{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T06:30:24Z","timestamp":1784615424335,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004410","name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ftirma Kurumu","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["J462765-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J462765-13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]],"date-time":"2019-12-02T08:29:12Z","timestamp":1575275352000},"page":"135862","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Occurrence and fate of antimicrobial triclocarban and its transformation products in municipal sludge during advanced anaerobic digestion using microwave pretreatment"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"705","author":[{"given":"Gokce","family":"Kor-Bicakci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Abbott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emine","family":"Ubay-Cokgor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cigdem","family":"Eskicioglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecs.2008.06.002","article-title":"Principles and potential of the anaerobic digestion of waste-activated sludge","volume":"34","author":"Appels","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog. Energy Combust. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.12.122","article-title":"Influence of thermal hydrolysis-anaerobic digestion treatment of wastewater solids on concentrations of triclosan, triclocarban, and their transformation products in biosolids","volume":"171","author":"Armstrong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.10.048","article-title":"Degradation of triclosan and triclocarban and formation of transformation products in activated sludge using benchtop bioreactors","volume":"161","author":"Armstrong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carr\u00e8re, H., Dumas, C., Battimelli, A., Batstone, D.J., Delgen\u00e8s, J.P., Steyer, J.P., Ferrer, I., 2010. Pretreatment methods to improve sludge anaerobic degradability: A review. J. Hazard. Mater. 183 (1\u20133), 1-15.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2010.06.129"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1021\/es303888v","article-title":"Screening of lake sediments for emerging contaminants by liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure photoionization and electrospray ionization coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry","volume":"47","author":"Chiaia-Hernandez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0030","first-page":"61","article-title":"Factors affecting the removal of organic micropollutants from wastewater in conventional treatment plants (CTP) and membrane bioreactors (MBR)","volume":"7","author":"Cirja","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Sci. Bio."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2010.06.004","article-title":"Review of \u2018emerging\u2019 organic contaminants in biosolids and assessment of international research priorities for the agricultural use of biosolids","volume":"37","author":"Clarke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.12.008","article-title":"Occurrence and fate of antibiotic, analgesic\/anti-inflammatory, and antifungal compounds in five wastewater treatment processes","volume":"473-474","author":"Guerra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2015.01.0010","article-title":"Occurrence and fate of trace contaminants during aerobic and anaerobic sludge digestion and dewatering","volume":"44","author":"Guerra","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3603","DOI":"10.1021\/es500495p","article-title":"On the need and speed of regulating triclosan and triclocarban in the United States","volume":"48","author":"Halden","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1021\/es049071e","article-title":"Co-occurrence of triclocarban and triclosan in U.S. water resources","volume":"39","author":"Halden","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2006.04.066","article-title":"Mass balance assessment of triclosan removal during conventional sewage treatment","volume":"66","author":"Heidler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb2005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6324","DOI":"10.1021\/es703008y","article-title":"Meta-analysis of mass balances examining chemical fate during wastewater treatment","volume":"42","author":"Heidler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1039\/b914324f","article-title":"Fate of organohalogens in US wastewater treatment plants and estimated chemical releases to soils nationwide from biosolids recycling","volume":"11","author":"Heidler","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Environ. Monitor."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3634","DOI":"10.1021\/es052245n","article-title":"Partitioning, persistence, and accumulation in digested sludge of the topical antiseptic triclocarban during wastewater treatment","volume":"40","author":"Heidler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0075","series-title":"Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, CCME Project # 447-2009","article-title":"Emerging substances of concern in biosolids: Concentrations and effects of treatment processes, final report \u2013 Field sampling program","author":"Hydromantis Inc.","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0080","series-title":"Effect of Microwave Pretreatment on Fate of Antimicrobials and Conventional Pollutants during Anaerobic Sludge Digestion and Biosolids Quality for Land Application","author":"Kor-Bicakci","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2019.05.002","article-title":"Recent developments on thermal municipal sludge pretreatment technologies for enhanced anaerobic digestion","volume":"110","author":"Kor-Bicakci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Renew. Sust. Energy Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0090","first-page":"423","article-title":"Effect of microwave pretreatment on removal of triclosan during anaerobic digestion of wastewater treatment sludge","volume":"110","author":"Kor-Bicakci","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Water Environ. Fed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2018.11.103","article-title":"Effect of dewatered sludge microwave pretreatment temperature and duration on net energy generation and biosolids quality from anaerobic digestion","volume":"168","author":"Kor-Bicakci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.05.015","article-title":"Fate of Triclocarban, Triclosan and Methyltriclosan during wastewater and biosolids treatment processes","volume":"47","author":"Lozano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"0","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.12.065","article-title":"A review on the occurrence of micropollutants in the aquatic environment and their fate and removal during wastewater treatment","volume":"473\u2013474","author":"Luo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2009.12.032","article-title":"Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in archived US biosolids from the 2001 EPA national sewage sludge survey","volume":"44","author":"McClellan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4570","DOI":"10.1021\/es702882g","article-title":"Fate of triclosan and evidence for reductive dechlorination of triclocarban in estuarine sediments","volume":"42","author":"Miller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.08.034","article-title":"Degradation of triclocarban by a triclosan-degrading Sphingomonas sp. strain YL-JM2C","volume":"144","author":"Mulla","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.05.032","article-title":"Phase distribution and removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products during anaerobic sludge digestion","volume":"260","author":"Narumiya","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0130","first-page":"173","article-title":"Developments in pre-treatment methods to improve anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge","volume":"15","author":"Neumann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Sci. Bio."},{"issue":"2010","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2009.02.062","article-title":"Effect of output power, target temperature, and solid concentration on the solubilization of waste activated sludge using microwave irradiation","volume":"101","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7881","DOI":"10.1021\/es5006362","article-title":"Transformation products and human metabolites of triclocarban and triclosan in sewage sludge across the United States","volume":"48","author":"Pycke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0145","first-page":"282","article-title":"Emerging investigators series: pyrolysis removes common microconstituents triclocarban, triclosan, and nonylphenol from biosolids","volume":"2","author":"Ross","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol."},{"issue":"0","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2012.11.039","article-title":"Fate of selected pharmaceuticals and synthetic endocrine disrupting compounds during wastewater treatment and sludge anaerobic digestion","volume":"244\u2013245","author":"Samaras","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2006.03.006","article-title":"Detection of triclocarban and two co-contaminating chlorocarbanilides in US aquatic environments using isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"103","author":"Sapkota","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.08.108","article-title":"Screening triclocarban and its transformation products in river sediment using liquid chromatography and high resolution mass spectrometry","volume":"502","author":"Souchier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.08.083","article-title":"Insights into reductive dechlorination of triclocarban in river sediments: field measurements and in vitro mechanism investigations","volume":"144","author":"Souchier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0170","series-title":"American Public Health Association\/American Water Works Association\/Water Environment Federation, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, Washington DC, USA","author":"Standard Methods","year":"2005"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0175","first-page":"480","article-title":"Analysis of emerging organic contaminants in environmental solid samples","volume":"10","author":"Tadeo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cent. Eur. J. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.12.083","article-title":"Seasonal variations in fate and removal of trace organic chemical contaminants while operating a full-scale membrane bioreactor","volume":"550","author":"Trinh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"0","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2012.10.032","article-title":"Microwave irradiation: a sustainable way for sludge treatment and resource recovery","volume":"18","author":"Tyagi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Renew. Sust. Energy Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0190","series-title":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Method 1694: Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Water, Soil, Sediment, and Biosolids by HPLC\/MS\/MS, EPA-821-R-08-002","author":"USEPA","year":"2007"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(67)90014-0","article-title":"Gas chromatographic separation of anaerobic digester gases using porous polymers","volume":"1","author":"van Huyssteen","year":"1967","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep03731","article-title":"Wastewater treatment plants as chemical observatories to forecast ecological and human health risks of manmade chemicals","volume":"4","author":"Venkatesan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2012.05.049","article-title":"Occurrence of triclosan, triclocarban, and its lesser chlorinated congeners in Minnesota freshwater sediments collected near wastewater treatment plants","volume":"229-230","author":"Venkatesan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.04.028","article-title":"Occurrence of pharmaceutical compounds in urban wastewater: removal, mass load and environmental risk after a secondary treatment\u2014a review","volume":"429","author":"Verlicchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4900","DOI":"10.1021\/jf900376c","article-title":"Adsorption and degradation of triclosan and triclocarban in soils and biosolids-amended soils","volume":"57","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2015.12.080","article-title":"Occurrence of trace organic contaminants in wastewater sludge and their removals by anaerobic digestion","volume":"210","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2007.02.013","article-title":"Biological degradation of triclocarban and triclosan in a soil under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and comparison with environmental fate modelling","volume":"150","author":"Ying","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969719358577?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969719358577?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T13:03:25Z","timestamp":1777467805000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969719358577"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S0048969719358577"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Occurrence and fate of antimicrobial triclocarban and its transformation products in municipal sludge during advanced anaerobic digestion using microwave pretreatment","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135862","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"135862"}}