{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T12:10:11Z","timestamp":1758715811715,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000016","name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,25]],"date-time":"2020-12-25T01:25:32Z","timestamp":1608859532000},"page":"144251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A cost-effective plan for global testing - an infection rate stratified, algorithm guided, multiple-level, continuously pooled testing strategy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"765","author":[{"given":"Tianshu","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Carolyn","family":"Graff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald","family":"Thomason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lotfi","family":"Aleya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcello","family":"Maida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cong-Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Zangerl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sem","family":"Genini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kunal","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emanuel","family":"Goldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiafu","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrei V.","family":"Alexandrov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dianjun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weikuan","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongjun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144251_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2008457","article-title":"Presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections and transmission in a skilled nursing facility","volume":"382","author":"Arons","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144251_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2020-0978","article-title":"Frequency of serological non-responders and false-negative RT-PCR results in SARS-CoV-2 testing: a population-based study","volume":"58","author":"Baron","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144251_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30154-9","article-title":"A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster","volume":"395","author":"Chan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144251_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study","volume":"395","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144251_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e04405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04405","article-title":"A one-step, one-tube real-time RT-PCR based assay with an automated analysis for detection of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"6","author":"Dharavath","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144251_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104381","article-title":"Ad hoc laboratory-based surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 by real-time RT-PCR using minipools of RNA prepared from routine respiratory samples","volume":"127","author":"Eis-H\u00fcbinger","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144251_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.06.011","article-title":"The association of voter turnout with county-level coronavirus disease 2019 occurrence early in the pandemic","volume":"49","author":"Flanders","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144251_bb0045","article-title":"Evaluation of sample pooling for diagnosis of COVID-19 by real time PCR- a resource saving combat strategy","author":"Garg","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144251_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-1495","article-title":"Variation in false-negative rate of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction-based SARS-CoV-2 tests by time since exposure","volume":"173","author":"Kucirka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144251_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-019-1595-x","article-title":"Species-specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification [LAMP] assay for identification of tissue of cattle origin by targeting mitochondrial gene sequences","volume":"9","author":"Kumari","year":"2019","journal-title":"3 Biotech"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144251_bb0060","first-page":"30516","article-title":"Challenges and issues of SARS-CoV-2 pool testing","volume":"S1473\u20133099","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144251_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.12248","article-title":"COVID-19 and massive job losses will test the US health insurance safety net","volume":"324","author":"Levitt","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144251_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30362-5","article-title":"Pooling of samples for testing for SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic people","author":"Lohse","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144251_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m3585","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3585","article-title":"Operation moonshot: testing plan relies on technology that does not exist","volume":"370","author":"Mahase","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144251_bb0080","article-title":"Predictors of staying at home during the COVID-19 pandemic and social lockdown based on protection motivation theory: a cross-sectional study in Japan","volume":"8","author":"Okuhara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144251_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-020-00763-0","article-title":"Risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by aerosols, the rational use of masks, and protection of healthcare workers from COVID-19","volume":"9","author":"Sommerstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144251_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1080\/14737159.2020.1757437","article-title":"Real-time RT-PCR in COVID-19 detection: issues affecting the results","volume":"20","author":"Tahamtan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. Mol. Diagn."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144251_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.11.016","article-title":"Diagnostic test accuracy of the BioFire\u00ae FilmArray\u00ae meningitis\/encephalitis panel: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Tansarli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"author":"The New York Times","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144251_bb0100"},{"author":"The New York Times","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144251_bb0105"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144251_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25855","article-title":"False negative of RT-PCR and prolonged nucleic acid conversion in COVID-19: rather than recurrence","author":"Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144251_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa531","article-title":"Evaluation of COVID-19 RT-qPCR test in multi-sample pools","author":"Yelin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969720377822?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969720377822?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T11:31:54Z","timestamp":1758713514000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969720377822"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":22,"alternative-id":["S0048969720377822"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144251","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0048-9697"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A cost-effective plan for global testing - an infection rate stratified, algorithm guided, multiple-level, continuously pooled testing strategy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144251","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"144251"}}