{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T06:47:29Z","timestamp":1790923649070,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]],"date-time":"2015-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422748800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]],"date-time":"2015-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422748800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,28]],"date-time":"2014-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"International Development Research Council Doctoral Research Award"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,17]],"date-time":"2014-11-17T17:30:41Z","timestamp":1416245441000},"page":"126-136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of mercury in African lakes: The importance of trophic status"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"506-507","author":[{"given":"Amanda E.","family":"Poste","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek C.G.","family":"Muir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie J.","family":"Guildford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Hecky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2000.45.3.0601","article-title":"The effect of dietary nitrogen content on trophic level 15N enrichment","volume":"45","author":"Adams","year":"2000","journal-title":"Limnol Oceanogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9793","DOI":"10.1021\/es202565g","article-title":"Dietary selenium reduces retention of methyl mercury in freshwater fish","volume":"45","author":"Bjerregaard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2010.11.027","article-title":"The tropical African mercury anomaly: lower than expected mercury concentrations in fish and human hair","volume":"409","author":"Black","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1139\/f92-113","article-title":"On the chemical form of mercury in edible fish and marine invertebrate tissue","volume":"49","author":"Bloom","year":"1992","journal-title":"Can J Fish Aquat Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1002\/ieam.244","article-title":"Trophic magnification factors: considerations of ecology, ecosystems, and study design","volume":"8","author":"Borg\u00e5","year":"2012","journal-title":"Integr Environ Assess Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1139\/f01-042","article-title":"Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of mercury in Lake Murray, Papua New Guinea","volume":"58","author":"Bowles","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can J Fish Aquat Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/372255a0","article-title":"Modelling food chain structure and contaminant bioaccumulation using stable nitrogen isotopes","volume":"372","author":"Cabana","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1080\/10937400306474","article-title":"A review of mercury in Lake Victoria, East Africa: implications for human and ecosystem health","volume":"6","author":"Campbell","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0380-1330(03)70554-1","article-title":"Distribution and food-web transfer of mercury in Napoleon and Winam Gulfs, Lake Victoria, East Africa","volume":"29","author":"Campbell","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Great Lakes Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.2989\/16085910409503796","article-title":"Biomagnification of mercury in fish from Thruston Bay, Napoleon Gulf, Lake Victoria (East Africa)","volume":"29","author":"Campbell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Afr J Aquat Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s10641-005-3190-8","article-title":"Trophic niche segregation in the Nilotic ichthyofauna of Lake Albert (Uganda, Africa)","volume":"74","author":"Campbell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ Biol Fishes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2028.2006.00582.x","article-title":"Food web structure and mercury transfer in two contrasting Ugandan highland crater lakes (East Africa)","volume":"44","author":"Campbell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Afr J Ecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.04.017","article-title":"Mercury biomagnification in the food web of Lake Tanganyika (Tanzania, East Africa)","volume":"402","author":"Campbell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1021\/es0403007","article-title":"High plankton densities reduce mercury biomagnification","volume":"39","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-010-9641-z","article-title":"Mercury biomagnification in the aquaculture pond ecosystem in the Pearl River Delta","volume":"61","author":"Cheng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12047","DOI":"10.1021\/es4022975","article-title":"Mercury biomagnification through food webs is affected by physical and chemical characteristics of lakes","volume":"47","author":"Clayden","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10526","DOI":"10.1021\/es501749j","article-title":"Response to comment on \u201cmercury biomagnification through food webs is affected by physical and chemical characteristics of lakes\u201d","volume":"48","author":"Clayden","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(68)90055-0","article-title":"Carbon isotope relationships between plankton and sea water","volume":"32","author":"Deuser","year":"1968","journal-title":"Geochim Cosmochim Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2011.06.004","article-title":"Spatial distribution and trends of total mercury in waters of the Great Lakes and connecting channels using an improved sampling technique","volume":"161","author":"Dove","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0105","series-title":"Regression diagnostics","author":"Fox","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.3354\/ame012085","article-title":"Productivity and heterotrophy influences on zooplankton \u03b413C in northern temperate lakes","volume":"12","author":"France","year":"1997","journal-title":"Aquat Microb Ecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3354\/meps076149","article-title":"Diatom sources of 13C-rich carbon in marine food webs","volume":"76","author":"Fry","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.96","article-title":"Mercury concentrations in landlocked Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) from the Canadian Arctic. Part II: influence of lake biotic and abiotic characteristics on geographic trends in 27 populations","volume":"29","author":"Gantner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.95","article-title":"Mercury concentrations in landlocked Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) from the Canadian Arctic. Part I: insights from trophic relationships in 18 lakes","volume":"29","author":"Gantner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0141-6707.2001.00335.x","article-title":"Decline of the African lungfish (Protopterus aethiopicus) in Lake Victoria (East Africa)","volume":"40","author":"Goudswaard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Afr J Ecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0135","series-title":"The fishes of Uganda","author":"Greenwood","year":"1958"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1139\/f95-248","article-title":"Relationship between sediment and plankton isotope ratios (\u03b413C and \u03b415N) and primary productivity in Florida lakes","volume":"53","author":"Gu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Can J Fish Aquat Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.3394\/0380-1330(2007)33[170:HVOPPI]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"High variability of phytoplankton photosynthesis in response to environmental forcing in oligotrophic Lake Malawi\/Nyasa","volume":"33","author":"Guildford","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Great Lakes Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0150","series-title":"Ecosystem structure, trophic link and functioning of a shallow rift valley lake: the case of Lake Ziway (Ethiopia)","author":"Hailu","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedobi.2004.11.001","article-title":"Effects of food quality, starvation and life stage on stable isotope fractionation in Collembola","volume":"49","author":"Haubert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pedobiologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.2307\/1467546","article-title":"Contributions of benthic algae to lake food webs as revealed by stable isotope analysis","volume":"14","author":"Hecky","year":"1995","journal-title":"J N Am Benthol Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1981.26.3.0548","article-title":"The phytoplankton and protozooplankton of the euphotic zone of Lake Tanganyika: species composition, biomass, chlorophyll content and spatio-temporal distribution","volume":"26","author":"Hecky","year":"1981","journal-title":"Limnol Oceanogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2427.2009.02374.x","article-title":"Multiple stressors cause rapid ecosystem change in Lake Victoria","volume":"55","author":"Hecky","year":"2010","journal-title":"Freshw Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2004.03.011","article-title":"Growth dilution in multilevel food chains","volume":"178","author":"Herendeen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ecol Modell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1897\/08-071.1","article-title":"Influence of lake characteristics on the biomagnification of persistent organic pollutants in lake trout food webs","volume":"27","author":"Houde","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7477","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0611261104","article-title":"Stoichiometric controls of mercury dilution by growth","volume":"104","author":"Karimi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2009.05.027","article-title":"Trophic transfer of methylmercury and trace elements by tropical estuarine seston and plankton","volume":"85","author":"Kehrig","year":"2009","journal-title":"Estuar Coast Shelf Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01189756","article-title":"The influence of trophic level as measured by \u03b415N on mercury concentrations in freshwater organisms","volume":"80","author":"Kidd","year":"1995","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1139\/f99-148","article-title":"Effects of northern pike (Esox lucius) additions on pollutant accumulation and food web structure, as determined by \u03b413C and \u03b415N, in a eutrophic and an oligotrophic lake","volume":"56","author":"Kidd","year":"1999","journal-title":"Can J Fish Aquat Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/S0380-1330(03)70553-X","article-title":"Mercury concentrations in the food web of Lake Malawi, East Africa","volume":"29","author":"Kidd","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Great Lakes Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-004-0420-2","article-title":"Mercury and other contaminants in fish from Lake Chad, Africa","volume":"73","author":"Kidd","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bull Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.08.057","article-title":"Biomagnification of mercury through lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) food webs of lakes with different physical, chemical and biological characteristics","volume":"438","author":"Kidd","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8659(1993)122<0074:IOWCOM>2.3.CO;2","article-title":"Influence of water chemistry on mercury concentration in largemouth bass from Florida lakes","volume":"122","author":"Lange","year":"1993","journal-title":"Trans Am Fish Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1021\/es00026a016","article-title":"Lake productivity and water chemistry as governors of the uptake of persistent pollutants in fish","volume":"26","author":"Larsson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1577\/M08-065.1","article-title":"Relationship between mercury concentration and growth rates for Walleyes, Northern Pike, and Lake Trout from Quebec Lakes","volume":"30","author":"Lavigne","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Am J Fish Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13385","DOI":"10.1021\/es403103t","article-title":"Biomagnification of mercury in aquatic food webs: a worldwide meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Lavoie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0245","series-title":"Biomasse et production phytoplanctonique du Lac Tchad (1968\u20131976). Relations avec les conditions du milieu","author":"Lemoalle","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2009.54.1.0023","article-title":"Role of phytoplankton in mercury cycling in the San Francisco Bay estuary","volume":"54","author":"Luengen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Limnol Oceanogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.1885","article-title":"Dissolved organic matter reduces algal accumulation of methylmercury","volume":"31","author":"Luengen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0260","first-page":"348","article-title":"Trophic structure and energy flow in fish communities of two lakes of the Lake Victoria basin","volume":"9","author":"Mbabazi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Uganda J Agric Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0706.2003.12098.x","article-title":"Variation in trophic shift for stable isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur","volume":"102","author":"McCutchan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620220509","article-title":"Inverse relationship between bioconcentration factor and exposure concentration for metals: implications for hazard assessment of metals in the aquatic environment","volume":"22","author":"McGeer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(84)90204-7","article-title":"Stepwise enrichment of 15N along food chains: further evidence and the relation between \u03b415N and animal age","volume":"48","author":"Minagawa","year":"1984","journal-title":"Geochim Cosmochim Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0280","series-title":"The origin, transformation and deposition of sediments in Lake Bosomtwe\/Bosumtwi","author":"Otu","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.11.095","article-title":"Mercury, arsenic and selenium concentrations in water and fish from sub-Saharan semi-arid freshwater reservoirs (Burkina Faso)","volume":"444","author":"Ou\u00e9draogo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1981.26.5.0822","article-title":"The relative importance of protozoans, rotifers, and crustaceans in a freshwater zooplankton community","volume":"26","author":"Pace","year":"1981","journal-title":"Limnol Oceanogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2005.06.016","article-title":"Formation of dissolved gaseous mercury in a tropical lake (Petit-Saut reservoir, French Guiana)","volume":"364","author":"Peretyazhko","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.18.110187.001453","article-title":"Stable isotopes in ecosystem studies","volume":"18","author":"Peterson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Annu Rev Ecol Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1021\/es060966w","article-title":"Accumulation of inorganic and methylmercury by freshwater phytoplankton in two contrasting water bodies","volume":"41","author":"Pickhardt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4419","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.072531099","article-title":"Algal blooms reduce the uptake of toxic methylmercury in freshwater food webs","volume":"99","author":"Pickhardt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2004.07.025","article-title":"Impacts of zooplankton composition and algal enrichment on the accumulation of mercury in an experimental freshwater food web","volume":"339","author":"Pickhardt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2427.2005.01395.x","article-title":"Abundance and biomass of heterotrophic microorganisms in Lake Tanganyika","volume":"50","author":"Pirlot","year":"2005","journal-title":"Freshw Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2002)083[0703:USITET]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Using stable isotopes to estimate trophic position: models, methods, and assumptions","volume":"83","author":"Post","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0330","first-page":"647","article-title":"Biomagnification of mercury in a West African crater lake (Lake Bosomtwe, Ghana)","volume":"30","author":"Poste","year":"2008","journal-title":"Verh Int Ver Limnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5806","DOI":"10.1021\/es200285c","article-title":"Evaluating microcystin exposure risk through fish consumption","volume":"45","author":"Poste","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jglr.2012.09.001","article-title":"Food web structure and mercury trophodynamics in two contrasting embayments in northern Lake Victoria","volume":"38","author":"Poste","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Great Lakes Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2013.58.3.1075","article-title":"Phosphorus enrichment and carbon depletion contribute to high Microcystis biomass and microcystin concentrations in Ugandan lakes","volume":"58","author":"Poste","year":"2013","journal-title":"Limnol Oceanogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.08.019","article-title":"Effect of eutrophication on mercury, selenium, and essential fatty acids in Bighead Carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) from reservoirs of eastern China","volume":"499","author":"Razavi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/s13280-009-0001-z","article-title":"Mercury concentrations in lentic fish populations related to ecosystem and watershed characteristics","volume":"39","author":"Rypel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ambio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2004.08.002","article-title":"Fish growth rates modulate mercury concentrations in walleye (Sander vitreus) from eastern Canadian lakes","volume":"98","author":"Simoneau","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2007.12.032","article-title":"Lake variability: key factors controlling mercury concentrations in New York State fish","volume":"154","author":"Simonin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6561","DOI":"10.1021\/es200478b","article-title":"Selenium moderates mercury toxicity in free-ranging freshwater fish","volume":"45","author":"S\u00f8rmo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620200933","article-title":"Mercury contamination and growth rate in two piscivore populations","volume":"20","author":"Stafford","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3286","DOI":"10.1021\/es100439t","article-title":"Mercury concentrations in Arctic food fishes reflect the presence of anadromous Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), species, and life history","volume":"44","author":"Swanson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2011.01.005","article-title":"Mercury concentrations are low in commercial fish species of Lake Ziway, Ethiopia, but stable isotope data indicated biomagnification","volume":"74","author":"Tadiso","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Safe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1963.8.1.0068","article-title":"Origin of stratification in an African rift lake","volume":"8","author":"Talling","year":"1963","journal-title":"Limnol Oceanogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1960","DOI":"10.1139\/f91-233","article-title":"Organochlorine concentration in the plankton of lakes in southern Ontario and their relationship to plankton biomass","volume":"48","author":"Taylor","year":"1991","journal-title":"Can J Fish Aquat Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1080\/20016491089226","article-title":"Mercury in the aquatic environment: a review of factors affecting methylation","volume":"31","author":"Ullrich","year":"2001","journal-title":"Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0405","series-title":"Method 7473. Mercury in solids and solutions by thermal decomposition, amalgamation, and atomic absorption spectrophotometry","author":"US EPA","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0410","series-title":"Method 1631. Mercury in water by oxidation, purge and trap, and cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry","author":"US EPA","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2003.48.4.1408","article-title":"From Greenland to green lakes: cultural eutrophication and the loss of benthic pathways in lakes","volume":"48","author":"Vadeboncoeur","year":"2003","journal-title":"Limnol Oceanogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-003-1270-z","article-title":"Sources of variation in consumer-diet \u03b415N enrichment: a meta-analysis","volume":"136","author":"Vanderklift","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2001.46.8.2061","article-title":"Variation in \u03b415N and \u03b413C trphic fractionation: implications for aquatic food web studies","volume":"46","author":"Vander Zanden","year":"2001","journal-title":"Limnol Oceanogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(1999)080[1395:PCCANA]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Primary consumer \u03b413C and \u03b415N and the trophic position of aquatic consumers","volume":"80","author":"Vander Zanden","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10524","DOI":"10.1021\/es405415c","article-title":"Lack of evidence for lower mercury biomagnification by biomass dilution in more productive lakes: comment on \u201cmercury biomagnification through food webs is affected by physical and chemical characteristics of lakes","volume":"48","author":"Verburg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.05.097","article-title":"Mercury biomganification in three geothermally-influenced lakes differing in chemistry and algal biomass","volume":"493","author":"Verburg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0445","series-title":"Eutrophication of waters: monitoring, assessment and control","author":"Vollenweider","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2820","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-012-0787-2","article-title":"Bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of mercury in a food web from a large, shallow, hypereutrophic lake (Lake Taihu) in China","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1992.37.6.1313","article-title":"Mercury and methylmercury in individual zooplankton: implications for bioaccumulation","volume":"37","author":"Watras","year":"1992","journal-title":"Limnol Oceanogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/S1001-0742(09)60228-X","article-title":"Total mercury in wild fish in Guizhou reservoirs, China","volume":"22","author":"Yan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Environ Sci"}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969714015551?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969714015551?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T18:54:16Z","timestamp":1758653656000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969714015551"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"references-count":90,"alternative-id":["S0048969714015551"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of mercury in African lakes: The importance of trophic status","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.10.094","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}