{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T00:00:56Z","timestamp":1794009656833,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]],"date-time":"2020-06-24T01:58:25Z","timestamp":1592963905000},"page":"140460","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":168,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Hydrogeochemistry and fluoride contamination in Jiaokou Irrigation District, Central China: Assessment based on multivariate statistical approach and human health risk"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"741","author":[{"given":"Qiying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panpan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9354-4060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faxuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-019-0219-8","article-title":"Hydrogeochemistry and fluoride contamination in the hard rock terrain of central Telangana, India: analyses of its spatial distribution and health risk","volume":"1","author":"Adimalla","year":"2019","journal-title":"SN Applied Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s12403-017-0268-4","article-title":"Assessment of human health risk associated with high groundwater fluoride intake in southern districts of Punjab, India","volume":"11","author":"Ahada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exposure and Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-016-0563-5","article-title":"Worldwide contamination of water by fluoride","volume":"14","author":"Ali","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0020","article-title":"Fluoride contamination in groundwater of the Shanmuganadhi River Basin (south India) and its association with other chemical constituents using geographical information system and multivariate statistics","author":"Aravinthasamy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.03.014","article-title":"Assessing the risk of an excess fluoride intake among Swedish children in households with private wells\u2014expanding static single-source methods to a probabilistic multi-exposure-pathway approach","volume":"68","author":"Augustsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.3390\/w10060687","article-title":"Coastal aquifer contamination and geochemical processes evaluation in Tugela Catchment, South Africa\u2014geochemical and statistical approaches","volume":"10","author":"Badana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-012-1560-z","article-title":"Hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwaters with excess fluoride concentrations from Dashtestan, South of Iran","volume":"67","author":"Battaleb-Looie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Earth Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2011.08.058","article-title":"Managed aquifer recharge of treated wastewater: water quality changes resulting from infiltration through the vadose zone","volume":"45","author":"Bekele","year":"2011","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.10.093","article-title":"Mechanisms of fluoride release in sediments of Argentina\u2019s central region","volume":"443","author":"Borgnino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2013.11.035","article-title":"Fluoride and arsenic exposure through water and grain crops in Nagarparkar, Pakistan","volume":"100","author":"Brahman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s100400050216","article-title":"A proposed new diagram for geochemical classification of natural waters and interpretation of chemical data","volume":"7","author":"Chadha","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hydrogeol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0060","series-title":"Children's Health Risk Assessment in the Drinking Water Type Endemic Fluorosis Areas after Supplying Low Fluoride Public Water","author":"Chen","year":"2013"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s12403-016-0231-9","article-title":"Assessing nitrate and fluoride contaminants in drinking water and their health risk of rural residents living in a semiarid region of Northwest China","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exposure and Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3390\/w11010096","article-title":"Hydrogeochemical characteristics and quality assessment of groundwater in an irrigated region, Northwest China","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Water"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2007.10.019","article-title":"Subchronic fluoride intake induces impairment in habituation and active avoidance tasks in rats","volume":"579","author":"Chioca","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1104912","article-title":"Developmental fluoride neurotoxicity: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"120","author":"Choi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2014.11.001","article-title":"Association of lifetime exposure to fluoride and cognitive functions in Chinese children: a pilot study","volume":"47","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.063","article-title":"Anomalous concentrations of arsenic, fluoride and radon in volcanic-sedimentary aquifers from central Italy: quality indexes for management of the water resource","volume":"253","author":"Cinti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2011.01.012","article-title":"Controls on elevated fluoride and arsenic concentrations in groundwater from the Yuncheng Basin, China","volume":"26","author":"Currell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.11.021","article-title":"Geochemical sources, hydrogeochemical behavior, and health risk assessment of fluoride in an endemic fluorosis area, central Iran","volume":"193","author":"Dehbandi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s12403-016-0218-6","article-title":"Hydrochemistry of fluoride in groundwaters from the Permo\u2013Triassic aquifer system of central Shaanxi Province, Northwest China","volume":"8","author":"Dou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exposure and Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2014.04.046","article-title":"The use of hydrochemical and environmental isotopic tracers to understand the functioning of the aquifer system in the Bou Hafna and Haffouz regions, Central Tunisia","volume":"338","author":"El Mejri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Quat. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2018.03.022","article-title":"Fluoride contamination in groundwater sources in southwestern Nigeria: assessment using multivariate statistical approach and human health risk","volume":"156","author":"Emenike","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecotox. Environ. Safe."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.124770","article-title":"Estimation of some trace metal pollutants in River Atuwara southwestern Nigeria and spatio-temporal human health risks assessment","volume":"239","author":"Emenike","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.05.276","article-title":"Groundwater fluoride contamination and probabilistic health risk assessment in fluoride endemic areas of the Upper East Region, Ghana","volume":"233","author":"Ganyaglo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.09.109","article-title":"Evaluation of fluorine release from air deposited coal spoil piles: a case study at Yangquan city, northern China","volume":"545\u2013546","author":"Gao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"3962","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1126\/science.170.3962.1088","article-title":"Mechanisms controlling world water chemistry","volume":"170","author":"Gibbs","year":"1970","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70278-3","article-title":"Neurobehavioural effects of developmental toxicity","volume":"13","author":"Grandjean","year":"2014","journal-title":"The lancet neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0145","first-page":"72","article-title":"Analysis of crop irrigation damage causes and remedial measures in Jiaokou irrigation area","volume":"35","author":"Guo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ground Water"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2012.01.016","article-title":"Spatial variation in arsenic and fluoride concentrations of shallow groundwater from the town of Shahai in the Hetao basin, Inner Mongolia","volume":"27","author":"Guo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0155","series-title":"Surface Water Pollution in the Middle Chinese Loess Plateau with Special Focus on Hexavalent Chromium (Cr6+): Qccurrence, Sources and Health Risks. Expo Health","first-page":"1","author":"He","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gexplo.2012.12.012","article-title":"Geochemical characteristics and fluoride distribution in the groundwater of the Zhangye Basin in Northwestern China","volume":"135","author":"He","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Geochem. Explor."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0165","series-title":"Pedogenic and Composition Characteristics of the Loess Soil and its Paleo-environmental Significance in the Xiushidu Profile of Jingyang","author":"Hou","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0170","series-title":"Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","first-page":"121","article-title":"Fluoride in the environment and its metabolism in humans","volume":"211","author":"Jha","year":"2011"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16101683","article-title":"Fluoride occurrence and human health risk in drinking water wells from southern edge of Chinese Loess Plateau","volume":"16","author":"Jia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.137170","article-title":"Alterations to groundwater chemistry due to modern water transfer for irrigation over decades","volume":"717","author":"Jia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb2005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.12.084","article-title":"FIMAR: A new Fluoride Index to mitigate geogenic contamination by Managed Aquifer Recharge","volume":"220","author":"Kalpana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0185","article-title":"Risk of fluoride-rich groundwater on human health: remediation through managed aquifer recharge in a hard rock terrain, South India","author":"Karunanidhi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Resour. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-019-8059-y","article-title":"Evaluation of non-carcinogenic risks due to fluoride and nitrate contaminations in a groundwater of an urban part (Coimbatore region) of south India","volume":"192","author":"Karunanidhi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110438","article-title":"Sobol sensitivity approach for the appraisal of geomedical health risks associated with oral intake and dermal pathways of groundwater fluoride in a semi-arid region of south India","volume":"194","author":"Karunanidhi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2019.01.005","article-title":"Hydrogeochemical characterization of groundwater in alluvial plains of River Yamuna in Northern India: an insight of controlling processes","volume":"31","author":"Kaur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of King Saud University-Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-018-0207-8","article-title":"Bioaccumulation of arsenic and fluoride in vegetables from growing media: health risk assessment among different age groups","volume":"41","author":"Kazi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Geochem. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0210","first-page":"68","article-title":"Investigation and analysis of drinking fluorosis in Weinan City","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Endemiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-010-0648-6","article-title":"Geochemical provenance and spatial distribution of fluoride in groundwater of Taiyuan basin, China","volume":"62","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Earth Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.03.288","article-title":"Accumulation and interaction of flfluoride and cadmium in the soil-wheat plant system from the wastewater irrigated soil of an oasis region in northwest China","volume":"595","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s12403-017-0258-6","article-title":"Seasonal hydrochemical characterization and groundwater quality delineation based on matter element extension analysis in a paper wastewater irrigation area, Northwest China","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exposure and Health"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-018-7968-3","article-title":"Groundwater quality assessment for domestic and agricultural purposes in Yan'an City, northwest China: implications to sustainable groundwater quality management on the Loess Plateau","volume":"77","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Earth Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1080\/07900627.2018.1443059","article-title":"Conjunctive use of groundwater and surface water to reduce soil salinization in the Yinchuan Plain, North-West China","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Water Resour. Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s12403-018-0278-x","article-title":"Occurrence and health implication of fluoride in groundwater of loess aquifer in the Chinese Loess Plateau: a case study of Tongchuan, Northwest China","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exposure and Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0245","series-title":"Study on Transference andTransform Simulation of Fluoride in Groundwater and Relation between Fluoride and Human Body Health in Dali Region, Guanzhong Basin","author":"Liu","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0250","series-title":"Study on the Rational Allocation of Water Resources in Jiaokou Irrigation District","author":"Liu","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2011.02.017","article-title":"Occurrence and fate of bulk organic matter and pharmaceutically active compounds in managed aquifer recharge: a review","volume":"45","author":"Maeng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2010.04.029","article-title":"Fluoride in drinking water and dental fluorosis","volume":"408","author":"Mandinic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0265","series-title":"Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Scientific Review of EPA\u2019s Standards","author":"National Research Council","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2012.01.003","article-title":"A new spatial multi-criteria decision support tool for site selection for implementation of managed aquifer recharge","volume":"99","author":"Rahman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2016.06.034","article-title":"Arsenic and heavy metal contaminations in the tube well water of Punjab, Pakistan and risk assessment: a case study","volume":"95","author":"Rasool","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecol. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2012.08.002","article-title":"Multivariate statistical analysis for fluoride occurrence in groundwater in the Northern region of Ghana","volume":"140\u2013141","author":"Salifu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.04.037","article-title":"Factors affecting fluoride and natural organic matter (NOM) removal from natural waters in Tanzania by nanofiltration\/reverse osmosis","volume":"527","author":"Shen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5077","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-6160-0","article-title":"National and sub-national drinking water fluoride concentrations and prevalence of fluorosis and of decayed, missed, and filled teeth in Iran from 1990 to 2015: a systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Taghipour","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0300","first-page":"134","article-title":"Problems and countermeasures in comprehensive development and utilization of groundwater in Jiaokou Irrigation District","volume":"5","author":"Tang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Shaanxi Water Resources"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gsd.2017.05.002","article-title":"Assessment of groundwater quality and associated health risks: a case study of Ranchi city, Jharkhand, India","volume":"5","author":"Tirkey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Groundw. Sustain. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0310","series-title":"Exposure Factors Handbook","author":"US EPA","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.06.065","article-title":"Evaluation of high fluoride contaminated fractured rock aquifer in South Africa\u2014geochemical and chemometric approaches","volume":"235","author":"Vetrimurugan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.01.088","article-title":"Multivariate statistical evaluation of dissolved trace elements and a water quality assessment in the middle reaches of Huaihe River, Anhui, China","volume":"583","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0325","first-page":"27","article-title":"Groundwater irrigation and management in northern China: status, trends, and challenges","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Water Resour. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0330","series-title":"Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality: Fourth Edition Incorporating the First Addendum","author":"WHO","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0335","series-title":"Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.09.322","article-title":"Characteristics, sources, water quality and health risk assessment of trace elements in river water and well water in the Chinese Loess Plateau","volume":"650","author":"Xiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16091492","article-title":"Hydrogeochemical characterization and irrigation quality assessment of shallow groundwater in the Central-Western Guanzhong Basin, China","volume":"16","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-019-8099-1","article-title":"Hydrochemistry and geothermometry of geothermal water in the central Guanzhong Basin, China: a case study in Xi'an","volume":"78","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Earth Sci."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-019-8418-6","article-title":"Characterization of geothermal water in the piedmont region of Qinling Mountains and Lantian-Bahe Group in Guanzhong Basin, China","volume":"78","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Earth Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0360","first-page":"333","article-title":"Safely buried depth for protection of groundwater from pollution of Cr and As at Jiaokou irrigation area in Shaanxi Province","volume":"24","author":"Yi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Agro-Environment Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.10.057","article-title":"Health risk assessment to fluoride in drinking water of rural residents living in the Poldasht city, Northwest of Iran","volume":"148","author":"Yousefi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.12.074","article-title":"Probabilistic risk assessment of Chinese residents' exposure to fluoride in improved drinking water in endemic fluorosis areas","volume":"222","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16214246","article-title":"Assessment of groundwater quality and human health risk (HHR) evaluation of nitrate in the Central-Western Guanzhong Basin, China","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0380","series-title":"Groundwater Quality Assessment Using Improved Water Quality Index (WQI) and Human Health Risks (HHR) Evaluation in a Semi-arid Region of Northwest China, Expo Health","author":"Zhang","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0385","first-page":"473","article-title":"Investigation and assessment on heavy metals pollution of agricultural soil in Guanzhong Irrigation District","volume":"41","author":"Zheng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Soil Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3390\/w11030539","article-title":"Interaction of surface water and groundwater influenced by groundwater over-extraction, waste water discharge and water transfer in Xiong\u2019an New Area, China","volume":"11","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Water"}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969720339826?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969720339826?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T10:53:44Z","timestamp":1758711224000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969720339826"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":78,"alternative-id":["S0048969720339826"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Hydrogeochemistry and fluoride contamination in Jiaokou Irrigation District, Central China: Assessment based on multivariate statistical approach and human health risk","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140460","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"140460"}}