{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T00:53:28Z","timestamp":1775955208925,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Schizophrenia Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T16:42:37Z","timestamp":1724949757000},"page":"120-127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Examining measures of schizotypy for gender and racial bias using item response theory and differential item functioning"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"272","author":[{"given":"Desmond J.","family":"Spann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Cicero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelsey T.","family":"Straub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amelia M.","family":"Pellegrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John G.","family":"Kerns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb5005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032167","article-title":"Psychological research with Muslim Americans in the age of Islamophobia: trends, challenges, and recommendations","volume":"68","author":"Amer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30101-2","article-title":"Advancing the study of local ethnic density and psychosis","volume":"7","author":"Anglin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb5010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-080921-074730","article-title":"Racism and social determinants of psychosis","volume":"19","author":"Anglin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.0142","article-title":"Going upstream to advance psychosis prevention and improve public health","volume":"77","author":"Anglin","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb5015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12314","article-title":"Ethnic identity, racial discrimination and attenuated psychotic symptoms in an urban population of emerging adults","volume":"12","author":"Anglin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Early Interv. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000975","article-title":"Race terminology in the field of psychology: acknowledging the growing multiracial population in the US","volume":"77","author":"Atkin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb5020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0001207","article-title":"Measurement invariance of commonly used psychosis-screening scales in US Spanish- and English-speaking Hispanics","author":"Bart","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbp107","article-title":"Social anhedonia and schizotypy in a community sample: the Maryland longitudinal study of schizotypy","volume":"37","author":"Blanchard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.116.1.30","article-title":"Anhedonia and the experience of emotion in individuals with schizophrenia","volume":"116","author":"Burbridge","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb5025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.105.3.456","article-title":"Testing for equivalence of factor covariance and mean structures: the issue of partial measurement invariance","volume":"105","author":"Byrne","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.85.4.374","article-title":"Scales for physical and social anhedonia","volume":"85","author":"Chapman","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.87.4.399","article-title":"Body-image aberration in schizophrenia","volume":"87","author":"Chapman","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/6.4.639","article-title":"Physical anhedonia, perceptual aberration, and psychosis proneness","volume":"6","author":"Chapman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.103.2.171","article-title":"Putatively psychosis-prone subjects 10 years later","volume":"103","author":"Chapman","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb5030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.104.3.464","article-title":"Ethnicity and gender in scales of psychosis proneness and mood disorders","volume":"104","author":"Chmielewski","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb5035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000180","article-title":"Measurement invariance of the schizotypal personality questionnaire in Asian, Pacific Islander, White, and multiethnic populations","volume":"28","author":"Cicero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2010.24.3.327","article-title":"Multidimensional factor structure of positive schizotypy","volume":"24","author":"Cicero","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pers. Disord."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191117719509","article-title":"Differential item functioning of the full and brief Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales in Asian, White, Hispanic, and multiethnic samples and between sexes","volume":"26","author":"Cicero","year":"2019","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.06.033","article-title":"Intact differentiation of responses to socially-relevant emotional stimuli across psychotic disorders: an event-related potential (ERP) study","volume":"246","author":"Clayson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.51.2.215","article-title":"Magical ideation as an indicator of schizotypy","volume":"51","author":"Eckblad","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0075","series-title":"The Revised Social Anhedonia Scale","author":"Eckblad","year":"1982"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb5040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.13304","article-title":"Updated guidance on the reporting of race and ethnicity in medical and science journals","volume":"326","author":"Flanagin","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717001829","article-title":"The structure of schizotypal personality traits: a cross-national study","volume":"48","author":"Fonseca-Pedrero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.05.058","article-title":"Reliability and normative data of the Perceptual Aberration Scale in an Italian juvenile general population sample","volume":"228","author":"Fornasari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0090","article-title":"Gender differences in clinical and psychosocial features among persons with schizophrenia: a mini review","volume":"12","author":"Giordano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0095","series-title":"Developmental Psychopathology","first-page":"535","article-title":"Schizophrenia through the lens of a developmental psychopathology perspective","volume":"vol. 2","author":"Gooding","year":"1995"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.10.012","article-title":"The assessment of interpersonal pleasure: introduction of the Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale (ACIPS) and preliminary findings","volume":"215","author":"Gooding","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-200111000-00004","article-title":"Cognitive slippage in schizotypic individuals","volume":"189","author":"Gooding","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.114.1.170","article-title":"Clinical status of at-risk individuals 5 years later: further validation of the psychometric high-risk strategy","volume":"114","author":"Gooding","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291712001791","article-title":"Thought disorder in mid-childhood as a predictor of adulthood diagnostic outcome: findings from the New York high-risk project","volume":"43","author":"Gooding","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.05.061","article-title":"Individual differences in hedonic experience: further evidence for the construct validity of the ACIPS","volume":"229","author":"Gooding","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3181b975e6","article-title":"Associations between multiple dimensions of schizotypy and sociodemographic variables in a nonpsychiatric sample of young adults","volume":"197","author":"Goulding","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb5045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1037\/a0039734","article-title":"On becoming multicultural in a monocultural research world: a conceptual approach to studying ethnocultural diversity","volume":"71","author":"Hall","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb5050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1037\/h0087722","article-title":"A multidimensional conceptualization of racism-related stress: implications for the well-being of people of color","volume":"70","author":"Harrell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/19312458.2020.1718629","article-title":"Use omega rather than Cronbach\u2019s alpha for estimating reliability. But\u2026","volume":"14","author":"Hayes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Commun. Methods Meas."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.116.2.268","article-title":"Patients with schizophrenia demonstrate dissociation between affective experience and motivated behavior","volume":"116","author":"Heerey","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Abnrom. Psych."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpx164","article-title":"Race, vigilant coping strategy, and hypertension in an integrated community","volume":"31","author":"Hines","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbn083","article-title":"Affective traits in schizophrenia and schizotypy","volume":"34","author":"Horan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb5090","unstructured":"Hricovec, M., Su, C., Bart, T.A., Marsh, K.F., Alsup, C.K. & Cicero, D.C. in press. Measurement Invariance of the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 Across East Asian, Southeast Asian, and White Participants. Personal Disord,."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1080\/21501378.2021.1940118","article-title":"Alpha, omega, and H internal consistency reliability estimates: reviewing these options and when to use them","volume":"14","author":"Kalkbrenner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Counsel. Outcome Res. Eval."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb5055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830110060007","article-title":"Lifetime prevalence, demographic risk factors, and diagnostic validity of nonaffective psychosis as assessed in a US community sample. The National Comorbidity Survey","volume":"53","author":"Kendler","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.115.3.418","article-title":"Schizotypy facets, cognitive control, and emotion","volume":"115","author":"Kerns","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0160","series-title":"Handbook on Personality Disorders","first-page":"195","article-title":"Cluster a personality disorders","author":"Kerns","year":"2020"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025434","article-title":"Race\/ethnicity and the factor structure of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale: a meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cultur. Divers. Ethnic Minor. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.107.4.558","article-title":"Social anhedonia as a predictor of the development of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders","volume":"107","author":"Kwapil","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S366","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbu186","article-title":"Schizotypy: looking back and moving forward","volume":"41","author":"Kwapil","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbm098","article-title":"The dimensional structure of the Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales: factor identification and construct validity","volume":"34","author":"Kwapil","year":"2008","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2555","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291712000827","article-title":"The expression of positive and negative schizotypy in daily life: an experience sampling study","volume":"42","author":"Kwapil","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb5060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.10078","article-title":"Assessment of psychosis proneness in African-American college students","volume":"58","author":"Kwapil","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033759","article-title":"Prediction of psychopathology and functional impairment by positive and negative schizotypy in the Chapmans\u2019 ten-year longitudinal study","volume":"122","author":"Kwapil","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2017.07.001","article-title":"Development and psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale: a new measure for assessing positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy","volume":"193","author":"Kwapil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20479","article-title":"Schizotypy, schizotypic psychopathology and schizophrenia","volume":"17","author":"Lenzenweger","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000798","article-title":"Differential item functioning of the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale and Multidimensional Scale-Brief across ethnicity","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000144","article-title":"Thanks coefficient alpha, we\u2019ll take it from here","volume":"23","author":"McNeish","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0215","series-title":"Measures for Clinical Practice: A Source Book","first-page":"125","article-title":"Cognitive slippage scale","author":"Miers","year":"1987"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb5085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007040","volume":"29","author":"Miller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.94.3.384","article-title":"Social anhedonia in the prediction of psychosis proneness","volume":"94","author":"Mishlove","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb5070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.3102\/1076998606298035","article-title":"Odds ratio, delta, ETS classification, and standardization measures of DIF magnitude for binary logistic regression","volume":"32","author":"Monahan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Educ. Behav. Stat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb5075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.10.007","article-title":"Black Americans and schizophrenia: racism as a driver of inequalities in psychosis diagnosis, assessment, and treatment","volume":"253","author":"Nagendra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2927","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S101151","article-title":"Sex differences in the course of schizophrenia across diverse regions of the world","volume":"12","author":"Novick","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0230","article-title":"Gender differences in schizophrenia and first-episode psychosis: a comprehensive literature review","volume":"2012","author":"Ochoa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res. Treat."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000309","article-title":"Meta-analysis of black vs. white racial disparity in schizophrenia diagnosis in the United States: do structured assessments attenuate racial disparities?","volume":"127","author":"Olbert","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb5080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2021.11.004","article-title":"The unique pathways to coordinate speciality care for Black families navigating early psychosis: a preliminary report","volume":"253","author":"Oluwoye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2021.11.032","article-title":"The associations between attenuated psychosis symptoms and functioning in black and white youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis","volume":"253","author":"Rakhshan Rouhakhtar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v4.i4.133","article-title":"Racial disparities in psychotic disorder diagnosis: a review of empirical literature","volume":"4","author":"Schwartz","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Psych."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbt134","article-title":"The social defeat hypothesis of schizophrenia: an update","volume":"39","author":"Selten","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0255","series-title":"Examining Measures of Schizotypy for Gender and Racial Bias Using Item Response Theory and Differential Item Functioning","author":"Spann","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000407","article-title":"Positive schizotypy, maladaptive openness, and openness facets","volume":"12","author":"Straub","year":"2021","journal-title":"Personal. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0265","unstructured":"Straub, K. T., & Kerns, J. G. (in preparation). Relationships between positive schizotypy and facets of openness to experience."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0270","article-title":"A bioecosystem theory of negative symptoms in schizophrenia","volume":"12","author":"Strauss","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.03.005","article-title":"Schizophrenia, \u201cjust the facts\u201d 4. Clinical features and conceptualization","volume":"110","author":"Tandon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0280","series-title":"Handbook of African American Psychology","first-page":"299","article-title":"Cultural mistrust: a core component of African American consciousness","author":"Terrell","year":"2009"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20436","article-title":"Etiology in psychiatry: embracing the reality of poly-gene-environmental causation of mental illness","volume":"16","author":"Uher","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbn117","article-title":"Gene-environment interactions in schizophrenia: review of epidemiological findings and future directions","volume":"34","author":"van Os","year":"2008","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7028.32.6.555","article-title":"Cultural mistrust: an important psychological construct for diagnosis and treatment of African Americans","volume":"32","author":"Whaley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prof. Psychol. Res. Pract."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-011-9242-9","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales in an undergraduate sample: classical test theory, item response theory, and differential item functioning","volume":"33","author":"Winterstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Psychopathol. Behav. Assess."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2011.07.027","article-title":"Brief assessment of schizotypy: developing short forms of the Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales","volume":"51","author":"Winterstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pers. Individ. Dif."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2021.11.034","article-title":"Race and self-reported paranoia: increased item endorsement on subscales of the SPQ","volume":"253","author":"Wolny","year":"2023","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."}],"container-title":["Schizophrenia Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0920996424003864?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0920996424003864?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]],"date-time":"2025-02-22T08:58:52Z","timestamp":1740214732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0920996424003864"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":78,"alternative-id":["S0920996424003864"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["0920-9964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0920-9964","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Examining measures of schizotypy for gender and racial bias using item response theory and differential item functioning","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Schizophrenia Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2024.08.015","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}