{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T12:40:29Z","timestamp":1772800829214,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]],"date-time":"2009-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233446400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,11]],"date-time":"2008-12-11T12:16:32Z","timestamp":1228997792000},"page":"1683-1690","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Occurrence of cocaine in the air of the World\u2019s cities"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"407","author":[{"given":"Angelo","family":"Cecinato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catia","family":"Balducci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graziano","family":"Nervegna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib1","series-title":"Rapporto sulla qualit\u00e0 dell'aria di Milano e provincia anno 2005","author":"ARPA Lombardia","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0272-4332.2003.00400.x","article-title":"Risk perception in a developing country: the case of Chile","volume":"23","author":"Bronfman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Risk Anal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/0-306-47148-5_22","article-title":"Cocaine metabolism in humans after use of alcohol. Clinical and research implications","volume":"14","author":"Cami","year":"1998","journal-title":"Recent Dev Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8421","DOI":"10.1021\/ac061095b","article-title":"Identification and measurement of illicit drugs and their metabolites in urban wastewater by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"78","author":"Castiglioni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.200700039","article-title":"Detection of cocaine in the airborne particles of the Italian cities Rome and Taranto","volume":"30","author":"Cecinato","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Sep Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib6","series-title":"Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook","author":"CIA","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2005.07.043","article-title":"Analysis of cocaine and three of its metabolites in hair by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using ion-trap detection for CI\/MS\/MS","volume":"826","author":"Cognard","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2005.01.003","article-title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their molecular diagnostic ratios in urban atmospheric respirable particulate matter","volume":"75","author":"del Rosario Sienra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Atmos Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib9","series-title":"Annual Report 2007: the state of the drugs problem in Europe","article-title":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","author":"EMCDDA","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2007.01.009","article-title":"A practical guide to analytical method validation, including measurement uncertainty and accuracy profiles","volume":"26","author":"Gonzales","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Anal Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2004.08.038","article-title":"Practical digest for evaluating the uncertainty of analytical assays from validation data according to the LGC\/VAM protocol","volume":"65","author":"Gonzales","year":"2004","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2006.12.045","article-title":"Development of a LC\/MS\/MS method for the analysis of cannabinoids in human EDTA-plasma and urine after small doses of Cannabis sativa extracts","volume":"850","author":"Grauwiler","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2004.04.005","article-title":"Validated semiquantitative\/quantitative screening of 51 drugs in whole blood as silylated derivatives by gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry and gas chromatography electron capture detection","volume":"806","author":"Gunnar","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib14","unstructured":"GURI, 2007. Gazzetta Ufficiale della Repubblica Italiana. Decreto Legge 3 Agosto 2007, n. 152: \u201cAttuazione della direttiva 2004\/107\/CE concernente l'arsenico, il cadmio, il mercurio, il nichel e gli idrocarburi policiclici aromatici nell'aria ambiente\u201d. Published in the Gazzetta Ufficiale della Repubblica Italiana n. 213 del 13 settembre 2007\u2014Suppl.Ordinario n. 194."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3502","DOI":"10.1021\/es9706561","article-title":"Bioassay-directed chemical analysis of Los Angeles airborne particulate matter using a human cell mutagenicity assay","volume":"32","author":"Hannigan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib16","series-title":"Validation and Qualification in Analytical Laboratories","author":"Huber","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib17","unstructured":"Italian Police Annual Drug Report 2007. http:\/\/www.poliziadistato.it\/pds\/online\/antidroga\/dati_sic_antidrog_2007.htm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2004.03.045","article-title":"Determination of cocaine, its metabolites, pyrolysis products and ethanol adducts in post-mortem fluids and tissues using Zymark\u00ae automated solid phase extraction and gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry","volume":"806","author":"Lewis","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.09.035","article-title":"Adult and in-uterus exposure to cocaine alters sensitivity to the Parkinsonian toxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine","volume":"137","author":"Lloyd","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3071","DOI":"10.1021\/es001875g","article-title":"Measurements of atmospheric carboxylic acids and carbonyl compounds in S\u00e3o Paulo City, Brazil","volume":"35","author":"Montero","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(03)00246-6","article-title":"Cocaine\u2013protein targets in mouse liver","volume":"66","author":"Ndikum-Moffor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib22","series-title":"Engineering Statistics Handbook","author":"NIST","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S126","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(97)83051-5","article-title":"In vivo evaluation of cocaine genotoxicity","volume":"379","author":"Oliveira","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2007.03.001","article-title":"Seasonal distribution of polar organic compounds in the urban atmosphere of two large cities from North and South of Europe","volume":"41","author":"Oliveira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5235","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(01)00349-1","article-title":"An atmospheric stability index based on radon progeny measurements for the evaluation of primary urban pollution","volume":"35","author":"Perrino","year":"2001","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib26","unstructured":"Portuguese Environmental Agency, 2008 http:\/\/www.qualar.org\/index.php?page=4&subpage=3& estacao=1023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib27","series-title":"Drugs addictions. Annual Report on the State of Drugs Addiction in Italy in 2007","author":"Presidency of the Italian Council of Ministers","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4039","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(99)00145-4","article-title":"Rapid urban growth, land-use changes and air pollution in Santiago, Chile","volume":"33","author":"Romero","year":"1999","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(02)00161-9","article-title":"Efficient screening method for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in airborne particles. Application in real samples of Santiago, Chile metropolitan urban area","volume":"36","author":"Romero","year":"2002","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib30","first-page":"157","article-title":"Microorganic pollutants in the outskirts of Rome","volume":"93","author":"Sbrilli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Chim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-006-0005-3","article-title":"Evaluation of isotopically labelled internal standards and methods of derivatization for quantitative determination of cocaine and related compounds","volume":"24","author":"Sheng-Meng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Forensic Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib32","series-title":"Italian National Environmental Information System Network","author":"SINANET","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-8807(01)00074-6","article-title":"Spontaneous coronary artery dissection associated with cocaine use: a case report and brief review","volume":"10","author":"Steinhauer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib34","series-title":"United Nations Office on Drug And Crime. World Drug Report 2007","author":"UNODC","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib35","series-title":"United Nation Office on Drug And Crime","author":"UNODC","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2003.08.008","article-title":"Pharmacological treatments for heroin and cocaine addiction","volume":"13","author":"Van den Brink","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-007-9582-y","article-title":"Occurrence and concentration levels on nitro-PAH in the air of three Brazilian cities experiencing different emission impact","volume":"190","author":"Vasconcellos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2006.10.069","article-title":"A study on nighttime\u2013daytime PM10 concentration and elemental composition in relation to atmospheric dispersion in the urban area of Milan (Italy)","volume":"41","author":"Vecchi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)90845-R","article-title":"Histopathology of cocaine hepatotoxicity: report of four patients","volume":"98","author":"Wanless","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.legalmed.2005.12.005","article-title":"A high-performance thin-layer chromatographic technique to screen cocaine in urine samples","volume":"8","author":"Yonamine","year":"2006","journal-title":"Legal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.11022","article-title":"Estimating community drug abuse by wastewater analysis","volume":"116","author":"Zuccato","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969708011224?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969708011224?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,23]],"date-time":"2018-12-23T18:27:57Z","timestamp":1545589677000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969708011224"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0048969708011224"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.11.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]}}}