{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T05:10:25Z","timestamp":1769922625970,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]],"date-time":"2014-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007220","name":"Tata Steel","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007220","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,15]],"date-time":"2014-04-15T20:46:22Z","timestamp":1397594782000},"page":"497-507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Studies into the formation of PBDEs and PBDD\/Fs in the iron ore sintering process"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"485-486","author":[{"given":"D.S.","family":"Drage","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Aries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Harrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7460","DOI":"10.1021\/ac901305n","article-title":"Isotope dilution method for determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers using liquid chromatography coupled to negative ionization atmospheric pressure photoionization tandem mass spectrometry: validation and application to house dust","volume":"81","author":"Abdallah","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecs.2008.12.001","article-title":"Mechanisms for formation, chlorination, dechlorination and destructin of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD\/Fs)","volume":"35","author":"Altarawneh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog Energy Combust Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5118","DOI":"10.1021\/es305081j","article-title":"A mechanistic and kinetic study on the formation of PBDD\/Fs from PBDEs","volume":"47","author":"Altarawneh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(01)00178-3","article-title":"Sources of dioxins in the United Kingdom: the steel industry and other sources","volume":"46","author":"Anderson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2006.04.020","article-title":"PCDD\/F and \u201cdioxin-like\u201d PCB emissions from iron ore sintering plants in the UK","volume":"65","author":"Aries","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6559","article-title":"Brominated flame retardants: cause for concern?","volume":"112","author":"Birnbaum","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(03)00106-5","article-title":"Health effects of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDDs) and dibenzofurans (PBDFs)","volume":"29","author":"Birnbaum","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0040","series-title":"Major brominated flame retardants volume estimates: total market demand by region in 2001","author":"Bromine Science and Environmental Forum (BSEF)","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0045","series-title":"Brominated Science and Environmental Forum Fact Sheet","article-title":"Brominated flame retardant, Deca-BDE","author":"Bromine Science Environmental Forum (BSEF)","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-76694-0_138","article-title":"Methods for studying the de novo formation of dioxins at a laboratory scale","volume":"2007","author":"Buekens","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chall Power Eng Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1021\/es00146a015","article-title":"Polybrominated dibenzofurans and dibenzo-para-dioxins \u2014 thermal-reaction products of polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants","volume":"20","author":"Buser","year":"1986","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2012.03.084","article-title":"Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in soils of the modern Yellow River Delta, China: occurrence, distribution and inventory","volume":"88","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2007.12.032","article-title":"Atmospheric levels and distribution of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the vicinity of an iron and steel making plant","volume":"42","author":"Choi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(03)00107-7","article-title":"Toxic effects of brominated flame retardants in man and in wildlife","volume":"29","author":"Darnerud","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb5000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1080\/10643380490430672","article-title":"Brominated organic micropollutants\u2014igniting the flame retardant issue","volume":"34","author":"D'Silva","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2010.05.044","article-title":"Occurrence and characteristics of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in stack gas emissions from industrial thermal processes","volume":"80","author":"Du","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2007.10.047","article-title":"Effect of sewage sludges contaminated with polybrominated diphenylethers on agricultural soils","volume":"71","author":"Eljarrat","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2009.10.012","article-title":"Analysis of POPs in human samples reveal a contribution of brominated dioxin of up to 15% of the total dioxin TEQ","volume":"78","author":"Ericson Jogsten","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2009.11.023","article-title":"On the identity and formation routes of environmentally abundant tri- and tetrabromobenzo-p-dioxins","volume":"78","author":"Haglund","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2005.10.006","article-title":"New directions: exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): current and future scenarios","volume":"40","author":"Harrad","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6247","DOI":"10.1021\/es060630m","article-title":"Detailed Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) congener composition of the widely used penta-, octa-, and deca-PBDE technical flame-retardant mixtures","volume":"40","author":"La Guardia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6071","DOI":"10.1021\/es400478k","article-title":"Persistent toxic burdens of halogenated phenolic compounds in humans and wildlife","volume":"47","author":"Monta\u00f1o","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.2355\/isijinternational.45.609","article-title":"Observation of behaviour of dioxins and some relating elements in iron ore sintering bed by quenching pot test","volume":"45","author":"Nakano","year":"2005","journal-title":"ISIJ Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2012.03.060","article-title":"Formation of PCDD\/Fs from oxidation of 2-monochlorophenol over an Fe2O3\/silica surface","volume":"88","author":"Nganai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5205","DOI":"10.1021\/es900863s","article-title":"Electric arc furnaces for steel-making: hot spots for persistent organic pollutants","volume":"43","author":"Odabasi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2007.09.005","article-title":"The study of sunflower seed husks as a fuel in the iron ore sintering process","volume":"21","author":"Ooi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Miner Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-009-9761-1","article-title":"PBDD\/Fs in surface sediments from the East River, China","volume":"83","author":"Ren","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bull Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0135","series-title":"Dioxins and Health","first-page":"619","article-title":"Dioxins and health including other persistent organic pollutants and endocrine disruptors","author":"Schecter","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9064","DOI":"10.1021\/es051190m","article-title":"Effect of sewage-sludge application on concentrations of higher-brominated diphenyl ethers in soils and earthworms","volume":"39","author":"Sellstrom","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-6535(89)90258-0","article-title":"On the de-novo synthesis of PCDDD\/PCDF on fly ash of municipal waste incinerators","volume":"18","author":"Stieglitz","year":"1989","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0150","author":"Stockholm Convention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(03)00708-2","article-title":"De novo formation characteristics of dioxins in the dry zone of an iron ore sintering bed","volume":"54","author":"Suzuki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.2355\/isijinternational.46.1020","article-title":"Properties of dust particles sampled from windboxes of an iron ore sintering plant: surface structures of unburned carbon","volume":"7","author":"Tsubochi","year":"2006","journal-title":"ISIJ Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kft070","article-title":"Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls: inclusion in the toxicity equivalency factor concept for dioxin-like compounds","volume":"133","author":"Van Den Berg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-6535(86)90412-1","article-title":"Thermal-behavior of PCDD\/PCDF in fly-ash from municipal incinerators","volume":"15","author":"Vogg","year":"1986","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2010.06.041","article-title":"Emission estimation and congener-specific characterization of polybrominated diphenyl ethers from various stationary and mobile sources","volume":"158","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1021\/es903128e","article-title":"Characterizing the emissions of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) and Polybrominated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans (PBDD\/Fs) from metallurgical processes","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0185","series-title":"European Aerosol Conference 2009, Karlsruhe","article-title":"Emissions of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo furans (PBDD\/Fs) from ferrous foundries","author":"Wang","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-007-9084-3","article-title":"Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polybrominated biphenyls in sediment and floodplain soils of the Saginaw River watershed, Michigan, USA","volume":"55","author":"Yun","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Environ Contam Toxicol"}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969714004331?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969714004331?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]],"date-time":"2019-08-09T11:26:59Z","timestamp":1565350019000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969714004331"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S0048969714004331"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Studies into the formation of PBDEs and PBDD\/Fs in the iron ore sintering process","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.03.093","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}