{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T07:14:35Z","timestamp":1789974875558,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]],"date-time":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,27]],"date-time":"2015-05-27T00:16:34Z","timestamp":1432685794000},"page":"264-274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Impact of wastewater infrastructure upgrades on the urban water cycle: Reduction in halogenated reaction byproducts following conversion from chlorine gas to ultraviolet light disinfection"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"529","author":[{"given":"Larry B.","family":"Barber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle L.","family":"Hladik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan M.","family":"Vajda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin C.","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Douville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0005","author":"American Society of Civil Engineers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0010","series-title":"Comprehensive Water Quality and Purification, Volume 1","first-page":"245","article-title":"Emerging contaminants. Chapter 1.13","author":"Barber","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4805","DOI":"10.1021\/es010518i","article-title":"Transformation of dissolved organic matter in treatment wetlands","volume":"35","author":"Barber","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1021\/es051270q","article-title":"Chemical loading into surface water along a hydrological, biogeochemical, and land use gradient \u2014 a holistic watershed approach","volume":"40","author":"Barber","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2011.06.039","article-title":"Effects of biologically-active chemical mixtures on fish in a wastewater-impacted urban stream","volume":"409","author":"Barber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2575","DOI":"10.1021\/es104138y","article-title":"Lagrangian mass-flow investigations of inorganic contaminants in wastewater-impacted streams","volume":"45","author":"Barber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1021\/es202880e","article-title":"Fish endocrine disruption responses to a major wastewater treatment facility upgrade","volume":"46","author":"Barber","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1021\/es303720g","article-title":"Persistence and potential effects of complex organic contaminant mixtures in wastewater-impacted streams","volume":"47","author":"Barber","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1080\/10643380091184192","article-title":"Copper in the urban water cycle","volume":"30","author":"Boulay","year":"2000","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1897\/06-483R.1","article-title":"Biotransformation of caffeine, cotinine, and nicotine in stream sediments: implications for use as wastewater indicators","volume":"26","author":"Bradley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.12.027","article-title":"Removal processes of disinfection byproducts in subsurface-flow constructed wetlands treating secondary effluent","volume":"51","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0060","author":"City of Boulder Colorado"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2011.02.002","article-title":"Identification of developmentally toxic drinking water disinfection byproducts and evaluation of data relevant to mode of action","volume":"254","author":"Colman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6845","DOI":"10.1021\/es200983f","article-title":"Formation of toxic iodinated disinfection by-products from compounds used in medical imaging","volume":"45","author":"Duirk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.02.021","article-title":"A national reconnaissance for pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater contaminants in the United States\u2014II) untreated drinking water sources","volume":"402","author":"Focazio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(00)00507-5","article-title":"Identification and quantitation of chlorinated bisphenol A in wastewater from wastepaper recycling plants","volume":"44","author":"Fukazawa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0085","series-title":"U.S. Geol. Survey Open-File Rept. 94\u2013358","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3133\/ofr94358","article-title":"Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometric method for the determination of dissolved trace elements in natural water","author":"Garbarino","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0090","first-page":"2511","article-title":"Formation of organochlorine compounds from the chlorination of a municipal secondary effluent","volume":"47","author":"Glaze","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Water Pollut. Control Fed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.001","article-title":"Multiple sources of boron in urban surface waters and groundwaters","volume":"447","author":"Hasenmueller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1021\/es202189s","article-title":"Moving targets, long-lived infrastructure, and increasing needs for integration and adaptation in water management: an illustration from Switzerland","volume":"46","author":"Hering","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.08.008","article-title":"Discharges of produced waters from oil and gas extraction via wastewater treatment plants are sources of disinfection by-products to receiving streams","volume":"466\u2013467","author":"Hladik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7862","DOI":"10.1021\/es9014629","article-title":"Elimination of organic micropollutants in a municipal wastewater treatment plant upgraded with a full-scale post-ozonation followed by sand filtration","volume":"43","author":"Hollender","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2990","DOI":"10.1039\/c2em30617d","article-title":"Modeling volatilization and adsorption of disinfection byproducts in natural watershed","volume":"14","author":"Jin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Environ. Monit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0120","first-page":"601","article-title":"Chlorine-containing organic constituents in chlorinated effluents","volume":"47","author":"Jolley","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Water Pollut. Control Fed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0125","series-title":"Water Chlorination: Chemistry, Environmental Impacts and Health Effects","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1021\/es034661i","article-title":"Fate of volatile organic compounds in constructed wastewater treatment wetlands","volume":"38","author":"Keefe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1021\/es011055j","article-title":"Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999\u20132000 \u2014 a national reconnaissance","volume":"36","author":"Kolpin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8723","DOI":"10.1021\/es2018187","article-title":"Occurrence of iodinated X-ray contrast media and their biotransformation products in the urban water cycle","volume":"45","author":"Kormos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7175","DOI":"10.1021\/es060353j","article-title":"Occurrence of a new generation of disinfection byproducts","volume":"40","author":"Krasner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2911","DOI":"10.1021\/es802443t","article-title":"Impact of wastewater treatment processes on organic carbon, organic nitrogen, and DBP precursors in effluent organic matter","volume":"43","author":"Krasner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8320","DOI":"10.1021\/es901611m","article-title":"Occurrence of disinfection byproducts in United States wastewater treatment plant effluents","volume":"43","author":"Krasner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3869","DOI":"10.1021\/es001905f","article-title":"Nature and chlorine reactivity of organic constituents from reclaimed water in groundwater, Los Angeles County, California","volume":"35","author":"Leenheer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0165","first-page":"169","article-title":"Haloacetonitriles: metabolism and toxicity","volume":"2008","author":"Lipscomb","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1021\/es0617441","article-title":"Haloacetonitriles vs. regulated haloacetic acids: are nitrogen-containing DBPs more toxic?","volume":"41","author":"Muellner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0175","series-title":"Comprehensive water quality of the Boulder Creek Watershed, Colorado, during high-flow and low-flow conditions, 2000","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4877","DOI":"10.1021\/es903823a","article-title":"Micropollutant loads in the urban water cycle","volume":"44","author":"Musolff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0185","series-title":"Sustainable Critical Infrastructure Systems: A Framework for Meeting 21st Century Imperatives","author":"National Research Council","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0190","series-title":"Water Reuse: Expanding the Nation's Water Supply Through Reuse of Municipal Wastewater","author":"National Research Council","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3214","DOI":"10.1021\/es802286v","article-title":"Model-based evaluation of reduction strategies for micropollutants from wastewater treatment plants in complex river networks","volume":"43","author":"Ort","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11161","DOI":"10.1021\/es5028184","article-title":"Enhanced formation of disinfection byproducts in shale gas wastewater-impacted drinking water supplies","volume":"48","author":"Parker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1021\/es030477l","article-title":"Halonitromethane drinking water disinfection byproducts: chemical characterization and mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity","volume":"38","author":"Plewa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7184","DOI":"10.1021\/es9039314","article-title":"Concentration, chlorination, and chemical analysis of drinking water for disinfection byproduct mixtures health effects research: U.S. EPA's four lab study","volume":"44","author":"Pressman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0215","article-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2014","journal-title":"R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11099","DOI":"10.1021\/es402792s","article-title":"Assessment of de facto wastewater reuse across the U.S.: trends between 1980 and 2008","volume":"47","author":"Rice","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.09.001","article-title":"Occurrence, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of regulated and emerging disinfection by-products in drinking water: a review and roadmap for research","volume":"636","author":"Richardson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8330","DOI":"10.1021\/es801169k","article-title":"Occurrence and mammalian cell toxicity of iodated disinfection byproducts in drinking water","volume":"42","author":"Richardson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0235","first-page":"234","article-title":"Formation of haloforms during chlorination of natural water","volume":"23","author":"Rook","year":"1974","journal-title":"Water Treat. Exam."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2703","DOI":"10.1021\/es9900407","article-title":"Effect of a constructed wetland on disinfection by-products \u2014 removal processes and production of precursors","volume":"34","author":"Rostad","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3176","DOI":"10.1021\/es048943+","article-title":"Formation of chloroform and chlorinated organics by free-chlorine-mediated oxidation of triclosan","volume":"39","author":"Rule","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0250","series-title":"Environmental Organic Chemistry","author":"Schwarzenbach","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1127291","article-title":"The challenge of micropollutants in aquatic systems","volume":"313","author":"Schwarzenbach","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1021\/es203312s","article-title":"Halonitroalkanes, halonitriles, haloamides, and N-nitrosamines: a critical review of nitrogenous disinfection byproduct formation pathways","volume":"46","author":"Shah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-004-0159-7","article-title":"Assessment of nitrification potential in ground water using short term, single-well injection experiments","volume":"51","author":"Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0270","author":"State of Colorado"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2741","DOI":"10.1021\/es991118m","article-title":"Occurrence and behavior of X-ray contrast media in sewage facilities and the aquatic environment","volume":"34","author":"Ternes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0280","series-title":"Organic Geochemistry of Natural Waters","author":"Thurman","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1021\/es00153a006","article-title":"Chlorination byproducts of amino acids in natural waters","volume":"20","author":"Trehy","year":"1986","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0290","series-title":"U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, revised as of July 1, 1997","first-page":"265","article-title":"Guidelines Establishing Test Procedures for the Analysis of Pollutants (Appendix B, part 136, Definition and Procedures for the Determination of the Method Detection Limit)","author":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0295","author":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0305","author":"U.S. Geological Survey"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0310","series-title":"The Occurrence of Disinfection By-products (DBPs) of Health Concern in Drinking Water: Result of a Nationwide DBP Occurrence Study","author":"Weinberg","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4702","DOI":"10.1021\/es030360x","article-title":"Evaluation of specific ultraviolet absorbance as an indicator of the chemical composition and reactivity of dissolved organic carbon","volume":"37","author":"Weishaar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969715300486?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969715300486?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,25]],"date-time":"2019-08-25T12:22:20Z","timestamp":1566735740000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969715300486"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"references-count":62,"alternative-id":["S0048969715300486"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Impact of wastewater infrastructure upgrades on the urban water cycle: Reduction in halogenated reaction byproducts following conversion from chlorine gas to ultraviolet light disinfection","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}