{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T04:14:54Z","timestamp":1792815294378,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32070912"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32070912"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012458","name":"Chongqing Basic Science and Advanced Technology Research Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSTB2024TIAD-STX0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSTB2024TIAD-STX0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012458","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science Bulletin"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T06:07:41Z","timestamp":1785996461000},"page":"4472-4489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A tolerogenic mRNA-LNP vaccine alleviates neuroinflammation and demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhangchi","family":"Dongye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxi","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaonan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuzhang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1401483","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis","volume":"378","author":"Reich","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-052920-040318","article-title":"The immune response in multiple sclerosis","volume":"17","author":"Rodr\u00edguez Mur\u00faa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61620-7","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis","volume":"372","author":"Compston","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520970841","article-title":"Rising prevalence of multiple sclerosis worldwide: insights from the atlas of MS, third edition","volume":"26","author":"Walton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52001-2.00003-0","article-title":"The good and the bad of neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis","volume":"122","author":"Naegele","year":"2014","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp070","article-title":"The relation between inflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis brains","volume":"132","author":"Frischer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.008","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis: neuroimmune crosstalk and therapeutic targeting","volume":"186","author":"Charabati","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01302.x","article-title":"Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a model for multiple sclerosis (MS)","volume":"164","author":"Constantinescu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2024.03.013","article-title":"Animal model of multiple sclerosis: experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"188","author":"Mu\u00f1oz-Jurado","year":"2024","journal-title":"Methods Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01952-8","article-title":"Evolving understanding of autoimmune mechanisms and new therapeutic strategies of autoimmune disorders","volume":"9","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0055","article-title":"Mechanisms of antigen-induced reversal of CNS inflammation in experimental demyelinating disease","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11579","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b06575","article-title":"Cytomembrane infused polymer accelerating delivery of myelin antigen peptide to treat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0015-4","article-title":"Antigen-specific therapeutic approaches for autoimmunity","volume":"37","author":"Serra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2019.07.011","article-title":"Antigen-specific tolerance to self-antigens in protein replacement therapy, gene therapy and autoimmunity","volume":"61","author":"Steinman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.640935","article-title":"Antigen-specific immune tolerance in multiple sclerosis-promising approaches and how to bring them to patients","volume":"12","author":"Lutterotti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-024-01201-w","article-title":"Antigen-specific immunotherapies for autoimmune disease","volume":"21","author":"Buckner","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12535","article-title":"Restimulation-induced cell death: new medical and research perspectives","volume":"277","author":"Zheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fceld.2023.1281137","article-title":"Molecular and temporal control of restimulation-induced cell death (RICD) in T lymphocytes","volume":"2","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cell Death"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.17.1.221","article-title":"Mature T lymphocyte apoptosis-immune regulation in a dynamic and unpredictable antigenic environment","volume":"17","author":"Lenardo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2010.00917.x","article-title":"The power and the promise of restimulation-induced cell death in human immune diseases","volume":"236","author":"Snow","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23003","article-title":"Personalized RNA mutanome vaccines mobilize poly-specific therapeutic immunity against cancer","volume":"547","author":"Sahin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2022483","article-title":"An mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2\u2014preliminary report","volume":"383","author":"Jackson","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2025.126263","article-title":"Endosomal escape and current obstacles in ionizable lipid nanoparticles mediated gene delivery: lessons from COVID-19 vaccines","volume":"685","author":"Meerasa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-024-00977-6","article-title":"The 60-year evolution of lipid nanoparticles for nucleic acid delivery","volume":"23","author":"Cullis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-021-01311-z","article-title":"mRNA vaccine: a potential therapeutic strategy","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(99)00139-3","article-title":"IL-6 plays a crucial role in the induction phase of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35\u201355 induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"101","author":"Okuda","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3006168","article-title":"Antigen-specific tolerance by autologous myelin peptide-coupled cells: a phase 1 trial in multiple sclerosis","volume":"5","author":"Lutterotti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e93","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000093","article-title":"Preclinical development and first-in-human study of ATX-MS-1467 for immunotherapy of MS","volume":"2","author":"Streeter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.3022","article-title":"Transdermal application of myelin peptides in multiple sclerosis treatment","volume":"70","author":"Walczak","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22219","article-title":"Immune regulation of multiple sclerosis by transdermally applied myelin peptides","volume":"68","author":"Jury\u0144czyk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14426","article-title":"Mutant MHC class II epitopes drive therapeutic immune responses to cancer","volume":"520","author":"Kreiter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2021.08.005","article-title":"Small-scale manufacturing of neoantigen-encoding messenger RNA for early-phase clinical trials","volume":"24","author":"Ingels","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e898","DOI":"10.1002\/cpz1.898","article-title":"mRNA synthesis and encapsulation in ionizable lipid nanoparticles","volume":"3","author":"McKenzie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Protoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2013.09.008","article-title":"Visualization of inflammation and demyelination in 2D2 transgenic mice with rodent MRI","volume":"264","author":"Bell","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0175","first-page":"9.49.1","article-title":"Measurement and characterization of apoptosis by flow cytometry","volume":"77","author":"Telford","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Cytom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14.38.1","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142735.im1438s112","article-title":"Measuring apoptosis by microscopy and flow cytometry","volume":"112","author":"Hollville","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.2174\/156720205774322601","article-title":"Experimental models of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: current concepts and perspective","volume":"2","author":"Skundric","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Neurovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.09.041","article-title":"Protective and therapeutic role of bilobalide in cuprizone-induced demyelination","volume":"66","author":"Sui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01366-9","article-title":"Myelin insulation as a risk factor for axonal degeneration in autoimmune demyelinating disease","volume":"26","author":"Sch\u00e4ffner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3015","article-title":"TRPM4 cation channel mediates axonal and neuronal degeneration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis","volume":"18","author":"Schattling","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2708","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202170126","article-title":"Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (third edition)","volume":"51","author":"Cossarizza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-05551-3","article-title":"Microglia and meningeal macrophages depletion delays the onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"14","author":"Montilla","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-025-03510-7","article-title":"Dihydroartemisinin enhances remyelination by switching microglia to the reparative phenotype","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.12.074","article-title":"Roflumilast: modulating neuroinflammation and improving motor function and depressive symptoms in multiple sclerosis","volume":"350","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-025-01379-7","article-title":"Cholesterol metabolic reprogramming mediates microglia-induced chronic neuroinflammation and hinders neurorestoration following stroke","volume":"7","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-0978-3","article-title":"Effectors of Th1 and Th17 cells act on astrocytes and augment their neuroinflammatory properties","volume":"14","author":"Prajeeth","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2013.04.001","article-title":"B7-H4Ig inhibits mouse and human T-cell function and treats EAE via IL-10\/Treg-dependent mechanisms","volume":"44","author":"Podojil","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109602","article-title":"ZEB1 promotes pathogenic Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation in multiple sclerosis","volume":"36","author":"Qian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2351","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.17256","article-title":"LncRNA-miRNA network analysis across the Th17 cell line reveals biomarker potency of lncRNA NEAT1 and KCNQ1OT1 in multiple sclerosis","volume":"26","author":"Karimi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.145236","article-title":"The expression analyses of RMRP, DDX5, and RORC in RRMS patients treated with different drugs versus na\u00efve patients and healthy controls","volume":"769","author":"Rahmani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.09.021","article-title":"The kinase PKC\u03b1 selectively upregulates interleukin-17A during Th17 cell immune responses","volume":"38","author":"Meisel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.790","article-title":"Halofuginone and other febrifugine derivatives inhibit prolyl-tRNA synthetase","volume":"8","author":"Keller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.1.249","article-title":"Targeted deletion of fgl2 leads to impaired regulatory T cell activity and development of autoimmune glomerulonephritis","volume":"180","author":"Shalev","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201242881","article-title":"Diversification and senescence of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"43","author":"Tauro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-015-0292-x","article-title":"Role of IL-16 in CD4+ T cell-mediated regulation of relapsing multiple sclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Skundric","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3410","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003410","article-title":"Parasitic nematode-induced CD4+Foxp3+T cells can ameliorate allergic airway inflammation","volume":"8","author":"Kang","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay3638","article-title":"A noninflammatory mRNA vaccine for treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"371","author":"Krienke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aau6085","article-title":"Structure and function of the immune system in the spleen","volume":"4","author":"Lewis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16091270","article-title":"Tolerogenic lipid nanoparticles for delivering self-antigen mRNA for the treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"16","author":"Gomi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9334","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6b04001","article-title":"Design of polyelectrolyte multilayers to promote immunological tolerance","volume":"10","author":"Tostanoski","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2023.103312","article-title":"Treatment of autoimmunity: the impact of disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis and comorbid autoimmune disorders","volume":"22","author":"Konen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-014-1310-2","article-title":"Macrophage subsets and microglia in multiple sclerosis","volume":"128","author":"Bogie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ard.2025.08.014","article-title":"GZMK+CD8+ T cells target a specific acinar cell type in Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s disease","volume":"85","author":"Pranzatelli","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2024-225876","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptomics reveal potent extrafollicular B cell response linked with granzyme K+ CD8 T cell activation in lupus kidney","volume":"84","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.013","article-title":"Single-cell atlas of healthy human blood unveils age-related loss of NKG2C+GZMB\u2212CD8+ memory T cells and accumulation of type 2 memory T cells","volume":"56","author":"Terekhova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9520","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179520","article-title":"NKT and NKT-like cells in autoimmune neuroinflammatory diseases-multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis and Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Zarobkiewicz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2434","article-title":"Microparticles bearing encephalitogenic peptides induce T-cell tolerance and ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"30","author":"Getts","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.05.020","article-title":"Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction to quell neuroinflammation in central nervous system (CNS): a new strategy for treating CNS disease with nanomedicines","volume":"71","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.113945","article-title":"Impact of ionizable lipid type on the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of mRNA-lipid nanoparticles after intravenous and subcutaneous injection","volume":"384","author":"Ren","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01007-w","article-title":"mRNA-based therapeutics: powerful and versatile tools to combat diseases","volume":"7","author":"Qin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.10709","article-title":"MHCI trafficking signal-based mRNA vaccines strengthening immune protection against RNA viruses","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioeng Transl Med"}],"container-title":["Science Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2095927326008832?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2095927326008832?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T20:33:21Z","timestamp":1789590801000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2095927326008832"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S2095927326008832"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["2095-9273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2095-9273","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A tolerogenic mRNA-LNP vaccine alleviates neuroinflammation and demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science Bulletin","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scib.2026.08.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Science China Press. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science China Press. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}