{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T21:56:55Z","timestamp":1790373415576,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001409","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DST\/WTI\/2K16\/193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DST\/WTI\/2K16\/193"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,6]],"date-time":"2021-02-06T16:17:42Z","timestamp":1612628262000},"page":"145152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effect of earthworms in reduction and fate of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) during clinical laboratory wastewater treatment by vermifiltration"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"773","author":[{"given":"Sudipti","family":"Arora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sakshi","family":"Saraswat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankur","family":"Rajpal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harshita","family":"Shringi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rinki","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmine","family":"Sethi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayana","family":"Rajvanshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditi","family":"Nag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonika","family":"Saxena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.A.","family":"Kazmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S199844","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms related to colistin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"12","author":"Aghapour","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2014.05.041","article-title":"Antibacterial and enzymatic activity of microbial community during wastewater treatment by pilot scale vermifiltration system","author":"Arora","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arora S, Rajpal A, Kazmi AA. Antimicrobial Activity of Bacterial Community for Removal of Pathogens during Vermifiltration. J Environ Eng (United States) 2016. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1061\/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001080.","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001080"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0020","first-page":"1","article-title":"Design","volume":"21","author":"Arora","year":"2020","journal-title":"Performance Evaluation and Investigation of the Dynamic Mechanisms of Earthworm-Microorganisms Interactions for Wastewater Treatment Through Vermifiltration Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140186","article-title":"Survivor microbial populations in post-chlorinated wastewater are strongly associated with untreated hospital sewage and include ceftazidime and meropenem resistant populations","author":"Beattie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0030","series-title":"Bergey's Manual\u00ae of Systematic Bacteriology","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/816073","article-title":"Role of earthworms in soil fertility maintenance through the production of biogenic structures","author":"Bhadauria","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl Environ Soil Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0040","series-title":"Postoperative Neurosurgical Infections","author":"Bhimraj","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12426","article-title":"Systematic review: impact of point sources on antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the natural environment","author":"Bueno","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0050","article-title":"Safe management of wastes from health care activities","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0055","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; 27th edition. CLSI supplement M100. 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0060","series-title":"Environmental Standards for Ambient Air","author":"CPCB","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2010.523","article-title":"Vermifilters: a tool for aerobic biological treatment of herbal pharmaceutical wastewater","author":"Dhadse","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01846.x","article-title":"Phenotypic detection of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase production in Enterobacteriaceae: review and bench guide","author":"Drieux","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0075","article-title":"The contribution of wastewater to the transmission of antimicrobial resistance in the environment: implications of mass gathering settings","volume":"5","author":"Fouz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2020.123228","article-title":"A review of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs), antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment: increasing removal with wetlands and reducing environmental impacts","author":"Garc\u00eda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0085","unstructured":"Ghatnekar et al. 2010. Application of Vermi-filter-based Effluent Treatment Plant (Pilot scale) for Biomanagement of Liquid Effluents from the Gelatine Industry. Dyn Soil, Dyn Plant 2010."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5812\/ajehe-7585","article-title":"Performance of a pilot-scale vermifilter for the treatment of a real hospital wastewater","author":"Ghobadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Avicenna J Environ Heal Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0095","article-title":"Effects of earthworms on the fate of tetracycline and fluoroquinolone resistance genes of sewage sludge during vermicomposting","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0100","first-page":"1","article-title":"Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test protocol author information","author":"Hudzicki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am Soc Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/414356","article-title":"The role of earthworms in tropics with emphasis on Indian ecosystems","author":"Kale","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl Environ Soil Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khyade VB. Bacterial diversity in the alimentary canal of earthworms. J Bacteriol Mycol Open Access 2018. doi:10.15406\/jbmoa.2018.06.00200.","DOI":"10.15406\/jbmoa.2018.06.00200"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krarup J, Jakob S, Nielsen U, Stefan Z. New standard for hospital wastewater treatment. Filtr + Sep 2015. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0015-1882(15)30141-5.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-1882(15)30141-5"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar A, Kaushik P, Anjay, Kumar P, Kumar M. Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin and nasal carriage isolates from bovines and its antibiogram. Vet World 2017. doi:10.14202\/vetworld.2017.593-597.","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2017.593-597"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.12.065","article-title":"Antibiotics bioremediation: perspectives on its ecotoxicity and resistance","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0103705","article-title":"Abundances of tetracycline, sulphonamide and beta-lactam antibiotic resistance genes in conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with different waste load","volume":"9","author":"Laht","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.40310.x","article-title":"Pyogenic liver abscess with a focus on Klebsiella pneumoniae as a primary pathogen: an emerging disease with unique clinical characteristics","author":"Lederman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0140","first-page":"25","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Profiling of Microbial Community Diversity in Vermifiltration of Different Earthworm Abundances by PCR-DGGE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.07.057","article-title":"Effect of temperature on sulfonamide antibiotics degradation, and on antibiotic resistance determinants and hosts in animal manures","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0150","article-title":"Long-term low DO enriches and shifts nitrifier community in activated sludge","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0155","article-title":"Effect of earthworms on the performance and microbial communities of excess sludge treatment process in vermifilter","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0160","unstructured":"Momeni M. Hospital wastewater treatment scenario around the globe 2020; 21:1\u20139."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-012-0385-z","article-title":"Earthworms highly increase ciprofloxacin mineralization in soils","author":"Mougin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.11188","article-title":"Antibiotic susceptibility and mecA frequency in Staphylococcus epidermidis, isolated from intensive care unit patients","author":"Najar-Peerayeh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Jundishapur J Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"080","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2727.86838","article-title":"Prevalence of bla CTX M extended spectrum beta lactamase gene in Enterobacteriaceae from critical care patients","volume":"3","author":"Priyadharsini","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Lab Physicians"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0031","article-title":"Lateral genetic transfer: open issues","volume":"364","author":"Ragan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12597","article-title":"Innate immunity in vertebrates: an overview","author":"Riera Romo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3582","DOI":"10.1080\/19443994.2014.923206","article-title":"The effects of antibiotics on the biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance gene transfer","volume":"54","author":"Salcedo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Desalin. Water Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.06.075","article-title":"Vermifiltration as a sustainable natural treatment technology for the treatment and reuse of wastewater: a review","volume":"247","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10669-008-9162-8","article-title":"Sewage treatment by vermifiltration with synchronous treatment of sludge by earthworms: a low-cost sustainable technology over conventional systems with potential for decentralization","author":"Sinha","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environmentalist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0205","article-title":"Ecological role of earthworm intestinal bacteria in terrestrial environments: a review","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.589","article-title":"A closer look at the antibiotic-resistant bacterial community found in urban wastewater treatment systems","author":"Tehrani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiologyopen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2019.121575","article-title":"Microbial community evolution and fate of antibiotic resistance genes along six different full-scale municipal wastewater treatment processes","author":"Tong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024999206117","article-title":"An antimicrobial peptide of the earthworm Pheretima tschiliensis: cDNA cloning, expression and immunolocalization","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2011.08.035","article-title":"Performance and mechanisms of a microbial-earthworm ecofilter for removing organic matter and nitrogen from synthetic domestic wastewater","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-016-3138-y","article-title":"Earthworm (Eisenia fetida) eco-physiological characteristics in vermifiltration system for wastewater treatment through analyzing differential proteins","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140997","article-title":"Occurrence and fate of antibiotics, antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in municipal wastewater treatment plant: an overview","volume":"744","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.05.099","article-title":"Effect of earthworms on the biochemical characterization of biofilms in vermifiltration treatment of excess sludge","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969721002187?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969721002187?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T03:23:07Z","timestamp":1762226587000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969721002187"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S0048969721002187"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.10.01.321885","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effect of earthworms in reduction and fate of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) during clinical laboratory wastewater treatment by vermifiltration","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145152","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"145152"}}