{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:24:12Z","timestamp":1790357052729,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011395","name":"Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017ZX07202006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017ZX07202006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011395","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,10]],"date-time":"2021-01-10T22:30:00Z","timestamp":1610317800000},"page":"144272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Seasonal occurrence and source analysis of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in aquatic environment in a small and medium-sized city, China"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"769","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yizhe","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yitong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Sui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongjiong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(02)00769-5","article-title":"Pharmaceuticals in STP effluents and their solar photodegradation in aquatic environment","volume":"50","author":"Andreozzi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pce.2018.03.004","article-title":"Residual antibiotics, antibiotic resistant superbugs and antibiotic resistance genes in surface water catchments: public health impact","volume":"105","author":"Anthony","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Earth Parts A\/B\/C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.08.040","article-title":"Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the aquatic environment in China: a review","volume":"262","author":"Bu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1021\/es020125z","article-title":"Caffeine, an anthropogenic marker for wastewater contamination of surface waters","volume":"37","author":"Buerge","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0025","author":"China"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0030","series-title":"RIodsfs-mci. Annual Report on Development of Small and Medium-sized Cities in China (2018)","author":"China","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0035","series-title":"RIodsfs-mci. Research on the Scientific Development Index of Small and Medium-sized Cities in China (2018)","author":"China","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2014.08.056","article-title":"Occurrence and source apportionment of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the Beiyun River of Beijing, China","volume":"119","author":"Dai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1039\/C6EM00018E","article-title":"Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in urban and suburban rivers of Beijing, China: occurrence, source apportionment and potential ecological risk","volume":"18","author":"Dai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Sci Process Impacts"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2012.03.016","article-title":"Evaluating pharmaceuticals and caffeine as indicators of fecal contamination in drinking water sources of the Greater Montreal region","volume":"88","author":"Daneshvar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.04.014","article-title":"Occurrence, elimination, enantiomeric distribution and intra-day variations of chiral pharmaceuticals in major wastewater treatment plants in Beijing, China","volume":"239","author":"Duan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/00008571-200301000-00006","article-title":"Role of CYP2D6 in the stereoselective disposition of venlafaxine in humans","volume":"13","author":"Eap","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet. Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.10.077","article-title":"Determination and characterization of pharmaceuticals in sludge from municipal and livestock wastewater treatment plants","volume":"168","author":"Ekpeghere","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9244","DOI":"10.1021\/es047965t","article-title":"Use of the chiral pharmaceutical propranolol to identify sewage discharges into surface waters","volume":"39","author":"Fono","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2012.02.074","article-title":"Field and laboratory studies of the fate and enantiomeric enrichment of venlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine under aerobic and anaerobic conditions","volume":"88","author":"Gasser","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2009.09.002","article-title":"Removal of pharmaceuticals during wastewater treatment and environmental risk assessment using hazard indexes","volume":"36","author":"Gros","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.023","article-title":"Discharge of swine wastes risks water quality and food safety: antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes from swine sources to the receiving environments","volume":"92\u201393","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2010.11.028","article-title":"Occurrence, distribution and seasonal variation of antibiotics in the Huangpu River, Shanghai, China","volume":"82","author":"Jiang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4466","DOI":"10.1039\/c000408c","article-title":"Pharmacologically active compounds in the environment and their chirality","volume":"39","author":"Kasprzyk-Hordern","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.04.267","article-title":"Pharmaceutically active compounds in the Xiangjiang River, China: distribution pattern, source apportionment, and risk assessment","volume":"636","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105454","article-title":"Ecological risk assessment of fifty pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in Chinese surface waters: a proposed multiple-level system","volume":"136","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.03.053","article-title":"Characterization of pharmaceutically active compounds in Dongting Lake, China: occurrence, chiral profiling and environmental risk","volume":"557-558","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2016.05.030","article-title":"Characterization of pharmaceutically active compounds in Beijing, China: occurrence pattern, spatiotemporal distribution and its environmental implication","volume":"323","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2018.07.081","article-title":"Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the urban river across the megacity Shanghai: occurrence, source apportionment and a snapshot of influence of rainfall","volume":"359","author":"Mei","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2010.09.026","article-title":"Impacts of emerging organic contaminants on freshwater resources: review of recent occurrences, sources, fate and effects","volume":"408","author":"Pal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.03.010","article-title":"Enantiomeric fractionation as a tool for quantitative assessment of biodegradation: the case of metoprolol","volume":"95","author":"Souchier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3341","DOI":"10.1021\/es200248d","article-title":"Seasonal variation in the occurrence and removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in different biological wastewater treatment processes","volume":"45","author":"Sui","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2015.10.003","article-title":"Seasonal and spatial variations of PPCP occurrence, removal and mass loading in three wastewater treatment plants located in different urbanization areas in Xiamen, China","volume":"208","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.02.036","article-title":"PPCPs in Jiulong River estuary (China): spatiotemporal distributions, fate, and their use as chemical markers of wastewater","volume":"150","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2016.07.049","article-title":"Removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) from wastewater: a review","volume":"182","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2015.04.021","article-title":"Comprehensive evaluation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in typical highly urbanized regions across China","volume":"204","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0160","first-page":"341","article-title":"Spatial distribution characteristic of up-Stream river pollution in Lake Taihu Basin","volume":"21","author":"Xue","year":"2012","journal-title":"Resour. Environ. Yangtze Basin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5864","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-013-1641-x","article-title":"Occurrence and fate of PPCPs and correlations with water quality parameters in urban riverine waters of the Pearl River Delta, South China","volume":"20","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.02.040","article-title":"Spatiotemporal patterns and source attribution of nitrogen load in a river basin with complex pollution sources","volume":"94","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.011","article-title":"Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in global lakes: a review and meta-analysis","volume":"116","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.032","article-title":"Occurrence and indicators of pharmaceuticals in Chinese streams: a nationwide study","volume":"236","author":"Yao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0185","first-page":"1024","article-title":"Impact of land use on water quality along inflow rivers in Taihu Basin","volume":"33","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Agro-Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6772","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b00729","article-title":"Comprehensive evaluation of antibiotics emission and fate in the river basins of China: source analysis, multimedia modeling, and linkage to bacterial resistance","volume":"49","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.04.056","article-title":"Typical pharmaceuticals in major WWTPs in Beijing, China: occurrence, load pattern and calculation reliability","volume":"140","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.09.041","article-title":"Chiral pharmaceuticals: environment sources, potential human health impacts, remediation technologies and future perspective","volume":"121","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Int."}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969720378037?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969720378037?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T11:46:41Z","timestamp":1758714401000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969720378037"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0048969720378037"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Seasonal occurrence and source analysis of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in aquatic environment in a small and medium-sized city, China","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144272","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"144272"}}