{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T17:09:15Z","timestamp":1771607355558,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science &amp; Justice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2023.06.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,17]],"date-time":"2023-06-17T11:35:20Z","timestamp":1687001720000},"page":"529-536","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Background levels of body fluids and DNA on the shaft of the penis and associated underpants in the absence of sexual activity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5154-2761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Boyce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1267-5569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Doole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2023.06.003_b0005","unstructured":"J. Allard, Body fluids in sexual offences, in: J. Fraser, R. Williams (Eds.), Handbook of Forensic Science, Willan Publishing, Devon, 2009, pp. 142-165."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2023.06.003_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S1355-0306(98)72117-3","article-title":"A hierarchy of propositions: Deciding which level to address in casework","volume":"38","author":"Cook","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sci. Justice - J. Forensic Sci. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2023.06.003_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2013.00242","article-title":"Understanding DNA results within the case context: Importance of the alternative proposition","volume":"4","author":"McKenna","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2023.06.003_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2018.06.001","article-title":"Evaluation of forensic genetics findings given activity level propositions: A review","volume":"36","author":"Taylor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2023.06.003_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2019.102186","volume":"44","author":"Gill","year":"2020","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2023.06.003_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-200006000-00001","article-title":"Isolation and identification of female DNA on post-coital penile swabs","volume":"21","author":"Cina","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2023.06.003_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2012.02.029","article-title":"Assessing the presence of female DNA on post-coitel penile swabs: Relevence to the investigation of sexual assault","volume":"19","author":"Farmen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2023.06.003_b0040","unstructured":"S. Willis et al, ENFSI guideline for evaluative reporting in forensic science (strengthening the evaluation of forensic results across Europe (STEOFRAE), 2015."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2023.06.003_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2015.10.004","article-title":"DNA transfer through nonintimate social contact","volume":"56","author":"Jones","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Justice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2023.06.003_b0050","unstructured":"Recommendations for the collection of forensic specimens from complainants and suspects, The Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine published guidelines for Forensic Medical Examiners, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2023.06.003_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9432(74)90006-5","article-title":"The persistence of seminal constituents in the human vagina","volume":"3","author":"Davies","year":"1974","journal-title":"Forensic Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2023.06.003_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S1355-0306(97)72154-3","article-title":"The collection of data from findings in cases of sexual assault and the significance of spermatozoa on vaginal, anal and oral swabs","volume":"37","author":"Allard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sci. Justice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2023.06.003_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(89)90123-0","article-title":"Information from penile swabs in sexual assault cases","volume":"43","author":"Keating","year":"1989","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2023.06.003_b0070","first-page":"89","article-title":"The detection of amylase on swabs from sexual assault cases, Journal For","volume":"34","author":"Keating","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sci. Soc."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2023.06.003_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12866","article-title":"Background levels of salivary-\u03b1-amylase plus foreign DNA in cases of oral intercourse: a female perspective","volume":"60","author":"Breathnach","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2023.06.003_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.03.029","article-title":"Oral intercourse or secondary transfer? A Bayesian approach of salivary amylase and foreign DNA findings","volume":"229","author":"Breathnach","year":"2013","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2023.06.003_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigss.2009.08.105","article-title":"Impact of relevant variables on the transfer of biological substances","volume":"2","author":"Van Oorschot","year":"2009","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. Suppl. Ser."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2023.06.003_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2009.05.001","article-title":"Secondary DNA transfer of biological substances under varying test conditions","volume":"4","author":"Goray","year":"2010","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int. Genet."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2023.06.003_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1108\/00346650110385855","article-title":"A study into the measurement of \u03b1-amylase activity using Phadebas\u00ae, iodine and gel-diffusion procedures","volume":"31","author":"Maidment","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nutrition & Food Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2023.06.003_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2010.03.003","article-title":"Evaluation of amylase testing as a tool for saliva screening of crime scene trace swabs","volume":"5","author":"Hedman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int., Forensic Sci. Int. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2023.06.003_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigss.2011.08.078","article-title":"Phadebas\u00ae \u00ae Forensic Press test and the presence of amylases in body fluids naturally deposited on textile","volume":"3","author":"Ols\u00e9n","year":"2011","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. Suppl. Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2023.06.003_b0110","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.Phadebas\u00ae .com\/areas-of-use\/forensic-biology\/, (accessed 23 October 2019)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2023.06.003_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2018.03.049","article-title":"The evaluation and validation of Phadebas\u00ae \u00ae paper as a presumptive screening tool for saliva on forensic exhibits","volume":"288","author":"Wornes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2023.06.003_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.4852.19","article-title":"Urinary excretion of acid phosphatase","volume":"1","author":"Daniel","year":"1954","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2023.06.003_b0125","article-title":"A study of the background levels of male DNA on underpants worn by females","author":"Murphy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2023.06.003_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.legalmed.2014.10.003","article-title":"The complexities of DNA transfer during a social setting","volume":"17","author":"Goray","year":"2015","journal-title":"Leg. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2023.06.003_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2013.03.013","article-title":"DNA transfer: review and implications for casework","volume":"7","author":"Meakin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2023.06.003_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2018.10.014","article-title":"DNA transfer in forensic science: a review","volume":"38","author":"van Oorschot","year":"2019","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2023.06.003_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2017.08.015","article-title":"An inter-laboratory comparison study on transfer, persistence and recovery of DNA from cable ties","volume":"31","author":"Steensma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2023.06.003_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2018.09.006","article-title":"Sharing data on DNA transfer, persistence, prevalence and recovery: arguments for harmonization and standardization","volume":"37","author":"Kokshoorn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int. Genet."}],"container-title":["Science &amp; Justice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1355030623000655?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1355030623000655?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:52:22Z","timestamp":1761180742000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1355030623000655"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1355030623000655"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scijus.2023.06.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-0306"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1355-0306","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Background levels of body fluids and DNA on the shaft of the penis and associated underpants in the absence of sexual activity","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science & Justice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scijus.2023.06.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown Copyright \u00a9 2023 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Chartered Society of Forensic Sciences. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}