIntosh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1185\/03007999709113338","article-title":"Treatment-resistant schizophrenia--the role of clozapine","volume":"14","author":"Meltzer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Res. Opin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-020-04215-y","article-title":"Clozapine-induced agranulocytosis","volume":"99","author":"Mijovic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Hematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4927(03)00108-2","article-title":"Anatomical and functional brain variables associated with clozapine response in treatment-resistant schizophrenia","volume":"124","author":"Molina","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2007.08.017","article-title":"Differential clinical, structural and P300 parameters in schizophrenia patients resistant to conventional neuroleptics","volume":"32","author":"Molina","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2015.01.043","article-title":"Neuroimaging findings in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a systematic review","volume":"164","author":"Nakajima","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291709005315","article-title":"Do antipsychotic drugs affect brain structure? A systematic and critical review of MRI findings","volume":"39","author":"Navari","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.2174\/157015912803217305","article-title":"Brain connectivity studies in schizophrenia: unravelling the effects of antipsychotics","volume":"10","author":"Nejad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2018.08.016","article-title":"Treatment resistant schizophrenia: clinical, biological, and therapeutic perspectives","volume":"131","author":"Nucifora","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(01)01727-X","article-title":"Increased density of glutamate\/N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors in superior temporal cortex in schizophrenia","volume":"304","author":"Nudmamud","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.09.035","article-title":"The NR1 subunit of the glutamate\/NMDA receptor in the superior temporal cortex in schizophrenia and affective disorders","volume":"372","author":"Nudmamud-Thanoi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.210113","article-title":"Investigating structural subdivisions of the anterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia, with implications for treatment resistance and glutamatergic levels","volume":"47","author":"Ochi","year":"2022","journal-title":"jpn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e3181825aa7","article-title":"Global and temporal cortical folding in patients with early-onset schizophrenia","volume":"47","author":"Penttila","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-019-5188-5","article-title":"Altered glutamatergic response and functional connectivity in treatment resistant schizophrenia: the effect of riluzole and therapeutic implications","volume":"236","author":"Pillinger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.07.015","article-title":"Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity in schizophrenia: a review","volume":"24","author":"Plitman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2606","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.84","article-title":"Glutamatergic metabolites, volume and cortical thickness in antipsychotic-naive patients with first-episode psychosis: implications for excitotoxicity","volume":"41","author":"Plitman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41537-019-0090-z","article-title":"The neurobiology of treatment-resistant schizophrenia: paths to antipsychotic resistance and a roadmap for future research","volume":"6","author":"Potkin","year":"2020","journal-title":"NPJ Schizophr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.02.076","article-title":"Avoiding asymmetry-induced bias in longitudinal image processing","volume":"57","author":"Reuter","year":"2011","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.07.020","article-title":"Highly accurate inverse consistent registration: a robust approach","volume":"53","author":"Reuter","year":"2010","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.02.084","article-title":"Within-subject template estimation for unbiased longitudinal image analysis","volume":"61","author":"Reuter","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1135626","article-title":"Mechanical model of brain convolutional development: pathologic and experimental data suggest a model based on differential growth within the cerebral cortex","volume":"189","author":"Richman","year":"1975","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1142\/S0129065711002948","article-title":"Intrinsic curvature: a marker of millimeter-scale tangential cortico-cortical connectivity?","volume":"21","author":"Ronan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Neural Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.06.034","article-title":"Consistency and interpretation of changes in millimeter-scale cortical intrinsic curvature across three independent datasets in schizophrenia","volume":"63","author":"Ronan","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht082","article-title":"Differential tangential expansion as a mechanism for cortical gyrification","volume":"24","author":"Ronan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.5.695","article-title":"Regional and progressive thinning of the cortical ribbon in Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"58","author":"Rosas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1992.tb03646.x","article-title":"Bedside assessment of executive cognitive impairment: the executive interview","volume":"40","author":"Royall","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102688","article-title":"The effect of antipsychotic medications on white matter integrity in first-episode drug-na\u00efve patients with psychosis: a review of DTI studies","volume":"61","author":"Sagarwala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asian J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.03.037","article-title":"Grey matter microstructural alterations in schizophrenia patients with treatment-resistant auditory verbal hallucinations","volume":"138","author":"Sampedro","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1097\/01.yco.0000214339.06507.d8","article-title":"Effects of antipsychotics on brain structure","volume":"19","author":"Scherk","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.03.032","article-title":"A hybrid approach to the skull stripping problem in MRI","volume":"22","author":"Segonne","year":"2004","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2006.887364","article-title":"Geometrically accurate topology-correction of cortical surfaces using nonseparating loops","volume":"26","author":"Segonne","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.06.070","article-title":"The impact of delay in clozapine initiation on treatment outcomes in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a systematic review","volume":"268","author":"Shah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-019-01053-6","article-title":"Clozapine response trajectories and predictors of non-response in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a chart review study","volume":"270","author":"Shah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.02.032","article-title":"Glutamatergic neurometabolites and cortical thickness in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: implications for glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity","volume":"124","author":"Shah","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0435","article-title":"The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10","volume":"59 Suppl 20","author":"Sheehan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/schizbullopen\/sgaa030","article-title":"Shortening duration of treatment resistance: the next step in the treatment of schizophrenia","volume":"1","author":"Sutterland","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bull. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14289-4","article-title":"Oligodendrocyte dysfunction in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder","volume":"362","author":"Tkachev","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127508","DOI":"10.3389\/fnimg.2023.1127508","article-title":"Resting-state functional MRI in treatment-resistant schizophrenia","volume":"2","author":"Tuovinen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neuroimag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2019-100172","article-title":"Delaying clozapine: how long is too long?","volume":"33","author":"Varghese","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gen. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.11.017","article-title":"Auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia are associated with reduced functional connectivity of the temporo-parietal area","volume":"67","author":"Vercammen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm10030089","article-title":"Resting-state isolated effective connectivity of the cingulate cortex as a neurophysiological biomarker in patients with severe treatment-resistant schizophrenia","volume":"10","author":"Wada","year":"2020","journal-title":"JPM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0470","article-title":"Predicting treatment response in schizophrenia with magnetic resonance imaging and polygenic risk score","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.18040380","article-title":"Evidence for network-based cortical thickness reductions in schizophrenia","volume":"176","author":"Wannan","year":"2019","journal-title":"AJP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579410000842","article-title":"Gyrification and neural connectivity in schizophrenia","volume":"23","author":"White","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.110008","article-title":"Dysconnectivity of multiple resting-state networks in patients with schizophrenia who have persistent auditory verbal hallucinations","volume":"36","author":"Wolf","year":"2011","journal-title":"jpn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.11.018","article-title":"Magnetic resonance perfusion imaging of auditory verbal hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"134","author":"Wolf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.05.002","article-title":"Reduced dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex in treatment resistant schizophrenia","volume":"148","author":"Zugman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."}],"container-title":["Schizophrenia Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S092099642400183X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S092099642400183X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:55:06Z","timestamp":1778547306000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S092099642400183X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"references-count":99,"alternative-id":["S092099642400183X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0920-9964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0920-9964","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Elevated intrinsic cortical curvature in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: Evidence of structural deformation in functional connectivity areas and comparison with alternate indices of structure","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Schizophrenia Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2024.05.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}