{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T23:11:00Z","timestamp":1789081860046,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH120642"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH120642"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01MH125045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01MH125045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01MH125047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01MH125047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23 MH133520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 MH133520"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007229","name":"Harvard University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007229","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006919","name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006919","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Schizophrenia Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]],"date-time":"2025-05-10T17:36:22Z","timestamp":1746898582000},"page":"157-163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Sociodemographic influences on substance use in psychosis in an African cohort"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"281","author":[{"given":"Megan L.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Odokonyero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dickens","family":"Akena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melkam","family":"Alemayehu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukoye","family":"Atwoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lori B.","family":"Chibnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bizu","family":"Gelaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stella","family":"Gichuru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Symon M.","family":"Kariuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karestan C.","family":"Koenen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edith","family":"Kwobah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Kyebuzibwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rehema M.","family":"Mwema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles R.J.C.","family":"Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristianna","family":"Post","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"II","given":"Rocky E.","family":"Stroud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solomon","family":"Teferra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zukiswa","family":"Zingela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan J.","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Hook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.03837.x","article-title":"The co-occurring use and misuse of Cannabis and tobacco: a review","volume":"107","author":"Agrawal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012_bb0015","series-title":"Exploring the Knowledge and Attitudes of Medical Doctors in South Africa Towards Medical Cannabis: A Qualitative Study","author":"Audain","year":"2023"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715000227","article-title":"Substance use in individuals at clinical high risk of psychosis","volume":"45","author":"Buchy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012_bb5010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.187.2.101","article-title":"Social defeat: Risk factor for schizophrenia?","volume":"187","author":"Cantor-Graae","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.5494","article-title":"Association of cannabis use with self-harm and mortality risk among youths with BD+","volume":"175","author":"Fontanella","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2016.1213273","article-title":"Cannabis and development of dual diagnoses: a literature review","volume":"43","author":"Hanna","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000344","article-title":"Heavy marijuana use but not deprivation is associated with increased stressor reactivity","volume":"127","author":"Hefner","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1080\/713659373","article-title":"Screening for hazardous alcohol use and dependence in psychiatric in-patients using the audit questionnaire","volume":"19","author":"Hulse","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012_bb5005","series-title":"The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST): Manual for Use in Primary Care","author":"Humeniuk","year":"2010"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.8.966","article-title":"A new brief instrument for assessing decisional capacity for clinical research","volume":"64","author":"Jeste","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230410001704127","article-title":"A brief motivational intervention for substance misuse in recent-onset psychosis","volume":"23","author":"Kavanagh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00820.x","article-title":"Age, period and cohort influences on beer, wine and spirits consumption trends in the US National Alcohol Surveys","volume":"99","author":"Kerr","year":"2004","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4950","DOI":"10.2174\/138161212802884807","article-title":"Why do psychotic patients use cannabis? Case series","volume":"32","author":"Kolliakou","year":"2012","journal-title":"CPD"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000059","article-title":"Predictors of persistent psychotic symptoms in persons with methamphetamine abuse receiving psychiatric treatment","volume":"201","author":"Lecomte","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291713001438","article-title":"The association between cannabis use and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies","volume":"44","author":"Lev-Ran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-017-0562-9","article-title":"Factors associated with consumption of alcohol in older adults - a comparison between two cultures, China and Norway: the CLHLS and the HUNT-study","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-018-0214-y","article-title":"Cannabis and BD+","volume":"5","author":"Lucatch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Addict. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012_bb0090","series-title":"In Schizophrenia, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome- and Fibromyalgia-like Symptoms Are Driven by Breakdown of the Paracellular Pathway with Increased Zonulin and Immune Activation-associated Neurotoxicity","author":"Maes","year":"2021"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-012-1168-0","article-title":"Epidemiology of substance use disorders","volume":"131","author":"Merikangas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Genet."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012_bb0100","article-title":"Does the number of previous mood episodes moderate the relationship between alcohol use, smoking and mood in bipolar outpatients?","volume":"17","author":"Meulen","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-021-05802-1","article-title":"The acute effects of alcohol on state rumination in the laboratory","volume":"238","author":"Mollaahmetoglu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012_bb5000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.06.018","article-title":"Cannabis-associated psychosis: Neural substrate and clinical impact","volume":"124","author":"Murray","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.2c00016","article-title":"Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (Taar1): molecular and clinical insights for the treatment of schizophrenia and related comorbidities","volume":"3","author":"Nair","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1301976","article-title":"Association between psychosis and substance use in Kenya. Findings from the NeuroGAP-Psychosis study","volume":"15","author":"Nguata","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-019-2118-3","article-title":"Khat use and psychotic symptoms in a rural khat growing population in Kenya: a household survey","volume":"19","author":"Ongeri","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.09020299","article-title":"Impact of substance use disorders on recovery from episodes of depression in bipolar disorder patients: prospective data from the systematic treatment enhancement program for bipolar disorder (step-bd)","volume":"167","author":"Ostacher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2009.030635","article-title":"Smoking uptake and prevalence in Ghana","volume":"18","author":"Owusu-Dabo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tob. Control."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-021-00364-z","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of non-daily and daily cannabis use among persons 15 years and older in South Africa: results of a national survey in 2017","volume":"16","author":"Ramlagan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2014.886321","article-title":"Gender minority social stress in adolescence: disparities in adolescent bullying and substance use by gender identity","volume":"52","author":"Reisner","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Sex Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3126\/jnhrc.v15i1.18007","article-title":"Factors associated with smokeless tobacco use among pregnant women in rural areas of the Southern Terai, Nepal","volume":"15","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Nepal Health Res Counc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(03)00027-0","article-title":"Substance use and the course of early psychosis: a 2-year follow-up of first-admitted subjects","volume":"18","author":"Sorbara","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-025469","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric Genetics of African Populations-Psychosis (NeuroGAP-Psychosis): a case-control study protocol and GWAS in Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa and Uganda","volume":"9","author":"Stevenson","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1108\/17570971111183008","article-title":"Substance use in early intervention services for psychosis","volume":"3","author":"Summers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Dual Diagn."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.108.057471","article-title":"Impact of persistent substance misuse on 1-year outcome in first-episode psychosis","volume":"195","author":"Turkington","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650604700101","article-title":"You make me sick: marital quality and health over the life course","volume":"47","author":"Umberson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4190","DOI":"10.18203\/2394-6040.ijcmph20222917","article-title":"Prevalence of tobacco use and awareness about its ill-effects amongst adult rural population of district Rewari","volume":"11","author":"Yadav","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Commun. Med. Public Health"}],"container-title":["Schizophrenia Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0920996425001355?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0920996425001355?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T03:47:00Z","timestamp":1778212020000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0920996425001355"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S0920996425001355"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0920-9964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0920-9964","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sociodemographic influences on substance use in psychosis in an African cohort","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Schizophrenia Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2025.04.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}