{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T11:12:51Z","timestamp":1782990771912,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]],"date-time":"2016-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480550400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001501","name":"University Grants Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F. 17-82\/2008 (SA-1)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F. 17-82\/2008 (SA-1)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001501","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001501","name":"University Grants Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F.15-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F.15-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001501","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","scienceandjusticejournal.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science &amp; Justice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,30]],"date-time":"2016-06-30T01:08:12Z","timestamp":1467248892000},"page":"431-436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Age of fusion of the distal radial and ulnar epiphyses from hand radiographs\u2014A study in Kashmiri population"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Nida","family":"Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farida","family":"Noor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shabir","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid Majid","family":"Fazili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s004140050283","article-title":"Age estimation: the state of the art in relation to the specific demands of forensic practise","volume":"113","author":"Ritz-Timme","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s004149900102","article-title":"Effects of ethnicity on skeletal maturation: consequences for forensic age estimations","volume":"113","author":"Schmeling","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Legal Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0015","first-page":"9","article-title":"U\u00a8lkemizdeadli t\u0131p uygulamalar\u0131ndakars\u00b8\u0131las\u00b8\u0131langu\u00a8c\u00b8lu\u00a8klervec\u00b8o\u00a8zu\u00a8mo\u00a8nerileri. Difficulties faced in forensic medicine procedures in our country and recommended solutions","volume":"1","author":"Korkut","year":"2001","journal-title":"KlinikAdli T\u0131p"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0020","first-page":"140","volume":"2","author":"Bilgin","year":"2003"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000329372","article-title":"The use of bone age in clinical practice\u2013part 1","volume":"76","author":"Martin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Horm. Res. Paediatr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcs230","article-title":"Prediction of adult height by Tanner\u2013Whitehouse method in young Caucasian male athletes","volume":"106","author":"Ostojic","year":"2013","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0035","first-page":"269","article-title":"Forensic age estimation of live adolescents and young adults","volume":"5","author":"Schmeling","year":"2008"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.2165\/11590300-000000000-00000","article-title":"Skeletal age and age verification in youth sport","volume":"41","author":"Malina","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.legalmed.2008.01.003","article-title":"Studies in use of the Greulich\u2013Pyle skeletal age method to assess criminal liability","volume":"10","author":"Schmidt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Legal Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0050","series-title":"Children's Rights and the Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility: A Global Perspective","author":"Cipriani","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1086\/652199","article-title":"Juvenile offenders in the adult criminal justice system","volume":"27","author":"Bishop","year":"2000","journal-title":"Crim. Just."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01611.x","article-title":"Development of the adolescent brain: implications for executive function and social cognition","volume":"47","author":"Blakemore","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0065","series-title":"Justice for Children","article-title":"The situation for children in conflict with the law in Afghanistan","year":"2007"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s002560050380","article-title":"Skeletal age assessment in children and young adults: comparison between a newly developed sonographic method and conventional methods","volume":"27","author":"Castriota-Scanderbeg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Skelet. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0075","series-title":"AdliT\u0131p'tayas\u00b8 tayini. Age determination in forensic medicine. TC. AdaletBakanl\u0131g\u02d8\u0131Adli T\u0131p KurumuYay\u0131nlar\u0131, Istanbul","first-page":"1","author":"G\u00f6k","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0080","series-title":"Determination of Identity","first-page":"173","article-title":"Kimlikbelirtimi","volume":"4","author":"\u00d6zen","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0085","first-page":"13","article-title":"Estimaci\u00f3nforense de la edad en tornoa 18 a\u00f1os","volume":"31","author":"Garamendi","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0090","first-page":"59","article-title":"EinVerfahrenzurBestimmung des biologischenKnochenalters","volume":"11","author":"Gefferth","year":"1970","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr. Acad. Sci. Hung."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0095","series-title":"Radiographic Atlas of Skeletal Development of the Hand and Wrist","author":"Greulich","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0100","first-page":"305","article-title":"A longitudinal study of skeletal maturation","volume":"101","author":"Hansman","year":"1961","journal-title":"Am. J. Dis. Child."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0105","series-title":"Atlas der normalen und pathologischenHandskelettentwicklung","author":"Schmid","year":"1960"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0110","series-title":"Assessment of Skeletal Maturity and Prediction of Adult Height (TW2 Method)","author":"Tanner","year":"1975"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0115","first-page":"309","article-title":"Zur Frage der Akzelerationinder Entwicklung der Knochenkerne der Hand","volume":"77","author":"Thiemann","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arztl. Jugendkd."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0358.85339","article-title":"Radiographic imaging of the wrist","volume":"44","author":"Bhat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J. Plast. Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2481071451","article-title":"Effective doses in radiology and diagnostic nuclear medicine: a catalog 1","volume":"248","author":"Mettler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-61-728-683","article-title":"Bone age estimation: a comparison of methods","volume":"61","author":"Cole","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(86)80376-2","article-title":"Assessment of bone age: a comparison of the Greulich and Pyle, and the Tanner and Whitehouse methods","volume":"37","author":"Milner","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.81.2.172","article-title":"Bone age assessment: a large scale comparison of the Greulich and Pyle, and Tanner and Whitehouse (TW2) methods","volume":"81","author":"Bull","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0145","series-title":"Assessment of Skeletal Maturity and Prediction of Adult Height (TW3 Method)","author":"Tanner","year":"2001"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.03.002","article-title":"Age assessment using the Greulich and Pyle method on a heterogeneous sample of 300 Italian healthy and pathologic subjects","volume":"229","author":"De Donno","year":"2013","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0155","first-page":"1015","article-title":"The study of epiphyseal union for determining the age of South Indians","volume":"23","author":"Pillai","year":"1936","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0160","first-page":"191","article-title":"Some notes on the union of epiphysis in Indian girls","volume":"65","author":"Galstaun","year":"1930","journal-title":"Ind. Med. Gaz."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0165","first-page":"67","article-title":"In discussion of Saksena J.S. and Vyas S.K. vide infra","volume":"53","author":"Das","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Indian Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0170","first-page":"67","article-title":"Epiphyseal union at the wrist, knee and iliac crest in residents of Madhya Pradesh","volume":"53","author":"Saksena","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Indian Med. Assoc."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0175","first-page":"389","article-title":"Age of epiphyseal union at the wrist joint in Uttar Pradesh","volume":"30","author":"Loomba","year":"1958","journal-title":"J. Indian Med. Assoc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0180","first-page":"10","article-title":"A roentgenologic study of epiphyseal union around elbow, wrist and knee joints and the pelvis in boys and girls of Uttar Pradesh","volume":"62","author":"Das","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Indian Med. Assoc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(98)00134-0","article-title":"Estimation of age from epiphyseal union at the wrist and ankle joints in the capital city of India","volume":"98","author":"Banerjee","year":"1998","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-2778(10)80027-9","article-title":"Ages of epiphyseal union around wrist joint\u2014a radiological study","volume":"59","author":"Nemade","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Anat. Soc. India"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0195","first-page":"125","article-title":"Epiphyseal fusion at lower end of radius and ulna valuable tool for age determination","volume":"33","author":"Patel","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Indian Acad. Forensic Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(95)01736-3","article-title":"Time of fusion of epiphyses at the elbow and wrist joints in girls of Northwest India","volume":"74","author":"Sahni","year":"1995","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0205","series-title":"Frazers Anatomy of Human Skeleton","author":"Breathnach","year":"1958"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0210","series-title":"Gray's Anatomy Descriptive and Applied","author":"Bannister","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0215","first-page":"97","article-title":"Time of appearance and fusion of ossification centers as observed by roentgenographic methods","volume":"47","author":"Flecker","year":"1942","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0220","first-page":"432","article-title":"The union of certain epiphyses in a mixed female population in Rangoon","volume":"70","author":"Barrett","year":"1936","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330080404","article-title":"Time of ossification of the bones of the hand of the male and female and union of epiphyses with the diaphyses","volume":"89","author":"Pryor","year":"1925","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1090250503","article-title":"Differences in the time of development of centers of ossification in the male and female skeleton","volume":"25","author":"Pryor","year":"1923","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0235","first-page":"28","article-title":"A radiological investigation of the epiphyses of the long bones","volume":"64","author":"Paterson","year":"1929","journal-title":"J.Anat."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0240","first-page":"81","article-title":"Ages of epiphyseal union at elbow and wrist joints amongst 238 children in North West Frontier Province","volume":"76","author":"Ledger","year":"1941","journal-title":"Ind. Med. Gaz."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0245","series-title":"Cunningham's Textbook of Anatomy","author":"Brash","year":"1953"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0250","first-page":"196","article-title":"The dates of union of some epiphyses in Egyptians from X-ray photographs","volume":"65","author":"Sidhom","year":"1931","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.031021","article-title":"Age determination by magnetic resonance imaging of the wrist in adolescent male football players","volume":"41","author":"Dvorak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2010.074948","article-title":"Comparison study of growth plate fusion using MRI versus plain radiographs as used in age determination for exclusion of overaged football players","volume":"46","author":"George","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.033431","article-title":"Application of MRI of the wrist for age determination in international U-17 soccer competitions","volume":"41","author":"Dvorak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."}],"container-title":["Science &amp; Justice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1355030616300600?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1355030616300600?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,10]],"date-time":"2018-09-10T17:24:40Z","timestamp":1536600280000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1355030616300600"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1355030616300600"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-0306"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1355-0306","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Age of fusion of the distal radial and ulnar epiphyses from hand radiographs\u2014A study in Kashmiri population","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science & Justice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.06.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 The Chartered Society of Forensic Sciences. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}