{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T08:17:41Z","timestamp":1792138661032,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000148","name":"Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000148","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science Bulletin"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T23:32:55Z","timestamp":1779319975000},"page":"4874-4883","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Late-spring vertical profiles in atmospheric water vapor stable isotopes reveal westerlies moisture transport across the Himalaya into the Asian Water Towers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gebanruo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yigang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aibin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yilong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeqing","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taihua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tandong","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017-022-00299-4","article-title":"The imbalance of the Asian water tower","volume":"3","author":"Yao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Earth Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22114","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0910444106","article-title":"Black soot and the survival of Tibetan glaciers","volume":"106","author":"Xu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2016.10.001","article-title":"Delta o-18 records in water vapor and an ice core from the eastern Pamir Plateau: Implications for paleoclimate reconstructions","volume":"456","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Earth Planet Sci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06619-y","article-title":"Precipitation regime changes in high mountain Asia driven by cleaner air","volume":"623","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-16-0868.1","article-title":"Enso effects on annual variations of summer precipitation stable isotopes in Lhasa, southern Tibetan Plateau","volume":"31","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21043","DOI":"10.3402\/tellusb.v65i0.21043","article-title":"What controls precipitation \u03b418O in the southern Tibetan Plateau at seasonal and intra-seasonal scales? A case study at Lhasa and Nyalam","volume":"65","author":"Gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tellus B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1002\/rog.20023","article-title":"A review of climatic controls on delta 18O in precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau: observations and simulations","volume":"51","author":"Yao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev Geophys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14745","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1922602117","article-title":"Enriched east Asian oxygen isotope of precipitation indicates reduced summer seasonality in regional climate and westerlies","volume":"117","author":"Chiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05643-8","article-title":"Oceanic climate changes threaten the sustainability of Asia's water tower","volume":"615","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28721","DOI":"10.1029\/98JD02582","article-title":"Stable isotope composition of precipitation over Southeast Asia","volume":"103","author":"Araguas-Araguas","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Geophys Res-Atmos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2940","DOI":"10.1175\/2008JCLI2625.1","article-title":"Seasonality and interannual variability of the westerly jet in the Tibetan Plateau","volume":"22","author":"Schiemann","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1002\/2014JD021947","article-title":"Importance of boundary layer mixing for the isotopic composition of surface vapor over the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean","volume":"120","author":"Benetti","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Geophys Res-Atmos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JD015773","article-title":"Properties of air mass mixing and humidity in the subtropics from measurements of the D\/H isotope ratio of water vapor at the Mauna Loa Observatory","volume":"116","author":"Noone","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Geophys Res-Atmos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5757","DOI":"10.1002\/2015JD023234","article-title":"Moisture sources and synoptic to seasonal variability of North Atlantic water vapor isotopic composition","volume":"120","author":"Steen-Larsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Geophys Res-Atmos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3402\/tellusb.v36i1.14807","article-title":"Vertical distribution of deuterium in atmospheric water vapour: Problems in application to assess atmospheric condensation models","volume":"36","author":"Taylor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tellus B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1002\/2015RG000512","article-title":"Stable isotopes in atmospheric water vapor and applications to the hydrologic cycle","volume":"54","author":"Galewsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Geophys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2529749123","article-title":"Vertical conveyor driving the integration of moisture transported by the westerlies to the Asian water towers\u2019 atmospheric water cycle","volume":"123","author":"Gao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08707","article-title":"Dominant control of the south Asian monsoon by orographic insulation versus plateau heating","volume":"463","author":"Boos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-5-1491-2012","article-title":"Measuring variations of \u03b418O and \u03b42H in atmospheric water vapour using two commercial laser-based spectrometers: an instrument characterisation study","volume":"5","author":"Aemisegger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos Meas Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4521","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-8-4521-2015","article-title":"The stability and calibration of water vapor isotope ratio measurements during long-term deployments","volume":"8","author":"Bailey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos Meas Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0100","unstructured":"Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5 hourly data on pressure levels from 1940 to present. C3S CDS. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24381\/cds.bd0915c6 (2018)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0105","unstructured":"Copernicus Climate Change Service. ERA5 hourly data on single levels from 1940 to present. C3S CDS. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24381\/cds.adbb2d47 (2018)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-23-821-2023","article-title":"Daytime along-valley winds in the Himalayas as simulated by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model","volume":"23","author":"Mikkola","year":"2023","journal-title":"Atmos Chem Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05508","article-title":"Importance of rain evaporation and continental convection in the tropical water cycle","volume":"445","author":"Worden","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2524","DOI":"10.1002\/2018GL077167","article-title":"A framework to study mixing processes in the marine boundary layer using water vapor isotope measurements","volume":"45","author":"Benetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Geophys Res Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3409","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-23-3409-2023","article-title":"Vehicle-based in situ observations of the water vapor isotopic composition across China: Spatial and seasonal distributions and controls","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Atmos Chem Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1007\/s00382-017-3953-x","article-title":"Origin of indian summer monsoon rainfall biases in CMIP5 multimodel ensemble","volume":"51","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clim Dyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0135","series-title":"Mixed Effects Models and Extensions in Ecology with R","author":"Zuur","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pinheiro JC, Bates DM. Mixed-effects models in S and S-Plus. 2000,","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-0318-1"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4251","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-16-4251-2016","article-title":"Detecting moisture transport pathways to the subtropical North Atlantic free troposphere using paired H2O-\u03b4D in situ measurements","volume":"16","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos Chem Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11657","DOI":"10.1029\/1999JD900080","article-title":"Stable isotope composition of water vapor in the atmospheric boundary layer above the forests of New England","volume":"104","author":"He","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Geophys Res-Atmos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JD005569","article-title":"Vertical profiles of HDO\/H2O in the troposphere","volume":"110","author":"Ehhalt","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Geophys Res-Atmos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6125","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-17-6125-2017","article-title":"The stable isotopic composition of water vapour above Corsica during the Hymex Sop1 campaign: Insight into vertical mixing processes from lower-tropospheric survey flights","volume":"17","author":"Sodemann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos Chem Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11217","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0910818107","article-title":"Predicting global atmospheric ice nuclei distributions and their impacts on climate","volume":"107","author":"DeMott","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2026.121798","article-title":"Vertical distribution characteristics of aerosol particles at Mt. Qomolangma using the tethered balloon","volume":"368","author":"Fan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1501704","article-title":"Surface-atmosphere decoupling limits accumulation at summit, Greenland","volume":"2","author":"Berkelhammer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10911","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-21-10911-2021","article-title":"Experimental investigation of the stable water isotope distribution in an alpine lake environment (l-waive)","volume":"21","author":"Chazette","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos Chem Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1002\/2017GL075770","article-title":"Using stable isotopes in water vapor to diagnose relationships between lower-tropospheric stability, mixing, and low-cloud cover near the island of Hawaii","volume":"45","author":"Galewsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"Geophys Res Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5029","DOI":"10.1029\/JC084iC08p05029","article-title":"Global climatic interpretation of the deuterium-oxygen-18 relationship for precipitation","volume":"84","author":"Merlivat","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Geophys Res-Oceans"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4067","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-13-4067-2021","article-title":"Eurec4a","volume":"13","author":"Stevens","year":"2021","journal-title":"Earth Syst Sci Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2018.302","article-title":"A global database of water vapor isotopes measured with high temporal resolution infrared laser spectroscopy","volume":"6","author":"Wei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Data"}],"container-title":["Science Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2095927326005451?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2095927326005451?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:32:32Z","timestamp":1792092752000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2095927326005451"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S2095927326005451"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043","relation":{},"ISSN":["2095-9273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2095-9273","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Late-spring vertical profiles in atmospheric water vapor stable isotopes reveal westerlies moisture transport across the Himalaya into the Asian Water Towers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science Bulletin","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.043","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science China Press.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}