{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:49:45Z","timestamp":1791895785316,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,10,5]],"date-time":"2027-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1822694400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":338,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Schizophrenia Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:08:05Z","timestamp":1790122085000},"page":"669-676","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Hippocampal volume and persistent distressing psychotic-like experiences across early adolescence: the moderating role of physical activity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"297","author":[{"given":"Benson S.","family":"Ku","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ella J.","family":"Arrant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine S.F.","family":"Damme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine F.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-05648-9","article-title":"Required elements for an educational programme for lay exercise instructors in charge of community-based exercise targeting young adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders\u2013a stakeholder focus group study","volume":"24","author":"Andersen","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-01167-9","article-title":"Stable habituation deficits in the early stage of psychosis: a 2-year follow-up study","volume":"11","author":"Avery","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox6010006","article-title":"Exercise-induced oxidative stress responses in the pediatric population","volume":"6","author":"Avloniti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-02057-y","article-title":"Neuroanatomical heterogeneity and homogeneity in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis","volume":"12","author":"Baldwin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2014.91","article-title":"What causes aberrant salience in schizophrenia? A role for impaired short-term habituation and the GRIA1 (GluA1) AMPA receptor subunit","volume":"19","author":"Barkus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.12.021","article-title":"Twin studies of brain structure and cognition in schizophrenia","volume":"109","author":"Besteher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12720","article-title":"Is sport an untapped resource for recovery from first episode psychosis? A narrative review and call to action","volume":"13","author":"Brooke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Early Interv. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4234","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01687-4","article-title":"Reduced hippocampal gray matter volume is a common feature of patients with major depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia spectrum disorders","volume":"27","author":"Brosch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0045","article-title":"Hippocampal structural alterations in early-stage psychosis: specificity and relationship to clinical outcomes","volume":"35","author":"Brunner","year":"2022","journal-title":"NeuroImage: Clinical"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1080\/17522439.2017.1349829","article-title":"Social isolation and psychosis-like experiences: a UK general population analysis","volume":"9","author":"Butter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychosis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0233670","article-title":"Reduced hippocampal volume in adolescents with psychotic experiences: a longitudinal population-based study","volume":"15","author":"Calvo","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2424","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22338","article-title":"Reliability of neuroanatomical measurements in a multisite longitudinal study of youth at risk for psychosis: reliability of multisite, longitudinal MRI","volume":"35","author":"Cannon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2018.03.001","article-title":"The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study: imaging acquisition across 21 sites","volume":"32","author":"Casey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1038\/s44220-025-00563-8","article-title":"Interaction between neighborhood exposome and genetic risk in persistent distressing psychotic-like experiences in children","volume":"4","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nature Mental Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2023.3293","article-title":"Network-based spreading of gray matter changes across different stages of psychosis","volume":"80","author":"Chopra","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004330","article-title":"Exercise improves cognitive responses to psychological stress through enhancement of epigenetic mechanisms and gene expression in the dentate gyrus","volume":"4","author":"Collins","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329171200219X","article-title":"Hippocampal volume as marker of daily life stress sensitivity in psychosis","volume":"43","author":"Collip","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-020-00335-5","article-title":"The importance of social factors in the association between physical activity and depression in children","volume":"14","author":"Conley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Adolesc. Psychiatry Ment. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.14179","article-title":"Trajectories of psychotic-like experiences in youth and associations with lifestyle factors","volume":"67","author":"Cooper","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbac084","article-title":"Exercise intervention in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis: benefits to fitness, symptoms, hippocampal volumes, and functional connectivity","volume":"48","author":"Damme","year":"2022","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2024.107149","article-title":"Reduced hippocampal volume unmasks distinct impacts of cumulative adverse childhood events (ACEs) on psychotic-like experiences in late childhood and early adolescence","volume":"169","author":"Damme","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-024-02794-2","article-title":"Physical and mental health in adolescence: novel insights from a transdiagnostic examination of FitBit data in the ABCD study","volume":"14","author":"Damme","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0115","article-title":"Efficacy of a short-term physical exercise intervention on stress biomarkers and mental health in adolescents with ADHD: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"393","author":"Dastamooz","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0120","first-page":"149","article-title":"Psychobiology of social support: the social dimension of stress buffering","volume":"32","author":"Ditzen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Restor. Neurol. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbp022","article-title":"Evidence that onset of clinical psychosis is an outcome of progressively more persistent subclinical psychotic experiences: an 8-year cohort study","volume":"37","author":"Dominguez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2012.12.009","article-title":"Persisting psychotic-like experiences are associated with both externalising and internalising psychopathology in a longitudinal general population child cohort","volume":"144","author":"Downs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-10-98","article-title":"A systematic review of the psychological and social benefits of participation in sport for children and adolescents: informing development of a conceptual model of health through sport","volume":"10","author":"Eime","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0140","first-page":"433","article-title":"Using exercise to protect physical and mental health in youth at risk for psychosis","volume":"23","author":"Firth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res. Psychother."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.01.021","article-title":"FreeSurfer","volume":"62","author":"Fischl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00569-X","article-title":"Whole brain segmentation: automated labeling of neuroanatomical structures in the human brain","volume":"33","author":"Fischl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-00927-x","article-title":"Exercise as a protective mechanism against the negative effects of oxidative stress in first-episode psychosis: a biomarker-led study","volume":"10","author":"Fisher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22042146","article-title":"Oxytocin in schizophrenia: pathophysiology and implications for future treatment","volume":"22","author":"Goh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0165","first-page":"484","article-title":"Involvement in sports, hippocampal volume, and depressive symptoms in children","volume":"4","author":"Gorham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry: Cognit. Neurosci. Neuroimaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25625","article-title":"A meta-analysis of deep brain structural shape and asymmetry abnormalities in 2,833 individuals with schizophrenia compared with 3,929 healthy volunteers via the ENIGMA Consortium","volume":"43","author":"Gutman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-023-02540-x","article-title":"Associations between social engagement, internalizing symptoms, and delusional ideation in the general population","volume":"59","author":"Hall","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.09.041","article-title":"GABAergic mechanisms of hippocampal hyperactivity in schizophrenia","volume":"167","author":"Heckers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13069","article-title":"Social functioning and subclinical psychosis in adolescence: a longitudinal general adolescent population study","volume":"140","author":"Heins","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.07.071","article-title":"Physical exercise during adolescence versus adulthood: differential effects on object recognition memory and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels","volume":"194","author":"Hopkins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-016-9799-x","article-title":"Individual differences in exercise behavior: stability and change in genetic and environmental determinants from age 7 to 18","volume":"46","author":"Huppertz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav. Genet."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1080\/1612197X.2024.2431252","article-title":"Patterns of sports participation across the lifespan and their links to psychopathology, resilience, and childhood trauma: a cross-sectional approach","volume":"23","author":"Jankovi\u0107","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport Exerc. Psychol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.1334","article-title":"Assessment of the prodromal questionnaire-brief child version for measurement of self-reported psychoticlike experiences in childhood","volume":"75","author":"Karcher","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01373-x","article-title":"Persistent and distressing psychotic-like experiences using adolescent brain cognitive development\u2120 study data","volume":"27","author":"Karcher","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.12.012","article-title":"Psychosis-like experiences and distress among adolescents using mental health services","volume":"152","author":"Kline","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2021.09.025","article-title":"Association between residential instability at individual and area levels and future psychosis in adolescents at clinical high risk from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS) consortium","volume":"238","author":"Ku","year":"2021","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.21r13941","article-title":"Social fragmentation and schizophrenia: a systematic review","volume":"83","author":"Ku","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbac055","article-title":"The association between neighborhood poverty and hippocampal volume among individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis: the moderating role of social engagement","volume":"48","author":"Ku","year":"2022","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbad093","article-title":"Associations between childhood area-level social fragmentation, maladaptation to school, and social functioning among healthy youth and those at clinical high risk for psychosis","volume":"49","author":"Ku","year":"2023","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.13375","article-title":"Residential instability during adolescence predicts earlier age at onset of psychosis: the moderating role of extraversion","volume":"17","author":"Ku","year":"2023","journal-title":"Early Interv. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2416484","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.16484","article-title":"Aspects of area deprivation index in relation to hippocampal volume among children","volume":"7","author":"Ku","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2172","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291724000278","article-title":"The association between neighborhood-level social fragmentation and distressing psychotic-like experiences in early adolescence: the moderating role of close friends","volume":"54","author":"Ku","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbae141","article-title":"Associations between genetic risk, physical activities, and distressing psychotic-like experiences","volume":"52","author":"Ku","year":"2024","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291725000224","article-title":"Exposure profiles of social-environmental neighborhood factors and persistent distressing psychotic-like experiences across four years among young adolescents in the US","volume":"55","author":"Ku","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2023.02.001","article-title":"Youth team sports participation associates with reduced dimensional psychopathology through interaction with biological risk factors","volume":"3","author":"Kunitoki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry Glob. Open Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18540","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18540","article-title":"Oxytocin protects hippocampal memory and plasticity from uncontrollable stress","volume":"5","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.249","article-title":"Hippocampal dysfunction in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia: a selective review and hypothesis for early detection and intervention","volume":"23","author":"Lieberman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2011.05.001","article-title":"Hippocampal dysregulation of dopamine system function and the pathophysiology of schizophrenia","volume":"32","author":"Lodge","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.03.029","article-title":"Psychosis risk screening with the Prodromal Questionnaire-brief version (PQ-B)","volume":"129","author":"Loewy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.067","article-title":"Physical exercise induces hippocampal neurogenesis and prevents cognitive decline","volume":"317","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5215.2011.00634.x","article-title":"Oxytocin in schizophrenia: a review of evidence for its therapeutic effects","volume":"24","author":"MacDonald","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neuropsychiatrica"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.453","article-title":"Medial temporal lobe structures and hippocampal subfields in psychotic disorders: findings from the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) study","volume":"71","author":"Mathew","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-00985-1","article-title":"Hippocampal volume in early psychosis: a 2-year longitudinal study","volume":"10","author":"McHugo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.10m06745","article-title":"Stress and inflammation reduce brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in first-episode psychosis: a pathway to smaller hippocampal volume","volume":"72","author":"Mondelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1977","article-title":"Distress related to psychotic experiences: enhancing the world health organization composite international diagnostic interview psychosis screen","volume":"33","author":"Oh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.02.003","article-title":"Longitudinal gray matter development associated with psychotic experiences in young people","volume":"3","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry Glob. Open Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.734184","article-title":"A comprehensive overview of the physical health of the adolescent brain cognitive development study cohort at baseline","volume":"9","author":"Palmer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0330","article-title":"Oxytocin and the biopsychology of performance in team sports","volume":"2012","author":"Pepping","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2024.4534","article-title":"Mapping lesions that cause psychosis to a human brain circuit and proposed stimulation target","volume":"82","author":"Pines","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2012.02.018","article-title":"Negative symptoms in individuals at clinical high risk of psychosis","volume":"196","author":"Piskulic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.12.001","article-title":"Reduced hippocampal volume and hypothalamus\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis function in first episode psychosis: evidence for sex differences","volume":"7","author":"Pruessner","year":"2015","journal-title":"NeuroImage: Clinical"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3524","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-0853-y","article-title":"Hippocampal volume and hippocampal neuron density, number and size in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of postmortem studies","volume":"26","author":"Roeske","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.20102","article-title":"Bilateral hippocampal volume reduction in adults with post-traumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis of structural MRI studies","volume":"15","author":"Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.09081187","article-title":"The hippocampal formation in schizophrenia","volume":"167","author":"Tamminga","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0365","first-page":"261","article-title":"Mental health and functional outcomes in Young adulthood of children with psychotic symptoms: a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"46","author":"Trotta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb2000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2015.63","article-title":"Subcortical brain volume abnormalities in 2028 individuals with schizophrenia and 2540 healthy controls via the ENIGMA consortium","volume":"21","author":"Van Erp","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.11.1957","article-title":"Hippocampal volume and depression: a meta-analysis of MRI studies","volume":"161","author":"Videbech","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2021.09.002","article-title":"Structural brain volumes of individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis: a meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Vissink","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry Glob. Open Sci."},{"issue":"9596","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X","article-title":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"370","author":"Von Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118623","article-title":"Social-spatial residence patterns and adolescent mental health: investigating the influences of residential segregation, neighborhood social cohesion, and race on persistent, distressing psychotic-like experiences in the United States","volume":"386","author":"Wade","year":"2025","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.4.022007.141248","article-title":"Stress and the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis in the developmental course of schizophrenia","volume":"4","author":"Walker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.10.007","article-title":"Hippocampal volume in subjects at clinical high-risk for psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"71","author":"Walter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.10.017","article-title":"Reduced habituation in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"151","author":"Williams","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3727\/096368910X532846","article-title":"Adult hippocampal neurogenesis: a possible way how physical exercise counteracts stress","volume":"20","author":"Yau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.32604\/ijmhp.2023.028107","article-title":"The relationship between exercise and psychotic symptoms in college students: a cross-sectional analysis","volume":"25","author":"Ye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Ment. Health Promot."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5488","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-56149-4","article-title":"The association between physical activity, self-efficacy, stress self-management and mental health among adolescents","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["Schizophrenia Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0920996426003154?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0920996426003154?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:06:35Z","timestamp":1791893195000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0920996426003154"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":84,"alternative-id":["S0920996426003154"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0920-9964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0920-9964","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Hippocampal volume and persistent distressing psychotic-like experiences across early adolescence: the moderating role of physical activity","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Schizophrenia Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2026.09.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}