{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:49:33Z","timestamp":1790812173442,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.09.040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,11]],"date-time":"2008-11-11T07:43:18Z","timestamp":1226389398000},"page":"847-852","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Deforestation and greenhouse gas emissions associated with fuelwood consumption of the brick making industry in Sudan"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"407","author":[{"given":"Syed Ashraful","family":"Alam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Starr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.09.040_bib1","unstructured":"Alam S.A. Use of biomass fuels in the brick making industries of Sudan: Implications for deforestation and greenhouse gas emission. M. Sc. thesis, Department of Forest Ecology, Viikki Tropical Resources Institute (VITRI), University of Helsinki, Finland, 2006, 87 pp. [Available as e-thesis at: http:\/\/ethesis.helsinki.fi\/julkaisut\/maa\/mekol\/pg\/alam\/useofbio.pdf accessed on 25\/05\/06]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.09.040_bib2","series-title":"Investigation on the production and marketing of bagasse processed fuel and its use in brick-making industry. Khartoum, Sudan","author":"BENS (Biomass Energy Network of Sudan)","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.09.040_bib3","series-title":"US Environmental Protection Agency","article-title":"Assessment of promising forest management practices and technologies for enhancing the conservation and sequestration of atmospheric carbon and their costs at the site level","author":"Dixon","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.09.040_bib4","series-title":"Field Document No. 35, FAO\/RWEDP, Bangkok, Thailand","article-title":"Status and development issues of the brick industry in Asia","author":"FAO","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.09.040_bib5","unstructured":"FAO. The role of wood energy in Africa. Wood Energy Today for Tomorrow (WETT), Regional studies working paper FOPW\/99\/3, 1999. [Available at: http:\/\/www.fao.org\/documents\/show_cdr.asp?url_file=\/docrep\/x2740e\/x2740e00.htm accessed on 22\/09\/05]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.09.040_bib6","series-title":"Forestry outlook study for Africa (FOSA): Sudan. Government of Sudan, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests & Forests National Corporation","author":"FAO","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.09.040_bib7","series-title":"Forestry development project","article-title":"Forest products consumption survey in the Sudan, summary of findings","author":"FNC","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.09.040_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-4215(92)90148-U","article-title":"Biomass energy: lessons from case studies in developing countries","volume":"20","author":"Hall","year":"1992","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.09.040_bib9","series-title":"Brick making industry in Sudan. Building and Road Research Institute (BRRI)","author":"Hamid","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.09.040_bib10","unstructured":"IPCC. IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. Volumes I, II and III. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, United Nations Environment Program, World Meteorological Organization, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and International Energy Agency, 1994."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.09.040_bib11","article-title":"Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change","author":"IPCC","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.09.040_bib12","unstructured":"Lefevre T, Todoc J, Timilsina G. The role of wood energy in Asia. FAO, Forestry Department, Wood Energy Today for Tomorrow (WETT), Regional Studies, Working Paper FOPW\/97\/2, Rome, 1997, 107 pp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.09.040_bib13","unstructured":"MEPD (Ministry of Environment & Physical Development) and HCENR (Higher Council for Environment and Natural Resources). Sudan's first national communications under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Volume 1, main communications, 2003. [Available at: http:\/\/unfccc.int\/resource\/docs\/natc\/sudnc1.pdf accessed on 15\/02\/05]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.09.040_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2003.12.011","article-title":"Biomass energy potential and future prospect in Sudan","volume":"9","author":"Omer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Renew Sustain Energy Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.09.040_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-5442(99)00030-4","article-title":"Greenhouse-gas emissions from biofuel combustion in Asia","volume":"24","author":"Streets","year":"1999","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.09.040_bib16","series-title":"Review of wood energy data in REWDP member countries. FAO Regional Wood Energy Development Programme in Asia, GCP\/RAS\/154\/NET, Field Document No. 47, Thailand","first-page":"104 pp","author":"Thomas","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.09.040_bib17","series-title":"Revised IPCC guidelines for national GHG inventories Volume 3: GHG Inventory Reference Manual. IPCC, Bracknell, UK","author":"UNEP\/OECD\/IEA\/IPCC","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.09.040_bib18","series-title":"Global Environment Division. The World Bank. USA","article-title":"Greenhouse gas assessment handbook: a practical guidance document for the assessment of project-level greenhouse gas emissions","author":"WB (The World Bank)","year":"1998"}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969708010048?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969708010048?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,24]],"date-time":"2018-12-24T14:21:52Z","timestamp":1545661312000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969708010048"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0048969708010048"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.09.040","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}}}