{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:45:38Z","timestamp":1789605938988,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41730855"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41730855"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41522301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41522301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41603007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41603007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004171","name":"Ministry of Environmental Protection","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201309010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201309010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004493","name":"International Atomic Energy Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F32008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004493","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010871","name":"Recruitment Program of Global Experts","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,14]],"date-time":"2019-11-14T13:25:23Z","timestamp":1573737923000},"page":"134515","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Nitrogen isotope differences between atmospheric nitrate and corresponding nitrogen oxides: A new constraint using oxygen isotopes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"701","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0503-6585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xue-Yan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin-Dong","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Peng","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cong-Qiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s40726-015-0006-0","article-title":"Paleo-perspectives on potential future changes in the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere due to climate change and anthropogenic emissions","volume":"1","author":"Alexander","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5043","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-9-5043-2009","article-title":"Quantifying atmospheric nitrate formation pathways based on a global model of the oxygen isotopic composition (\u039417O) of atmospheric nitrate","volume":"9","author":"Alexander","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0015","article-title":"Global inorganic nitrate production mechanisms: comparison of a global model with nitrate isotope observations","author":"Alexander","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11647","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-18-11647-2018","article-title":"Nitrogen isotope fractionation during gas-to-particle conversion of NOx to NO3\u2212 in the atmosphere \u2013 implications for isotope-based NOx source apportionment","volume":"18","author":"Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06503","article-title":"Loss of plant species after chronic low-level nitrogen deposition to prairie grasslands","volume":"451","author":"Clark","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1002\/2014JG002839","article-title":"Quantifying uncertainty in stable isotope mixing models","volume":"120","author":"Davis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.: Biogeo."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1021\/jp962332p","article-title":"Isotope specific kinetics of hydroxyl radical (OH\u00b7) with water (H2O): testing models of reactivity and atmospheric fractionation","volume":"101","author":"Dubey","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G04020","DOI":"10.1029\/2008JG000889","article-title":"Dual nitrate isotopes in dry deposition: utility for partitioning NOx source contributions to landscape nitrogen deposition","volume":"114","author":"Elliott","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.12.177","article-title":"Isotopic advances in understanding reactive nitrogen deposition and atmospheric processing","volume":"662","author":"Elliott","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11569","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b03510","article-title":"First measurements of the nitrogen isotopic composition of nox from biomass burning","volume":"50","author":"Fibiger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0055","first-page":"83","article-title":"Seasonal trends of NH4+ and NO3\u2212 nitrogen isotope composition in rain collected at J\u00fclich, Germany","volume":"30","author":"Freyer","year":"1978","journal-title":"Tellus B"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3402\/tellusb.v43i1.15244","article-title":"Seasonal variation of 15N\/14N ratios in atmospheric nitrate species","volume":"43","author":"Freyer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Tellus B"},{"issue":"D8","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14791","DOI":"10.1029\/93JD00874","article-title":"On the interaction of isotopic exchange processes with photochemical reactions in atmospheric oxides of nitrogen","volume":"98","author":"Freyer","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8013","DOI":"10.1029\/2000JD900681","article-title":"Chemistry and oxidation capacity of the nitrate radical in the continental boundary layer near Berlin","volume":"106","author":"Geyer","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2017.01.036","article-title":"Isotopic ratios of nitrate in aerosol samples from MT. Lulin, a high-altitude station in Central Taiwan","volume":"154","author":"Guha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1182570","article-title":"Significant acidification in major Chinese croplands","volume":"327","author":"Guo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14465","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-18-14465-2018","article-title":"Atmospheric \u039417O(NO3\u2212) reveals nocturnal chemistry dominates nitrate production in Beijing haze","volume":"18","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1002\/2015JD024020","article-title":"Chemical composition, sources, and aging process of submicron aerosols in Beijing: contrast between summer and winter","volume":"121","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13774","article-title":"High secondary aerosol contribution to particulate pollution during haze events in China","volume":"514","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25395","DOI":"10.1029\/97JD02075","article-title":"The isotopic composition of tropospheric ozone in three environments","volume":"102","author":"Johnston","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1021\/ac061022s","article-title":"Triple oxygen isotope analysis of nitrate using the denitrifier method and thermal decomposition of N2O","volume":"79","author":"Kaiser","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2019.04.026","article-title":"Tracing the sources and formation pathways of atmospheric particulate nitrate over the Pacific Ocean using stable isotopes","volume":"209","author":"Kamezaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0115","first-page":"110","article-title":"Formation mechanism and source apportionment of ammonium and nitrate ions in aerosol using nitrogen isotopes","volume":"29","author":"Kawashima","year":"2014","journal-title":"Earozoru Kenkyu"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0120","series-title":"Stable Isotopes in Ecology and Environmental Science","first-page":"375","article-title":"Tracing anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen to ecosystems","author":"Kendall","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0125","first-page":"107","article-title":"Concentrations and species composition of atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as observed during the wet and dry season in Rond\u00f4nia (Amazonia)","author":"Kesselmeier","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4063","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(00)00186-2","article-title":"Atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOC) at a remote tropical forest site in central Amazonia","volume":"34","author":"Kesselmeier","year":"2000","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0135","series-title":"NOx in Chinese Megacities. Disposal of Dangerous Chemicals in Urban Areas and Mega Cities","first-page":"249","author":"Liu","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11917","article-title":"Enhanced nitrogen deposition over China","volume":"494","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3398","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1715382115","article-title":"Nitrate is an important nitrogen source for Arctic tundra plants","volume":"115","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.06.010","article-title":"Stable isotope analyses of precipitation nitrogen sources in Guiyang, Southwestern China","volume":"230","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2008.01163.x","article-title":"Incorporating uncertainty and prior information into stable isotope mixing models","volume":"11","author":"Moore","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1161910","article-title":"Tracing the origin and fate of NOx in the arctic atmosphere using stable isotopes in nitrate","volume":"322","author":"Morin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0165","first-page":"1","article-title":"Triple oxygen isotopes indicate urbanization affects sources of nitrate in wet and dry atmospheric deposition","author":"Nelson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.06.046","article-title":"Isotopic characterization of nitrate, ammonium and sulfate in stack PM2.5 emissions in the Athabasca oil sands region, Alberta, Canada","volume":"60","author":"Proemse","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04092","article-title":"Increase in tropospheric nitrogen dioxide over China observed from space","volume":"437","author":"Richter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2017.05.010","article-title":"\u03b415N values of atmospheric N species simultaneously collected using sector-based samplers distant from sources \u2013 isotopic inheritance and fractionation","volume":"162","author":"Savard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.01.081","article-title":"Isotopic evaluation on relative contributions of major NOx sources to nitrate of PM2.5 in Beijing","volume":"248","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4348","DOI":"10.1021\/es0625982","article-title":"Source apportionment of ambient volatile organic compounds in Beijing","volume":"41","author":"Song","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2003GB002040","article-title":"Biomass burning in Asia: annual and seasonal estimates and atmospheric emissions","volume":"17","author":"Streets","year":"2003","journal-title":"Global Biogeochem. Cy."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3441","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-13-3441-2016","article-title":"Accurate and precise quantification of atmospheric nitrate in streams, draining land of various uses by using triple oxygen isotopes as tracers","volume":"13","author":"Tsunogai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2016.06.039","article-title":"Theoretical calculation of oxygen equilibrium isotope fractionation factors involving various NOy, molecules, OH, and H2O and its implications for isotope variations in atmospheric nitrate","volume":"191","author":"Walters","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2015.05.029","article-title":"Theoretical calculation of nitrogen isotope equilibrium exchange fractionation factors for various NOy molecules","volume":"164","author":"Walters","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2013.05.029","article-title":"Evidence of coal combustion contribution to ambient VOCs during winter in Beijing","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chinese Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0220","first-page":"1552","article-title":"Determination of 15N natural abundance in nitrogen oxides from major anthropogenic emission sources","volume":"53","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Pedol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0225","article-title":"Influences of atmospheric pollution on the contributions of major oxidation pathways to PM2.5 nitrate formation in Beijing","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2019GL082028","article-title":"An odd oxygen framework for wintertime ammonium nitrate aerosol pollution in urban areas: NOx and VOC control as mitigation strategies","author":"Womack","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2015.03.006","article-title":"Use of isotopic compositions of nitrate in tsp to identify sources and chemistry in south china sea","volume":"109","author":"Xiao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3359","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-15-3359-2015","article-title":"Diel and seasonal changes of biogenic volatile organic compounds within and above an Amazonian rainforest","volume":"15","author":"Y\u00e1nez-Serrano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-11-1833-2014","article-title":"Isotopic composition of water-soluble nitrate in bulk atmospheric deposition at Dongsha Island: sources and implications of external N supply to the northern South China Sea","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(00)00408-8","article-title":"Comparisons of aerosol nitrogen isotopic composition at two polluted coastal sites","volume":"35","author":"Yeatman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-12-481-2012","article-title":"A high-resolution emission inventory of primary pollutants for the Huabei region, China","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5923","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b06316","article-title":"First assessment of NOx sources at a regional background site in North China using isotopic analysis linked with modeling","volume":"51","author":"Zong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969719345061?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969719345061?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T22:56:49Z","timestamp":1778713009000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969719345061"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S0048969719345061"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Nitrogen isotope differences between atmospheric nitrate and corresponding nitrogen oxides: A new constraint using oxygen isotopes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134515","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"134515"}}