{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:50:05Z","timestamp":1792630205021,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17DZ1203105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17DZ1203105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17DZ1203101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17DZ1203101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018568","name":"Special Fund Project for Science and Technology Innovation Strategy of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019B121205004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019B121205004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018568","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]],"date-time":"2020-07-16T02:00:04Z","timestamp":1594864804000},"page":"140885","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Protocol development for real-time ship fuel sulfur content determination using drone based plume sniffing microsensor system"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"744","author":[{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Anand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4512-3533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nirmal Kumar","family":"Gali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fenhuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dane","family":"Westerdahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dengguo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingyan","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunchang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anderson M.H.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Louie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian Leung","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8223-1501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhi","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140885_bb0005","unstructured":"Alphasense, 2013. Alphasense application note: interfering gases. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.alphasense.com\/."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140885_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.7b00620","article-title":"Amperometric gas sensors as a low cost emerging technology platform for air quality monitoring applications: a review","volume":"2","author":"Baron","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140885_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.08.007","article-title":"Source apportionment of PM2.5 in the harbour-industrial area of Brindisi (Italy): identification and estimation of the contribution of in-port ship emissions","volume":"497\u2013498","author":"Cesari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140885_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13611","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-19-13611-2019","article-title":"Surveillance of SO2 and NO2 from ship emissions by MAX-DOAS measurements and the implications regarding fuel sulfur content compliance","volume":"19","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140885_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2004.04.009","article-title":"Cost-effective control of SO2 emissions in Asia","volume":"72","author":"Cofala","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140885_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3817","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(03)00446-1","article-title":"Exhaust emissions from ships at berth","volume":"37","author":"Cooper","year":"2003","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140885_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2018.04.021","article-title":"Using statistical methods to carry out in field calibrations of low cost air quality sensors","volume":"267","author":"Cordero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sensors Actuators B Chem."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140885_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3575","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-10-3575-2017","article-title":"Use of electrochemical sensors for measurement of air pollution: correcting interference response and validating measurements","volume":"10","author":"Cross","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140885_bb0045","unstructured":"Dynament, 2020. Premier platinum infrared: triple range carbon dioxide sensor. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.dynament.com."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140885_bb0050","unstructured":"Explicit ApS, 2018. Airborne monitoring of Sulphur emissions from ships in Danish waters. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.explicit.dk."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140885_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4363","DOI":"10.3390\/s18124363","article-title":"Developing a modular unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platform for air pollution profiling","volume":"18","author":"Gu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140885_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2009.07.039","article-title":"Characterisation of single particles from in-port ship emissions","volume":"43","author":"Healy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140885_bb0065","unstructured":"HKEPD, 2018. Hong Kong air pollutant emission inventory - navigation. Retrieved May 9, 2020, from Environmental Protection Department. https:\/\/www.epd.gov.hk."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140885_bb0070","unstructured":"HKSAR, 2018. Vessels must use compliant fuel within Hong Kong waters from January 1, 2019. Retrieved November 27, 2019, from https:\/\/www.info.gov.hk."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140885_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2597","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-7-2597-2014","article-title":"Field test of available methods to measure remotely SOx and NOx emissions from ships","volume":"7","author":"L\u00f6\u00f6v","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech"},{"issue":"4160","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140885_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1126\/science.186.4160.259","article-title":"Sulfates as pollution particulates: catalytic formation on carbon (soot) particles","volume":"186","author":"Novakov","year":"1974","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140885_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2018.03.144","article-title":"The impacts of water vapour and co-pollutants on the performance of electrochemical gas sensors used for air quality monitoring","volume":"266","author":"Pang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sensors Actuators B Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140885_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02774-9","article-title":"Cleaner fuels for ships provide public health benefits with climate tradeoffs","volume":"9","author":"Sofiev","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140885_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/s17081916","article-title":"Development and evaluation of a novel and cost-effective approach for low-cost NO2 sensor drift correction","volume":"17","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sensors (Switzerland)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140885_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.17406040","article-title":"The effect of Sulphur dioxide exposure on indices of heart rate variability in normal and asthmatic adults","volume":"17","author":"Tunnicliffe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140885_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/s16122202","article-title":"Development and validation of a UAV based system for air pollution measurements","volume":"16","author":"Villa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sensors (Switzerland)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140885_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-12-691-2019","article-title":"Characterization of the particle emission from a ship operating at sea using an unmanned aerial vehicle","volume":"12","author":"Villa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmospheric Measurement Techniques"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140885_bb0115","unstructured":"W\u00e4rtsil\u00e4, 2018. W\u00e4rtsil\u00e4 encyclopedia of marine technology. Retrieved April 6, 2020, from https:\/\/www.wartsila.com."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140885_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3390\/s18020059","article-title":"Impact analysis of temperature and humidity conditions on electrochemical sensor response in ambient air quality monitoring","volume":"18","author":"Wei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140885_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2015.03.009","article-title":"Heterogeneity of passenger exposure to air pollutants in public transport microenvironments","volume":"109","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140885_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3641","DOI":"10.3390\/s120303641","article-title":"Comparison of the characteristics of small commercial NDIR CO2 sensor models and development of a portable CO2 measurement device","volume":"12","author":"Yasuda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sensors"}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969720344144?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969720344144?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T13:14:27Z","timestamp":1777468467000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969720344144"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["S0048969720344144"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140885","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Protocol development for real-time ship fuel sulfur content determination using drone based plume sniffing microsensor system","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140885","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"140885"}}