{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T14:39:57Z","timestamp":1782916797842,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004085","name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2009-0093848"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2009-0093848"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004085","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,25]],"date-time":"2016-01-25T22:50:06Z","timestamp":1453762206000},"page":"309-320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Airborne iron across major urban centers in South Korea between 1991 and 2012"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"550","author":[{"given":"Ki-Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon-Jung","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan E.","family":"Szulejko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang-Hee","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Chambers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinbin","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akash","family":"Deep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2005.58.2.167","article-title":"Airborne particles, metal, microaerobe, yellow sand phenomena","volume":"58","author":"Bae","year":"2005","journal-title":"Tuberc. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-199912000-00013","article-title":"Chest illnesses and the decline of Fe in steelworkers","volume":"41","author":"Banks","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-9697(90)90010-R","article-title":"Metal solubility and pathways in acidified forest ecosystems of south Sweden","volume":"96","author":"Berggren","year":"1990","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0020","first-page":"304","article-title":"Occupational siderosis and welders' lung: a review","volume":"48","author":"Billings","year":"1993","journal-title":"Monaldi Arch. Chest Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901300","article-title":"Exposure to metal-rich particulate matter modifies the expression of candidate microRNAs in peripheral blood leukocytes","volume":"118","author":"Bollati","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-8502(98)00051-2","article-title":"Composition and sources of urban and rural atmospheric aerosol in eastern Hungary","volume":"30","author":"Borb\u00e9ly-Kiss","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Aerosol Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.44.190","article-title":"Respirable dust exposure and respiratory health in male Taiwanese steelworkers","volume":"44","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ind. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2011.02.066","article-title":"Spatial and temporal variation of chemical composition and mass closure of ambient coarse particulate matter (PM10\u20132.5) in the Los Angeles area","volume":"45","author":"Cheung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0045","first-page":"551","article-title":"A study on ion components and metallic elements in aerosol during the spring, 1998 at Seoul","volume":"36","author":"Choi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Korean Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L07813","DOI":"10.1029\/2004GL021946","article-title":"The origin of water soluble particulate iron in the Asian atmospheric outflow","volume":"32","author":"Chuang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199312093292401","article-title":"An association between air pollution and mortality in six U.S. cities","volume":"329","author":"Dockery","year":"1993","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.58.3.211","article-title":"Ultrafine particles","volume":"58","author":"Donaldson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20209","article-title":"The global burden of disease due to occupational carcinogens","volume":"48","author":"Driscoll","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1071\/SP07014","article-title":"Characterization of aerosols generated in a steel processing factory","volume":"25","author":"Garimella","year":"2008","journal-title":"S. Pac. J. Nat. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1080\/10962247.2012.676593","article-title":"Assessment of heterogeneity of metal composition of fine particulate matter collected from eight US counties using principal component analysis","volume":"62","author":"Han","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1039\/c000329h","article-title":"Chemical speciation of PM2.5 particles at urban background and rural sites in the UK atmosphere","volume":"7","author":"Harrison","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Environ. Monit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-6-43","article-title":"The effect of refurbishing a UK steel plant on PM10 metal composition","volume":"6","author":"Hutchison","year":"2005","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.06.146","article-title":"Source apportionment and water solubility of metals in size segregated particles in urban environments","volume":"533","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L07805","DOI":"10.1029\/2007GL031589","article-title":"Mineralogy as a critical factor of dust iron solubility","volume":"35","author":"Journet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2012.02.008","article-title":"Asian dust storm events are associated with an acute increase in pneumonia hospitalization","volume":"22","author":"Kang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2006.08.041","article-title":"Airborne lead concentration levels on the Korean peninsula between 1991 and 2004","volume":"41","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2007.01.049","article-title":"Airborne cadmium in air major monitoring locations in Korea between 1991 and 2004","volume":"41","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(02)00954-8","article-title":"The chemical composition of fine and coarse particles in relation with the Asian dust events","volume":"37","author":"Kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2003.08.019","article-title":"Studies of spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of TSP-bound trace metals in Seoul, Korea","volume":"127","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0125","first-page":"301","article-title":"A study on airborne particulate matter of a local area in Seoul","volume":"31","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Environ. Health Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2006.08.009","article-title":"Investigation of airborne lead concentrations in relation to Asian dust events and air mass transport pathways","volume":"37","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Aerosol Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2014.03.138","article-title":"Long-term monitoring of airborne nickel (Ni) pollution in association with some potential source processes in the urban environment","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(98)00286-1","article-title":"Prevalence of and factors related to pneumoconiosis among foundry workers in central Taiwan","volume":"222","author":"Kuo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/enrs.2002.4377","article-title":"Effects of the Asian dust events on daily mortality in Seoul, Korea","volume":"90","author":"Kwon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0150","first-page":"865","article-title":"Health effects of concentrated ambient air particulate matter (CAPs) and its components","volume":"39","author":"Lippmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9150","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of nickel in ambient air","volume":"114","author":"Lippmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2004.12.012","article-title":"Major chemical components of PM2.5 in Milan (Italy)","volume":"39","author":"Lonati","year":"2005","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2005.01.007","article-title":"Levels of selected metals in ambient air PM10 in an urban site of Zaragoza (Spain)","volume":"99","author":"L\u00f3pez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-005-0313-3","article-title":"Concentration and emission sources of airborne metals in particulate matter in the industrial district of M\u00e9dio Para\u00edba, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","volume":"51","author":"Loyola","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2007GB002964","article-title":"Combustion iron distribution and deposition","volume":"22","author":"Luo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.marine.010908.163727","article-title":"Atmospheric iron deposition: global distribution, variability, and human perturbations","volume":"1","author":"Mahowald","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2011.11.019","article-title":"Long-term concentrations of airborne cadmium in metropolitan cities in Korea and potential health risks","volume":"47","author":"Mutlu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2009.09.005","article-title":"Airborne manganese concentrations on the Korean peninsula from 1991 to 2006","volume":"91","author":"Myeong","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2008.02.016","article-title":"Chromium concentration levels on the Korean peninsula between 1991 and 2006","volume":"42","author":"Nguyen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2004.04.010","article-title":"Daily concentrations of trace metals in aerosols in Beijing, China, determined by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry equipped with laser ablation analysis, and source identification of aerosols","volume":"330","author":"Okuda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2005.07.001","article-title":"Iron, oxidative stress and human health","volume":"26","author":"Puntarulo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Asp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2004.08.037","article-title":"Speciation and origin of PM10 and PM2.5 in selected European cities","volume":"38","author":"Querol","year":"2004","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2003.09.017","article-title":"Metals in airborne particulate matter in the industrial district of Santa Cruz, Rio de Janeiro in an annual period","volume":"38","author":"Quiterio","year":"2004","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2006.01.006","article-title":"PM10 and heavy metal measurements in an industrial area of southern Italy","volume":"81","author":"Ragosta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2014.05.011","article-title":"The pollution status of sulfur dioxide in major urban areas of Korea between 1989 and 2010","volume":"147-148","author":"Ray","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2004.11.061","article-title":"Size distribution of airborne particulate matter and associated heavy metals in the roadside environment","volume":"59","author":"Samara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0235","author":"Shi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7695","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-13-7695-2013","article-title":"Seasonal changes in Fe species and soluble Fe concentration in the atmosphere in the northwest Pacific region based on the analysis of aerosols collected in Tsukuba, Japan","volume":"13","author":"Takahashi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-007-9815-y","article-title":"Evaluation of levels, sources and distribution of toxic elements in PM10 in a suburban industrial region, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","volume":"139","author":"Toledo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(97)00322-7","article-title":"Atmospheric metal pollution Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in Oporto city derived from results for low-volume aerosol samplers and for the moss Sphagnum auriculatum bioindicator","volume":"212","author":"Vasconcelos","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6247","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-15-6247-2015","article-title":"Sources, transport and deposition of iron in the global atmosphere","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1134\/S001670290601006X","article-title":"Abundances of chemical elements in the Earth's crust","volume":"44","author":"Yaroshevsky","year":"2006","journal-title":"Geochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.3402\/tellusb.v57i2.16776","article-title":"Radon222 in boundary layer and free tropospheric continental outflow events at three ACE-Asia sites","volume":"57","author":"Zahorowski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Tellus B."}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969715310925?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969715310925?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]],"date-time":"2022-06-25T09:49:15Z","timestamp":1656150555000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969715310925"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S0048969715310925"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Airborne iron across major urban centers in South Korea between 1991 and 2012","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.109","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}