{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T03:07:23Z","timestamp":1790651243548,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]],"date-time":"2021-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":164,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010414","name":"Health Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010414","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,10]],"date-time":"2020-05-10T23:03:01Z","timestamp":1589151781000},"page":"139330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":158,"special_numbering":"C","title":["\u03b2-Glucan extracts from the same edible shiitake mushroom Lentinus edodes produce differential in-vitro immunomodulatory and pulmonary cytoprotective effects \u2014 Implications for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) immunotherapies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"732","author":[{"given":"Emma J.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Masterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4506-7212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuele","family":"Rezoagli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"O'Toole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0538-9786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian","family":"Major","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary D.","family":"Stack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8476-4854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John G.","family":"Laffey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil J.","family":"Rowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina43080076","article-title":"Effects of beta-glucans on the immune system","author":"Akramiene","year":"2007","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5941\/MYCO.2014.42.3.301","article-title":"Determination of glucan contents in the fruiting bodies and mycelia of Lentinula edodes cultivars","author":"Bak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mycobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1443-x","article-title":"The LUNG SAFE study: a presentation of the prevalence of ARDS according to the Berlin definition!","author":"Bellani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/35092620","article-title":"Immune recognition. A new receptor for beta-glucans","author":"Brown","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00505.x","article-title":"Immune recognition of fungal \u03b2-glucans","author":"Brown","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb2010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2019.05.044","article-title":"Yeast beta-glucans and microalgal extracts modulate the immune response and gut microbiome in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis)","volume":"92","author":"Carballo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-017-0629-x","article-title":"Pathogenic human coronovirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology","volume":"39","author":"Channappanavar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb2005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-020-00626-7","article-title":"Functional activities of beta-glucans in the prevention or treatment of cervical cancer","volume":"13","author":"Chichian","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ovarian Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-017-0639-8","article-title":"Cytokine storm and sepsis disease pathogenesis","volume":"39","author":"Chousterman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.23812\/CONTI-E","article-title":"Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and IL-6) and lung inflammation by Coronavirus-19 (COVI-19 or SARS-CoV-2): anti-inflammatory strategies","volume":"34","author":"Conti","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2010.12.021","article-title":"Studies on the relationship between pulsed UV light irradiation and the simultaneous occurrence of molecular and cellular damage in clinically-relevant Candida albicans","volume":"84","author":"Farrell","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0090","series-title":"Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products","article-title":"Edible mushrooms as potential sources of new hypocholesterolemic compounds","author":"Gil-Ramirez","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-03-1140","article-title":"Dectin-1 uses novel mechanisms for yeast phagocytosis in macrophages","author":"Herre","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"395","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaur, R., Sharma, M., Ji D, Xu M, Agyei, D. 2020. Structural features, modification, and functionalities of beta-glucan. Fibers. 8(1):1. https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fib8010001.","DOI":"10.3390\/fib8010001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0110","series-title":"The Molecular Story of COVID-19; NAD+ Depletion Addresses all Questions in this Infection","author":"Kouhpayeh","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.46370\/sajfte.2015.v01i03and04.02","article-title":"Role of edible mushrooms as functional foods \u2014 a review","volume":"1","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"South Asian J. Food Technol. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201701-0107CP","article-title":"Fifty years of research in ARDS. Cell based therapy for ARDS: biology and potential therapeutic value","author":"Laffey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2007.1903","article-title":"Oxidative stress, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, and lung fibrosis","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.11.6.745","article-title":"Oxidative stress and steroid resistance in asthma and COPD: pharmacological manipulation of HDAC-2 as a therapeutic strategy","author":"Marwick","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Ther. Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0145","first-page":"A1222","article-title":"Purified beta-glucan from the Lentinus edodes mushroom attenuates antibiotic resistant Klebsiella pneumonia-induced pulmonary sepsis","volume":"199","author":"Masterson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2020.02.007","article-title":"Nutraceuticals have potential for boosting the type 1 interferon response to RNA viruses including influenza and coronavirus","author":"McCarty","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0155","series-title":"Carbohydrate Polymers","first-page":"115521","article-title":"Isolation and comparison of \u03b1- and \u03b2-d-glucans from shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) with different biological activities","author":"Morales","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1815","article-title":"An integrated model of the recognition of Candida albicans by the innate immune system","author":"Netea","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.930686","article-title":"Immunomodulatory activities associated with \u03b2-glucan derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"54","author":"Pelizon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.2000.016003534.x","article-title":"Oxidative stress and regulation of glutathione in lung inflammation","author":"Rahman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2017.06.62","article-title":"Definition and epidemiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome","author":"Rezoagli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138532","article-title":"Challenges and solutions for addressing critical shortage of supply chain for personal and protective equipment (PPE) arising from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic \u2014 case study from the Republic of Ireland","volume":"725","author":"Rowan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020994628109","article-title":"Medicinal mushrooms: a rapidly developing area of biotechnology for cancer therapy and other bioactives","volume":"24","author":"Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0210","series-title":"Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Biology of 1\u20133 Beta Glucans and Related Polysaccharides","article-title":"Chemistry of \u03b2-glucans","author":"Stone","year":"2009"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1353\/pbm.2006.0034","article-title":"Medicinal mushrooms and cancer therapy: translating a traditional practice into Western medicine","volume":"49","author":"Sullivan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Perspect. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taufek, N.M., Harith, H.H., Hafiz, M., ZulIlhamd, A. R., Rowan, N., Wan-Mohtar W.A.A.Q.I., 2020. Performance of Mycelial Biomass and Exopolysaccharide from Malaysian Ganoderma lucidum for the Fungivore Red Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis Sp.) in Zebrafish Embryo. vol 17 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aqrep.2020.100322.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aqrep.2020.100322"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0230","article-title":"Placebo-driven clinical trials of transfer point glucan #300 in children with chronic respiratory problems: III. Clinical findings","author":"Vaclav","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(00)00233-7","article-title":"Flow cytometry of apoptotic cell death","author":"Vermes","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.11.6297-b","article-title":"Dectin-1 expression and function are enhanced on alternatively activated and GM-CSF-treated macrophages and are negatively regulated by IL-10, dexamethasone, and lipopolysaccharide","author":"Willment","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2010.02.001","article-title":"Advances in lentinan: isolation, structure, chain conformation and bioactivities","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, W., Zhao, Y., Zhang, F., Wang, Q., Li, T., Liu, Z., Wang, J., Qin, Y., Zhang, X., Yan, X., Zeng, Z., Zhang, S. 2020. The use of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of people with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): the perspectives of clinical immunologists from China, Clin. Immunol. (published online 25 March, 2025) https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clim.2020.108393.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2020.108393"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2004.11.011","article-title":"Characterization and immunomodulating activities of polysaccharide from Lentinus edodes","author":"Zheng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2015.01.019","article-title":"\u03b2-Glucans from edible and medicinal mushrooms: characteristics, physicochemical and biological activities","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330_bb0285","article-title":"Lentinan inhibits oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine production induced by benzo(a)pyrene in human keratinocytes","author":"Zi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969720328473?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969720328473?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T10:25:16Z","timestamp":1758709516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969720328473"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0048969720328473"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"\u03b2-Glucan extracts from the same edible shiitake mushroom Lentinus edodes produce differential in-vitro immunomodulatory and pulmonary cytoprotective effects \u2014 Implications for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) immunotherapies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139330","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"139330"}}