{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T11:12:25Z","timestamp":1790075545194,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]],"date-time":"2019-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561075200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":202,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"name":"NC Wildlife Resources Commission","award":["NC-F-99-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NC-F-99-R"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007703","name":"NC State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007703","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NC Wildlife Resources Commission"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000203","name":"US Geological Survey","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000203","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000202","name":"US Fish and Wildlife Service and Wildlife Management Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000202","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,21]],"date-time":"2018-06-21T03:24:27Z","timestamp":1529551467000},"page":"73-89","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Relation of contaminants to fish intersex in riverine sport fishes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"643","author":[{"given":"Casey A.","family":"Grieshaber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiffany N.","family":"Penland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Gregory","family":"Cope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan J.","family":"Heise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Mac","family":"Law","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damian","family":"Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. Derek","family":"Aday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Rice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth W.","family":"Kullman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3204","article-title":"Intersex in fishes and amphibians: population implications, prevalence, mechanisms and molecular biomarkers","volume":"35","author":"Abdel-Moneim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.09.061","article-title":"Intersex and alterations in reproductive development of a cichlid, Tilapia guineensis, from a municipal domestic water supply lake (Eleyele) in Southwestern Nigeria","volume":"541","author":"Adeogun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0015","series-title":"Toxicological Profile for Manganese","author":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0020","first-page":"267","article-title":"Information theory and an extension of the maximum likelihood principle","author":"Akaike","year":"1973","journal-title":"2nd Int. Symp. Inf. Theory"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(99)00175-8","article-title":"The extent of oestrogenic contamination in the UK estuarine and marine environments - further surveys of flounder","volume":"233","author":"Allen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0030","article-title":"European Union risk assessment report - BPA (4,4\u2032\u2013 Isopropylidenediphenol (Bisphenol \u2013 A))","author":"Aschberger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2013.04.005","article-title":"Intersex in teleost fish: are we distinguishing endocrine disruption from natural phenomena?","volume":"192","author":"Bahamonde","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1007\/s00027-006-0831-8","article-title":"Polychlorinated biphenyls, mercury, and potential endocrine disruption in fish from the Hudson River, New York, USA","volume":"68","author":"Baldigo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aquat. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1021\/es0514287","article-title":"Accumulation of contaminants in fish from wastewater treatment wetlands","volume":"40","author":"Barber","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.20068","article-title":"Histological evidence of intersex in feral Sharptooth Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) from an estrogen-polluted water source in Gauteng, South Africa","volume":"19","author":"Barnhoorn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1080\/10408449891344227","article-title":"Endocrine active compounds: from biology to dose response assessment","volume":"28","author":"Barton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2014.09.014","article-title":"Effects of the environmental estrogenic contaminants bisphenol A and 17\u03b1-ethinyl estradiol on sexual development and adult behaviors in aquatic wildlife species","volume":"214","author":"Bhandari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marenvres.2013.10.009","article-title":"Intersex condition and molecular markers of endocrine disruption in relation with burdens of emerging pollutants in Thicklip Grey Mullets (Chelon labrosus) from Basque estuaries (South-East Bay of Biscay)","volume":"96","author":"Bizarro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mar. Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1577\/H07-031.1","article-title":"Intersex (testicular oocytes) in Smallmouth Bass from the Potomac River and selected nearby drainages","volume":"19","author":"Blazer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Aquat. Anim. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6471","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-014-3868-5","article-title":"Reproductive health indicators of fishes from Pennsylvania watersheds: association with chemicals of emerging concern","author":"Blazer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1021\/es0617439","article-title":"Evidence of estrogenic mixture effects on the reproductive performance of fish","volume":"41","author":"Brian","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2012.01.006","article-title":"The lack of endocrine disrupting effects in catfish (Clarias gariepinus) from a DDT sprayed area","volume":"79","author":"Brink","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0090","series-title":"Model Selection and Multimodel Inference","author":"Burnham","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.1825","article-title":"Predicted-no-effect concentrations for the steroid estrogens estrone, 17\u03b2-estradiol, estriol, and 17\u03b1-ethinylestradiol","volume":"31","author":"Caldwell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2006.08.003","article-title":"Biologically directed environmental monitoring, fate, and transport of estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds in water: a review","volume":"65","author":"Campbell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018579312038","article-title":"Bioaccumulation of metals in fishes: an in vivo experimental study of a sewage fed ecosystem","volume":"17","author":"Deb","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environmentalist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2009.09.055","article-title":"An overview on the accumulation, distribution, transformations, toxicity and analytical methods for the monitoring of persistent organic pollutants","volume":"80","author":"El-Shahawi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0115","series-title":"Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life; Chlordane. Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines","author":"Environment Canada","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s002449900418","article-title":"Sediment toxicity evaluation for hexachlorobenzene: spiked sediment tests with Leptocheirus plumulosus, Hyalella azteca, and Chironomus tentans","volume":"35","author":"Fuchsman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0125","first-page":"89","article-title":"Heavy metals acting as endocrine disrupters","volume":"44","author":"Georgescu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anim. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0130","first-page":"37","article-title":"A review of the biology and management of blue catfish","volume":"24","author":"Graham","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. Fish. Soc. Symp."},{"issue":"Suppl. 7","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0135","first-page":"157","article-title":"Organization versus activation: the role of endocrine-disrupting contaminants (EDCs) during embryonic development in wildlife","volume":"103","author":"Guillette","year":"1995","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14843","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.25.14843","article-title":"Stream biodiversity: the ghost of land use past","volume":"95","author":"Harding","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7601","DOI":"10.1021\/es051037s","article-title":"Assessing organic contaminants in fish: comparison of a non-lethal tissue sampling technique to mobile and stationary passive sampling devices","volume":"39","author":"Heltsley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Envron. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b05370","article-title":"Reduction of intersex in a wild fish population in response to major municipal wastewater treatment plant upgrades","volume":"51","author":"Hicks","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1890\/ES14-00391.1","article-title":"Contaminants reduce male contribution to reproduction at the population scale","volume":"6","author":"Hillis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2005.11.008","article-title":"Environmental contaminants and biomarker responses in fish from the Columbia River and its tributaries: spatial and temporal trends","volume":"366","author":"Hinck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2009.08.001","article-title":"Widespread occurrence of intersex in black basses (Micropterus spp.) from U.S. rivers","volume":"95","author":"Hinck","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0170","first-page":"345","article-title":"Completion of the 2011 national land cover database for the conterminous United States \u2013 representing a decade of land cover change information","volume":"81","author":"Homer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Photogram. Engineer. Rem. Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0175","series-title":"Environmental Mercury Contamination","first-page":"167","article-title":"Factors in the transformation of mercury to methylmercury","author":"Jernelov","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2498","DOI":"10.1021\/es9710870","article-title":"Widespread sexual disruption in wild fish","volume":"32","author":"Jobling","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.96104s4715","article-title":"Research needs for the risk assessment of health and environmental effects of endocrine disruptors: a report of the U.S. EPA-sponsored workshop","volume":"104","author":"Kavlock","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1139\/f78-003","article-title":"Feeding interrelations between age-groups of pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) and comparisons with bluegill (L. macrochirus)","volume":"35","author":"Keast","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Fish. Res. Board Can."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1080\/00028487.2013.824922","article-title":"Survey of intersex largemouth bass from impoundments in Georgia USA","volume":"143","author":"Kellock","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trans. Am. Fish. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8897","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0609568104","article-title":"Collapse of a fish population after exposure to a synthetic estrogen","volume":"104","author":"Kidd","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1021\/es011055j","article-title":"Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999\u20132000: a national reconnaissance","volume":"36","author":"Kolpin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0210","series-title":"Inland Fisheries Management in North America","first-page":"353","article-title":"Assessment and management of ecological integrity","author":"Kwak","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0215","series-title":"Biological Effects of Complex Estrogenic and Other Endocrine Active Mixtures in Aquatic Systems","author":"Lee Pow","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.3607","article-title":"Endocrine active contaminants in aquatic systems and intersex in common sport fishes","volume":"36","author":"Lee Pow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5296","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b01568","article-title":"Windows of susceptibility and consequences of early life exposures to 17B-estradiol on medaka (Oryzias latipes) reproductive success","volume":"51","author":"Lee Pow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2004.05.010","article-title":"Gonadal histology and characteristic histopathology associated with endocrine disruption in the adult Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas)","volume":"19","author":"Leino","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s002440010075","article-title":"Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment quality guidelines for freshwater ecosystems","volume":"39","author":"MacDonald","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2004.12.070","article-title":"Review of evidence: are endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the aquatic environment impacting fish populations?","volume":"343","author":"Mills","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph8062265","article-title":"Effect of endocrine disruptor pesticides: a review","volume":"8","author":"Mnif","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2003.4170","article-title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and estrogenic compounds in experimental flue gas streams","volume":"32","author":"Muthumbi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7209","article-title":"Long-term exposure to environmental concentrations of the pharmaceutical ethynylestradiol causes reproductive failure in fish","volume":"112","author":"Nash","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0260","series-title":"Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Evaluation of Sources and Effects","author":"National Resource Council (NRC)","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0265","series-title":"Fisheries Techniques","first-page":"637","article-title":"Length, weight, and associated indices","author":"Neumann","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.2001.tb00505.x","article-title":"A histological description of intersexuality in the Roach","volume":"58","author":"Nolan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Fish Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0275","series-title":"North Carolina Risk-based Approach for PCB Advisories","author":"North Carolina Department of Public Health (NC DPH)","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0280","series-title":"Use of Passive Sampling to Measure the Bioavailability of Chemical Contaminants in Surface Waters and Soil","author":"O'Neal","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.03.251","article-title":"Food web contaminant dynamics of a large Atlantic slope river: implications for common and imperiled species","volume":"633","author":"Penland","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0290","article-title":"Guidelines for the protection and management of aquatic sediment quality in Ontario","author":"Persaud","year":"1993","journal-title":"Minist. Environ. Energy. Ontario."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfi134","article-title":"Manganese acts centrally to stimulate luteinizing hormone secretion: a potential influence on female pubertal development","volume":"85","author":"Pine","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.10.078","article-title":"Endocrine disruption in Thicklip Grey Mullet (Chelon labrosus) from the Urdaibai Biosphere Reserve (Bay of Biscay, southwestern Europe)","volume":"443","author":"Puy-Azurmendi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.02110917","article-title":"Combining xenoestrogens at levels below individual no-observed-effect concentrations dramatically enhances steroid hormone action","volume":"110","author":"Rajapakse","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0310","series-title":"Statistical Evidence: A Likelihood Paradigm","author":"Royall","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1577\/T06-086.1","article-title":"An evaluation of the relative influence of spatial, statistical, and biological factors on the accuracy of stream fish species presence models","volume":"136","author":"Ruiz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trans. Am. Fish. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.2797","article-title":"Sources of endocrine-disrupting compounds in North Carolina waterways: a geographic information systems approach","volume":"34","author":"Sackett","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2008.06.008","article-title":"Molecular biomarkers of endocrine disruption in small model fish","volume":"293","author":"Scholz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.01.009","article-title":"Wild fish from the bay of Quinte area of concern contain elevated tissue concentrations of PCBs and exhibit evidence of endocrine-related health effects","volume":"66","author":"Simmons","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1139\/f81-126","article-title":"Fate of kepone and mirex in a model aquatic environment: sediment, fish, and diet","volume":"38","author":"Skaar","year":"1981","journal-title":"Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0340","series-title":"Endocrine Regulation, in: Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology","first-page":"149","author":"Solomon","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0345","series-title":"Fisheries Techniques","first-page":"433","article-title":"Field examination of fishes","author":"Strange","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1080\/10408440802233259","article-title":"The endocrine effects of mercury in humans and wildlife","volume":"39","author":"Tan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(98)00334-9","article-title":"Behavior and occurrence of estrogens in municipal sewage treatment plants - I. Investigations in Germany, Canada and Brazil","volume":"225","author":"Ternes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2011.05.008","article-title":"Intersex and reproductive impairment of wild fish exposed to multiple municipal wastewater discharges","volume":"104","author":"Tetreault","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1139\/f00-135","article-title":"Modeling relationships between landscape-level attributes and snorkel-counts of Chinook Salmon and Steelhead parr in Idaho","volume":"57","author":"Thompson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1021\/es0201348","article-title":"Relative potencies and combination effects of steroidal estrogens in fish","volume":"37","author":"Thorpe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0375","first-page":"295","article-title":"Responses of fish to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)","volume":"32","author":"Tuvikene","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann. Zool. Fenn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(85)90116-4","article-title":"Variation in growth rate, liver weight and body composition at first sexual maturity in rainbow trout","volume":"49","author":"Tveranger","year":"1985","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0385","series-title":"Technical Support Document for the Hazardous Waste Identification Rule: Risk Assessment for Human and Ecological Receptors","volume":"vol. 1","author":"US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0390","series-title":"Method 3050B - Acid Digestion of Sediments, Sludges, and Soils","first-page":"12","volume":"1996","author":"US EPA","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0395","series-title":"Guidance for Assessing Chemical Contaminant Data for Use in Fish Advisories","author":"US EPA","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0400","series-title":"Procedures for the Derivation of Equilibrium Partitioning Sediment Benchmarks (ESBs) for the Protection of Benthic Organisms: PAH Mixtures","author":"US EPA","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0405","series-title":"Aquatic Life Ambient Water Quality Criteria Nonylphenol","author":"US EPA","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0410","first-page":"1","article-title":"Freshwater sediment screening benchmarks","author":"US EPA","year":"2006","journal-title":"Region III BTAG."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0415","author":"US EPA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3407","DOI":"10.1021\/es0720661","article-title":"Reproductive disruption in fish downstream from an estrogenic wastewater effluent","volume":"42","author":"Vajda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0425","first-page":"414","article-title":"Diet composition of large Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) in Chesapeake Bay","volume":"101","author":"Walter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fish. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1897\/08-047.1","article-title":"A national risk assessment for intersex in fish arising from steroid estrogens","volume":"28","author":"Williams","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.04.019","article-title":"Intersex and other reproductive disruption of fish in wastewater effluent dominated Colorado streams","volume":"144","author":"Woodling","year":"2006","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part C. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0440","first-page":"31","article-title":"Predicted no-effect concentration for 17-[Beta]-Estradiol in waters of China","volume":"228","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.2544","article-title":"Intersex (testicular oocytes) in Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) on the Delmarva Peninsula, USA","volume":"33","author":"Yonkos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071_bb0450","series-title":"Fate and Biological Activity of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in the Waste of a Commercial Swine Operation","author":"Yost","year":"2014"}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969718321429?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969718321429?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T19:54:51Z","timestamp":1758657291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969718321429"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"references-count":90,"alternative-id":["S0048969718321429"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Relation of contaminants to fish intersex in riverine sport fishes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}