{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T10:30:44Z","timestamp":1791973844826,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,12]],"date-time":"2017-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1497225600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":254,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AGS-1544425"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGS-1544425"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AGS-1408241"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGS-1408241"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AGS-1455215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGS-1455215"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CHE-1214163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CHE-1214163"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEB-1342094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEB-1342094"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEB-1354482"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEB-1354482"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NASA ROSES","award":["NNX15AI48G"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNX15AI48G"]}]},{"name":"NASA ROSES","award":["NNX15AI66G"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNX15AI66G"]}]},{"name":"NASA EPSCoR","award":["NNX14AN24A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNX14AN24A"]}]},{"name":"Desert Research Institute (Wildland Fire Science Center"},{"name":"IPA"},{"name":"EDGES"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,11]],"date-time":"2016-06-11T23:30:39Z","timestamp":1465687839000},"page":"391-401","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":192,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in biomass-burning emissions and their contribution to light absorption and aerosol toxicity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"568","author":[{"given":"Vera","family":"Samburova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Connolly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhu","family":"Gyawali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reddy L.N.","family":"Yatavelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam C.","family":"Watts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajan K.","family":"Chakrabarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Zielinska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Moosm\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrey","family":"Khlystov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6633","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-9-6633-2009","article-title":"Mexico City aerosol analysis during MILAGRO using high resolution aerosol mass spectrometry at the urban supersite (T0) \u2014 part 1: fine particle composition and organic source apportionment","volume":"9","author":"Aiken","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3131","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-6-3131-2006","article-title":"Black carbon or brown carbon? The nature of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols","volume":"6","author":"Andreae","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1029\/2000GB001382","article-title":"Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning","volume":"15","author":"Andreae","year":"2001","journal-title":"Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2845","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(98)00361-6","article-title":"Photoacoustic spectrometer for measuring light absorption by aerosol: instrument description","volume":"33","author":"Arnott","year":"1999","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0025","first-page":"117","article-title":"Atmospheric chemistry of gas-phase polycyclic aromatic-hydrocarbons \u2014 formation of atmospheric mutagens","volume":"102","author":"Atkinson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2016.02.024","article-title":"Characterization of gas and particle emissions from laboratory burns of peat","volume":"132","author":"Black","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb2000","first-page":"109","article-title":"Atechnology-based global inventory of black and organic carbon emissions from combustion","author":"Bond","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0035","first-page":"115","article-title":"Appearance of strong absorbers and fluorophores in limonene-O3 secondary organic aerosol due to NH4+-mediated chemical aging over long time scales","author":"Bones","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0040","article-title":"Indoor air pollution in developing countries: a major environmental and public health challenge","author":"Bruce","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1080\/1073161X.1993.10467179","article-title":"Assessment of carcinogenic risk from personal exposure to benzo(a)pyrene in the total human environmental exposure study (THEES)","volume":"43","author":"Butler","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3033","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-16-3033-2016","article-title":"Brown carbon aerosols from burning of boreal peatlands: microphysical properties, emission factors, and implications for direct radiative forcing","volume":"16","author":"Chakrabarty","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6363","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-10-6363-2010","article-title":"Brown carbon in tar balls from smoldering biomass combustion","volume":"10","author":"Chakrabarty","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-10-1773-2010","article-title":"Light absorption by organic carbon from wood combustion","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1021\/es0493650","article-title":"Emission factors for carbonaceous particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from residential coal combustion in China","volume":"39","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4414","DOI":"10.1021\/es034936u","article-title":"Equivalence of elemental carbon by thermal\/optical reflectance and transmittance with different temperature protocols","volume":"38","author":"Chow","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-1686(93)90245-T","article-title":"The DRI thermal optical reflectance carbon analysis system: description, evaluation and applications in U.S. air quality studies","volume":"27","author":"Chow","year":"1993","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ. Part A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2012.03.045","article-title":"Influence of sugarcane burning on indoor\/outdoor PAH air pollution in Brazil","volume":"169","author":"Cristale","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0085","series-title":"RMGTR-295, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, CO","article-title":"An assessment of forest ecosystem health in the southwest","author":"Dahms","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1039\/B703111D","article-title":"The complex refractive index of atmospheric and model humic-like substances (HULIS) retrieved by a cavity ring down aerosol spectrometer (CRD-AS)","volume":"137","author":"Dinar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Faraday Discuss."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2003.11.037","article-title":"Identification and estimate of biomass burning contribution to the urban aerosol organic carbon concentrations in Beijing","volume":"38","author":"Duan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0100","series-title":"Global Biomass Burning: Atmospheric, Climatic, and Biospheric Implications","first-page":"412","article-title":"Effects of fire behavior on prescribed fire smoke characteristics: a case study","author":"Einfeld","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32107","DOI":"10.1029\/98JD00692","article-title":"Emission factors of hydrocarbons, halocarbons, trace gases and particles from biomass burning in Brazil","volume":"103","author":"Ferek","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0110","series-title":"Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere: Theory, Experiments and Applications","author":"Finlayson-Pitts","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1139\/x87-236","article-title":"The influence of moisture and mineral soil on the combustion limits of smoldering forest duff","volume":"17","author":"Frandsen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research \u2014 Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestiere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1021\/es00080a019","article-title":"Wood-burning as a source of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic-hydrocarbons","volume":"24","author":"Freeman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.3155\/1047-3289.57.6.705","article-title":"Variations in speciated emissions from spark-ignition and compression-ignition motor vehicles in California's south coast air basin","volume":"57","author":"Fujita","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2012.688714","article-title":"Emission estimates of particulate PAHs from biomass fuels used in Delhi, India","volume":"18","author":"Gadi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Ecol. Risk. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-6-729-2006","article-title":"Atmospheric HULIS: how humic-like are they? A comprehensive and critical review","volume":"6","author":"Graber","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2486.2000.06019.x","article-title":"The role of fire in the boreal carbon budget","volume":"6","author":"Harden","year":"2000","journal-title":"Glob. Chang. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2005.07.072","article-title":"Open burning of agricultural biomass: physical and chemical properties of particle-phase emissions","volume":"39","author":"Hays","year":"2005","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0150","series-title":"Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans","article-title":"Polynuclear aromatic compounds, part 1: chemical, environmental, and experimental data","volume":"Vol. 32","author":"IARC","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0155","series-title":"Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans","article-title":"Polynuclear aromatic compounds, part 2: carbon blacks, mineral oils, and some nitroarenes","volume":"Vol. 33","author":"IARC","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0160","first-page":"112","article-title":"Source characterization of biomass burning particles: the combustion of selected European conifers, African hardwood, savanna grass, and German and Indonesian peat","author":"Iinuma","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15931","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-015-4777-z","article-title":"Carcinogenic activity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons bounded on particle fraction","volume":"22","author":"Jakovljevic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2462","DOI":"10.1021\/es950699m","article-title":"Emission factors for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from biomass burning","volume":"30","author":"Jenkins","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2004.01.009","article-title":"Study of PAH emission from the solid fuels combustion in residential furnaces","volume":"133","author":"Kakareka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2011.05.087","article-title":"A review of diseases associated with household air pollution due to the use of biomass fuels","volume":"192","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1089424","article-title":"Measurement of the effect of Amazon smoke on inhibition of cloud formation","volume":"303","author":"Koren","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4335","DOI":"10.1021\/cr5006167","article-title":"Chemistry of atmospheric brown carbon","volume":"115","author":"Laskin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1021\/es048745i","article-title":"Emission factors and importance of PCDD\/Fs, PCBs, PCNs, PAHs and PM10 from the domestic burning of coal and wood in the UK","volume":"39","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0200","first-page":"113","article-title":"Strong spectral variation of biomass smoke light absorption and single scattering albedo observed with a novel dual-wavelength photoacoustic instrument","author":"Lewis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.08.003","article-title":"Air pollution combustion emissions: characterization of causative agents and mechanisms associated with cancer, reproductive, and cardiovascular effects","volume":"636","author":"Lewtas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mutat. Res. Rev. Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2015.05.077","article-title":"Air pollution from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons generated by human activities and their health effects in China","volume":"112","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0215","series-title":"The Ecological, Atmospheric, and Climatic Importance of Vegetation Fires","first-page":"15","article-title":"Emissions from the combustion process in vegetation, fire in the environment","author":"Lobert","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2008.10.022","article-title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission from straw burning and the influence of combustion parameters","volume":"43","author":"Lu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-2361(96)00120-2","article-title":"Assessment of PAH emissions as a function of coal combustion variables","volume":"75","author":"Mastral","year":"1996","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4155","DOI":"10.1021\/es990289o","article-title":"Combustion of high calorific value waste material: organic atmospheric pollution","volume":"33","author":"Mastral","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.1021\/es9909632","article-title":"Fine particle and gaseous emission rates from residential wood combustion","volume":"34","author":"McDonald","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jqsrt.2009.02.035","article-title":"Aerosol light absorption and its measurement: a review","volume":"110","author":"Moosm\u00fcller","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370600985875","article-title":"Woodsmoke health effects: a review","volume":"19","author":"Naeher","year":"2007","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0250","first-page":"117","article-title":"Formation of nitrogen- and sulfur-containing light-absorbing compounds accelerated by evaporation of water from secondary organic aerosols","author":"Nguyen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/0273-2300(92)90009-X","article-title":"Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)","volume":"16","author":"Nisbet","year":"1992","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2015.08.005","article-title":"Characterization of gaseous and semi-volatile organic compounds emitted from field burning of rice straw","volume":"119","author":"Oanh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2006.01.005","article-title":"Wheat straw and peat for fuel pellets \u2014 organic compounds from combustion","volume":"30","author":"Olsson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomass Bioenergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-6535(95)00348-7","article-title":"The use of toxic equivalency factors in assessing occupational and environmental health risk associated with exposure to airborne mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)","volume":"32","author":"Petry","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-002-1611-5","article-title":"Aerosol particle analysis: challenges and progress","volume":"375","author":"P\u00f6schl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0280","series-title":"Structure Determination of Organic Compounds: Tables of Spectral Data: Springer","author":"Pretsch","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002855","article-title":"Risk assessment related to atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in gas and particle phases near industrial sites","volume":"119","author":"Ramirez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-5-799-2005","article-title":"A review of biomass burning emissions part II: intensive physical properties of biomass burning particles","volume":"5","author":"Reid","year":"2005","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0295","series-title":"Smouldering Combustion Phenomena in Science and Technology","first-page":"3","volume":"Vol. 1","author":"Rein","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0300","series-title":"Smouldering Fires and Natural Fuels. Fire Phenomena and the Earth System","first-page":"15","author":"Rein","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2005.09.035","article-title":"Spatial distribution of PM2.5 associated organic compounds in central California","volume":"40","author":"Rinehart","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0310","first-page":"497","article-title":"Occupational PAH exposures during prescribed pile burns","volume":"52","author":"Robinson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Occup. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1021\/es9609563","article-title":"Sources of fine organic aerosol. 8. Boilers burning no. 2 distillate fuel oil","volume":"31","author":"Rogge","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-5-2163-2005","article-title":"Characterization of high molecular weight compounds in urban atmospheric particles","volume":"5","author":"Samburova","year":"2005","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2014.04.001","article-title":"Study on particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons over bay of Bengal in winter season","volume":"145","author":"Saxena","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.1016\/S1001-0742(12)60249-6","article-title":"Emissions of parent, nitrated, and oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from indoor corn straw burning in normal and controlled combustion conditions","volume":"25","author":"Shen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2004.10.040","article-title":"Endocrine disrupting chemical emissions from combustion sources: diesel particulate emissions and domestic waste open burn emissions","volume":"39","author":"Sidhu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2010.09.001","article-title":"PM2.5 and PM10: the influence of sugarcane burning on potential cancer risk","volume":"44","author":"Silva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0883-2927(01)00061-0","article-title":"Biomass burning \u2014 a review of organic tracers for smoke from incomplete combustion","volume":"17","author":"Simoneit","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.11.042","article-title":"Emissions estimates of PAH from biomass fuels used in rural sector of Indo-Gangetic Plains of India","volume":"68","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0355","series-title":"Chapter 8: Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing","article-title":"IPCC, 2013: climate change 2013: the physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change","author":"Stocker","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2007GL029797","article-title":"Color of brown carbon: a model for ultraviolet and visible light absorption by organic carbon aerosol","volume":"34","author":"Sun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.4209\/aaqr.2015.03.0167","article-title":"A biomass combustion chamber: design, evaluation, and a case study of wheat straw combustion emission tests","volume":"15","author":"Tian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aerosol Air Qual. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2012.05.008","article-title":"Estimation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with size segregated combustion aerosols generated from household fuels","volume":"106","author":"Tiwari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(98)00136-2","article-title":"Analysis of environmental carcinogens associated with the incidence of lung cancer","volume":"99","author":"Tokiwa","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo2325","article-title":"Global vulnerability of peatlands to fire and carbon loss","volume":"8","author":"Turetsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.09.012","article-title":"Formation of brown carbon via reactions of ammonia with secondary organic aerosols from biogenic and anthropogenic precursors","volume":"63","author":"Updyke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0390","author":"USEPA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgi216","article-title":"Air pollution and cancer: biomarker studies in human populations","volume":"26","author":"Vineis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0400","author":"W.H.O."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2015.01.026","article-title":"Long term observations of PM2.5-associated PAHs: comparisons between normal and episode days","volume":"104","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2012.07.032","article-title":"Organic soil combustion in cypress swamps: moisture effects and landscape implications for carbon release","volume":"294","author":"Watts","year":"2013","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.4996\/fireecology.0901124","article-title":"Smoldering combustion and ground fires: ecological effects and multi-scale significance","volume":"9","author":"Watts","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fire Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-2624(200006)163:3<229::AID-JPLN229>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"SYNOPSIS polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil \u2014 a review","volume":"163","author":"Wilcke","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0269-7491(92)90113-O","article-title":"Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in crops from long-term field experiments amended with sewage sludge","volume":"76","author":"Wild","year":"1992","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2004.11.006","article-title":"Metabolic activation of polycyclic and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and DNA damage: a review","volume":"206","author":"Xue","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2003.10.004","article-title":"Photomutagenicity of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the US EPA priority pollutant list","volume":"557","author":"Yan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13801","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-14-13801-2014","article-title":"Chemical characterization of SOA formed from aqueous-phase reactions of phenols with the triplet excited state of carbonyl and hydroxyl radical","volume":"14","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0445","series-title":"Environmental Toxicology: Biological and Health Effects of Pollutants","author":"Yu","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2014.04.018","article-title":"Smouldering fire signatures in peat and their implications for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions","volume":"137","author":"Zaccone","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-14-1517-2014","article-title":"Dynamic light absorption of biomass-burning organic carbon photochemically aged under natural sunlight","volume":"14","author":"Zhong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2557","DOI":"10.1021\/es030518d","article-title":"Phase and size distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel and gasoline vehicle emissions","volume":"38","author":"Zielinska","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1080\/10473289.2004.10470973","article-title":"Emission rates and comparative chemical composition from selected in-use diesel and gasoline-fueled vehicles","volume":"54","author":"Zielinska","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc."}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969716311974?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969716311974?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T18:59:59Z","timestamp":1758653999000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969716311974"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"references-count":94,"alternative-id":["S0048969716311974"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in biomass-burning emissions and their contribution to light absorption and aerosol toxicity","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}