{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T03:24:48Z","timestamp":1789442688158,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364774400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364774400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]],"date-time":"2013-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1373932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":106,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST)","award":["2010-0014058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2010-0014058"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST)","award":["2012R1A1A2041481"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012R1A1A2041481"]}]},{"name":"Korean Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program","award":["CATER 2012-7110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CATER 2012-7110"]}]},{"name":"Korean Ministry of Environment","award":["2012000160004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012000160004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,21]],"date-time":"2013-03-21T15:44:05Z","timestamp":1363880645000},"page":"178-187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Ship-plume sulfur chemistry: ITCT 2K2 case study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"450-451","author":[{"given":"Hyun S.","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong H.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chul H.","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D23S26","DOI":"10.1029\/2003JD004198","article-title":"Particle characteristics following cloud-modified transport from Asia to North America","volume":"109","author":"Brock","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Geophys Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0275","series-title":"Carbon dioxide equilibria and their application","author":"Butler","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1038\/23438","article-title":"Effects of ship emissions on sulphur cycling and radiative climate forcing over the ocean","volume":"400","author":"Capaldo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L09801","DOI":"10.1029\/2006GL029020","article-title":"Sulfur dioxide emission form Peruvian copper smelters detected by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument","volume":"34","author":"Carn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Geophys Res Lett"},{"issue":"D18","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20565","DOI":"10.1029\/92JD01923","article-title":"Aqueous-phase chemical process in deliquescent sea-salt aerosols: a mechanism that couples the atmospheric cycles of S and sea salt","volume":"97","author":"Chameides","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Geophys Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D10S90","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JD005236","article-title":"An investigation of the chemistry of ship emission plumes during ITCT 2002","volume":"110","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Geophys Res"},{"issue":"5339","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5339.823","article-title":"Emission from ships","volume":"278","author":"Corbett","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"D20","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4650","DOI":"10.1029\/2003JD003751","article-title":"Updated emissions from ocean shipping","volume":"108","author":"Corbett","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Geophys Res"},{"issue":"D3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3457","DOI":"10.1029\/1998JD100040","article-title":"Global nitrogen and sulfur inventories for ocean-going ships","volume":"104","author":"Corbett","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Geophys Res"},{"issue":"D17","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4560","DOI":"10.1029\/2002JD002898","article-title":"Emission from international sea transportation and environmental impact","volume":"108","author":"Endresen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Geophys Res"},{"issue":"D7","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8347","DOI":"10.1029\/98JD01384","article-title":"A general circulation model based calculation of HCL and ClNO2 production from sea salt dechlorination: reactive chlorine emission inventory","volume":"104","author":"Erickson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Geophys Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-7-757-2007","article-title":"Multi-model simulations of the impact of international shipping on Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate in 2000 and 2030","volume":"7","author":"Eyring","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atmos Chem Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s10874-010-9155-0","article-title":"Sulfur dioxide in the tropical marine boundary layer: dry deposition and heterogeneous oxidation observed during the Pacific Atmospheric Sulfur Experiment","volume":"63","author":"Faloona","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Atmos Chem"},{"issue":"D13","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17325","DOI":"10.1029\/2000JD900209","article-title":"A study of gas-aerosol equilibrium and aerosol pH in the remote marine boundary layer during the First Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE 1)","volume":"105","author":"Firdlind","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Geophys Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-6981(81)90304-8","article-title":"Oxidation of SO2 in aqueous droplets: mass-transport limitation in laboratory studies and the ambient atmosphere","volume":"15","author":"Freiberg","year":"1981","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1080\/00022470.1985.10466003","article-title":"Development and evaluation of the offshore and coastal dispersion model","volume":"35","author":"Hanna","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Air Pollut Control Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3113","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-9-3113-2009","article-title":"The impact of traffic emissions on atmospheric ozone and OH: results from QUANTIFY","volume":"9","author":"Hoor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos Chem Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1029\/2000GL011387","article-title":"Do emissions from ship have a significant impact on concentrations of nitrogen oxides in the marine boundary layer?","volume":"27","author":"Kasibhatla","year":"2000","journal-title":"Geophys Res Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1029\/98GL01591","article-title":"The pH deliquesced sea-salt aerosol in polluted marine air","volume":"25","author":"Keene","year":"1998","journal-title":"Geophys Res Lett"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1029\/2001GL013881","article-title":"Variation of marine aerosol acidity with particle size","volume":"29","author":"Keene","year":"2002","journal-title":"Geophys Res Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5899","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-8-5899-2008","article-title":"Consistent simulation of bromine chemistry from the marine boundary layer to the stratosphere \u2014 part 1: model description, sea salt aerosols and pH","volume":"8","author":"Kerkweg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atmos Chem Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1029\/GB004i002p00165","article-title":"Volume and surface area size distribution, water mass and model fitting of CASE-WATOX marine aerosol","volume":"4","author":"Kim","year":"1990","journal-title":"Global Biogeochem Cycles"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1080\/02786829308959628","article-title":"Atmospheric gas-aerosol equilibrium I. Thermodynamic model","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"1993","journal-title":"Aeorosol Sci Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1080\/02786829308959629","article-title":"Atmospheric gas-aerosol equilibrium II. Analysis of common approximations and activity coefficient calculation methods","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"1993","journal-title":"Aeorosol Sci Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7531","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-9-7531-2009","article-title":"Investigation of ship-plume chemistry using a newly-developed photochemical\/dynamic ship-plume model","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos Chem Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-10-1287-2010","article-title":"Contributions from DMS and ship emissions to CCN observed over the summertime North Pacific","volume":"10","author":"Langley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos Chem Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1038\/46013","article-title":"Influence of NOx emissions from ships on tropospheric photochemistry and climate","volume":"402","author":"Lawrence","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0140","first-page":"D00K03","article-title":"Transport and evolution of a pollution plume from northern China: a satellite-based case study","volume":"115","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Geophys Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-6981(82)90053-1","article-title":"Sulfate aerosol production in coal-fired power plant plumes","volume":"16","author":"Liebsch","year":"1982","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1023\/B:ENMO.0000032093.26205.68","article-title":"A method for locating influential pollution sources and estimating their contributions","volume":"9","author":"Lin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Model Assess"},{"issue":"D10","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10905","DOI":"10.1029\/JD091iD10p10905","article-title":"A chemical mechanism for use in long-range transport\/acid deposition computer modeling","volume":"91","author":"Lurmann","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Geophys Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D13209","DOI":"10.1029\/2006JD007896","article-title":"Removal of sulfur dioxide and formation of sulfate aerosol in Tokyo","volume":"112","author":"Miyakawa","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Geophys Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009604003981","article-title":"ISORROPIA: a new thermodynamic equilibrium model for multiphase multicomponent inorganic aerosols","volume":"4","author":"Nenes","year":"1998","journal-title":"Aquat Geochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D23S19","DOI":"10.1029\/2003JD004488","article-title":"Gas-phase chemical characteristics of Asian emission plumes observed during ITCT 2K2 over the eastern North Pacific Ocean","volume":"109","author":"Nowak","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Geophys Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D23S01","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JD004980","article-title":"Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation 2002 (ITCT 2K2) and Pacific Exploration of Asian Continental Emission (PEACE) experiments: an overview of the 2002 winter and spring intensives","volume":"109","author":"Parrish","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Geophys Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-4-147-2004","article-title":"Halogen cycling and aerosol pH in the Hawaiian marine boundary layer","volume":"4","author":"Pszenny","year":"2004","journal-title":"Atmos Chem Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1126\/science.246.4934.1146","article-title":"Direct and remote sensing observations of the effect of ships on clouds","volume":"246","author":"Radke","year":"1989","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0190","series-title":"Chemical oceanography","author":"Riley","year":"1965"},{"issue":"D24","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31077","DOI":"10.1029\/1999JD900985","article-title":"Aerosol dynamics in ship tracks","volume":"104","author":"Russell","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Geophys Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2857","DOI":"10.1029\/1999GL900478","article-title":"The role of BrNO3 in marine tropospheric chemistry: a model study","volume":"26","author":"Sander","year":"1999","journal-title":"Geophys Res Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0210","series-title":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics: from air pollution to climate change","first-page":"379","author":"Seinfeld","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1038\/360571a0","article-title":"Removal of sulphur from the marine boundary layer by ozone oxidation in sea-salt aerosols","volume":"360","author":"Sievering","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"D4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4143","DOI":"10.1029\/2002JD002216","article-title":"Dispersion and chemical evolution of ship plumes in the marine boundary layer: investigation of O3\/NOy\/HOx chemistry","volume":"108","author":"Song","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Geophys Res"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(03)00198-5","article-title":"Chemical evolution and dispersion of ship plumes in the remote marine boundary layer: investigation of sulfur chemistry","volume":"37","author":"Song","year":"2003","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11969","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-10-11969-2010","article-title":"Source identification and budget analysis on elevated levels of formaldehyde within the ship plumes: a ship-plume photochemical\/dynamic model analysis","volume":"10","author":"Song","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos Chem Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/383327a0","article-title":"Mechanism for halogen released from sea-salt aerosol in the remote marine boundary layer","volume":"383","author":"Vogt","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1029\/2000GL012387","article-title":"Variation of sea salt aerosol pH with relatively humidity","volume":"28","author":"von Glasow","year":"2001","journal-title":"Geophys Res Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-3-233-2003","article-title":"Modeling the chemical effects of ship exhaust in the cloud-free marine boundary layer","volume":"3","author":"von Glasow","year":"2003","journal-title":"Atmos Chem Phys"},{"issue":"C8","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4481","DOI":"10.1029\/JC085iC08p04481","article-title":"Observations on acidity in continental and in marine atmospheric aerosols and in precipitation","volume":"85","author":"Winkler","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Geophys Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0260","series-title":"Chemistry of multiphase atmospheric systems","first-page":"269","article-title":"Relations between aerosol acidity and ion balance","author":"Winkler","year":"1986"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-8949\/37\/2\/008","article-title":"The growth of atmospheric aerosol particles with relative humidity","volume":"37","author":"Winkler","year":"1988","journal-title":"Phys Scr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005848828770","article-title":"A re-evaluation of sulfur budgets, lifetimes, and scavenging ratios for Eastern North America","volume":"26","author":"Wojcik","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Atmos Chem"}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969713001617?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969713001617?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T18:47:27Z","timestamp":1758653247000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969713001617"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S0048969713001617"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ship-plume sulfur chemistry: ITCT 2K2 case study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.099","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}