{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T20:41:45Z","timestamp":1784580105815,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T05:37:43Z","timestamp":1616045863000},"page":"146389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":363,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Urban heat island (UHI) intensity and magnitude estimations: A systematic literature review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"779","author":[{"given":"Se Woong","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert D.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3846\/13923730.2015.1111934","article-title":"Local climate change and urban heat island mitigation techniques \u2013 the state of the art","volume":"22","author":"Akbari","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Civ. Eng. Manag."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/su6107013","article-title":"Evaluating mitigation effects of urban Heat Islands in a historical small center with the ENVI-met\u00ae climate model","volume":"6","author":"Ambrosini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002313","article-title":"Heat waves in the United States: mortality risk during heat waves and effect modification by heat wave characteristics in 43 U.S. communities","volume":"119","author":"Anderson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0020","series-title":"The surface climates of Canada: McGill-Queen\u2019s University Press","author":"Bailey","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2015.08.031","article-title":"Radiative properties of the urban fabric derived from surface form analysis: a simplified solar balance model","volume":"122","author":"Bernab\u00e9","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sol. Energy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2005.09.097","article-title":"A canopy layer model and its application to Rome","volume":"364","author":"Bonacquisti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0035","series-title":"Systematic Approaches to a Successful Literature Review","author":"Booth","year":"2016"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11303","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b03127","article-title":"A heat vulnerability index and adaptation solutions for Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","volume":"49","author":"Bradford","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s10652-013-9309-0","article-title":"Numerical study of the urban geometrical representation impact in a surface energy budget model","volume":"15","author":"Cantelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2014.09.053","article-title":"A multi-method and multi-scale approach for estimating city-wide anthropogenic heat fluxes","volume":"99","author":"Chow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2014.02.019","article-title":"How factors of land use\/land cover, building configuration, and adjacent heat sources and sinks explain urban Heat Islands in Chicago","volume":"125","author":"Coseo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2019.100482","article-title":"Future urban climate projection in a tropical megacity based on global climate change and local urbanization scenarios","volume":"29","author":"Darmanto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Urban Clim."},{"issue":"704","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.3028","article-title":"Impact of urban canopy models and external parameters on the modelled urban energy balance in a tropical city","volume":"143","author":"Demuzere","year":"2017","journal-title":"Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1175\/JAMC-D-17-0099.1","article-title":"Temporal variability of the Charlotte (sub)urban Heat Island","volume":"57","author":"Eastin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0075","article-title":"Horizontal extent of the urban heat dome flow","volume":"7","author":"Fan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2017.10.015","article-title":"A comprehensive approach for the simulation of the urban Heat Island effect with the WRF\/SLUCM modeling system: the case of Athens (Greece)","volume":"201","author":"Giannaros","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2012.06.006","article-title":"Study of the urban heat island in a coastal Mediterranean City: the case study of Thessaloniki, Greece","volume":"118","author":"Giannaros","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2007.10.003","article-title":"Lowering the outdoor temperature in high-rise high-density residential developments of coastal Hong Kong: the vegetation influence","volume":"43","author":"Giridharan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.3589","article-title":"Modelling the impact of urbanisation on regional climate in the greater London area","volume":"33","author":"Grawe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Climatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/0957-1272(91)90003-W","article-title":"An objective urban heat storage model and its comparison with other schemes. Atmospheric Environment","volume":"25","author":"Grimmond","year":"1991","journal-title":"Part B. Urban Atmosphere"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s10546-012-9786-6","article-title":"Urban morphology influence on urban albedo: a revisit with the Solene model","volume":"147","author":"Groleau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bound.-Layer Meteorol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2017.09.001","article-title":"Urban heat island intensity and spatial variability by synoptic weather type in the northeast U.S","volume":"24","author":"Hardin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Urban Clim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0115","article-title":"An evaluation of thermal earth observation for characterizing urban heatwave event dynamics using the urban heat island intensity metric","volume":"3","author":"Holderness","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0120","series-title":"The Climate of London Deduced From Meteorological Observations Made in the Metropolis and at Various Places Around it","first-page":"1833","author":"Howard","year":"1833"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2017.10.004","article-title":"Sensitivity analysis of physical parameterizations in WRF for urban climate simulations and heat island mitigation in Montreal","volume":"24","author":"Jandaghian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Urban Clim."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2011.06.014","article-title":"Identification and analysis of urban surface temperature patterns in greater Athens, Greece, using MODIS imagery","volume":"115","author":"Keramitsoglou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2019.05.016","article-title":"Transformation of urban heat island in the three-center city of Seoul, South Korea: the role of master plans","volume":"86","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2017.10.023","article-title":"Temporal and spatial variability of urban heat island by geographical location: a case study of Ulsan, Korea","volume":"126","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-004-0070-7","article-title":"Daily maximum urban heat island intensity in large cities of Korea","volume":"79","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Climatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2012.01.009","article-title":"The surface heat island of Rotterdam and its relationship with urban surface characteristics","volume":"64","author":"Klok","year":"2012","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2017.08.009","article-title":"Evaluating urban heat island in the critical local climate zones of an Indian city","volume":"169","author":"Kotharkar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.02.062","article-title":"A study of the hourly variability of the urban heat island effect in the greater Athens area during summer","volume":"517","author":"Kourtidis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.2151\/jmsj.82.67","article-title":"Coupling a single-layer urban canopy model with a simple atmospheric model: impact on urban Heat Island simulation for an idealized case","volume":"82","author":"Kusaka","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan Ser. II"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2015.11.008","article-title":"Assessing the current and future urban heat island of Brussels","volume":"15","author":"Lauwaet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Urban Clim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.11.360","article-title":"A new method to quantify surface urban heat island intensity","volume":"624","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.10.025","article-title":"Quantifying urban heat island intensity and its physical mechanism using WRF\/UCM","volume":"650","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"29","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2006.04.055","article-title":"Recent progress in CFD modelling of wind field and pollutant transport in street canyons","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2018.01.035","article-title":"A zonal model for assessing street canyon air temperature of high-density cities","volume":"132","author":"Liang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.10.433","article-title":"Generating hourly local weather data with high spatially resolution and the applications in bioclimatic performance","volume":"653","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2017.09.024","article-title":"Effects of urban planning indicators on urban heat island: a case study of pocket parks in high-rise high-density environment","volume":"168","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2017.03.013","article-title":"Analysis of local-scale urban heat island characteristics using an integrated method of mobile measurement and GIS-based spatial interpolation","volume":"117","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2016.12.018","article-title":"An integrated local climatic evaluation system for green sustainable eco-city construction: a case study in Shenzhen, China","volume":"114","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2008.08.021","article-title":"Climate change and extreme heat events","volume":"35","author":"Luber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-005-0142-3","article-title":"Urban surface modeling and the meso-scale impact of cities","volume":"84","author":"Masson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Climatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2017.07.013","article-title":"Investigating spatial and seasonal variations of urban heat island effect over Jaipur city and its relationship with vegetation, urbanization and elevation parameters","volume":"35","author":"Mathew","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2009.07.006","article-title":"An investigation of urban heat island intensity (UHII) as an indicator of urban heating","volume":"94","author":"Memon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.2408","article-title":"Land cover, climate, and the summer surface energy balance in Phoenix, AZ, and Portland, OR","volume":"32","author":"Middel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Climatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2016.03.005","article-title":"Effect of vegetation and waterbody on the garden city concept: an evaluation study using a newly developed city, Putrajaya, Malaysia","volume":"58","author":"Morris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comput. Environ. Urban. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2017.09.007","article-title":"THIS \u2013 tool for Heat Island simulation: a GIS extension model to calculate urban heat island intensity based on urban geometry","volume":"67","author":"Nakata-Osaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Environ. Urban. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2015.03.002","article-title":"CFD simulation of an idealized urban environment: thermal effects of geometrical characteristics and surface materials","volume":"12","author":"Nazarian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Urban Clim."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(1977)016<0011:TEBOAU>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The energy balance of an urban canyon","volume":"16","author":"Nunez","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-6981(73)90140-6","article-title":"City size and the urban heat island","volume":"7","author":"Oke","year":"1973","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment (1967)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1080\/00046973.1976.9648422","article-title":"The distinction between canopy and boundary-layer urban heat islands","volume":"14","author":"Oke","year":"1976","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0270","series-title":"Boundary Layer Climates","volume":"1987","author":"Oke","year":"1987"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-7788(88)90026-6","article-title":"Street design and urban canopy layer climate","volume":"11","author":"Oke","year":"1988","journal-title":"Energy and Buildings"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1177\/030913338801200401","article-title":"The urban energy balance","volume":"12","author":"Oke","year":"1988","journal-title":"Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02184771","article-title":"Comparison of urban\/rural counter and net radiation at night","volume":"2","author":"Oke","year":"1972","journal-title":"Bound.-Layer Meteorol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0290","series-title":"Urban Climates: Cambridge University Press","author":"Oke","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2014.03.037","article-title":"Multi-temporal trajectory of the urban heat island centroid in Beijing, China based on a Gaussian volume model","volume":"149","author":"Quan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2008.05.002","article-title":"Urban heat island monitoring and analysis using a non-parametric model: a case study of Indianapolis","volume":"64","author":"Rajasekar","year":"2009","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0305","series-title":"Handbook of Environmental Fluid Dynamics","first-page":"2013","article-title":"Urban heat islands","volume":"Vol. 2","author":"Roth","year":"2013"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/sjtg.12003","article-title":"A historical review and assessment of urban heat island research in Singapore","volume":"33","author":"Roth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Singap. J. Trop. Geogr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1175\/JAMC-D-11-098.1","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of factors contributing to urban Heat Island intensity","volume":"51","author":"Ryu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2018.12.024","article-title":"Climatic performance of urban textures: analysis tools for a Mediterranean urban context","volume":"185","author":"Salvati","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy and Buildings"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2014.07.022","article-title":"On the energy impact of urban heat island and global warming on buildings","volume":"82","author":"Santamouris","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energy and Buildings"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0330","series-title":"Minimizing Energy Consumption, Energy Poverty and Global and Local Climate Change in the Built Environment: Innovating to Zero","author":"Santamouris","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2015.02.001","article-title":"Local urban warming, possible impacts and a resilience plan to climate change for the historical center of Athens, Greece","volume":"19","author":"Santamouris","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.09.009","article-title":"Comparison of the urban heat island intensity quantified by using air temperature and Landsat land surface temperature in Hangzhou, China","volume":"72","author":"Sheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2018.12.005","article-title":"Evaluating the spatial distribution and the intensity of urban heat island using remote sensing, case study of Isfahan city in Iran","volume":"45","author":"Shirani-bidabadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sustainable Cities and Society"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901879","article-title":"Urban form and extreme heat events: are sprawling cities more vulnerable to climate change than compact cities?","volume":"118","author":"Stone","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7780","DOI":"10.1021\/es304352e","article-title":"Climate change adaptation through urban heat management in Atlanta, Georgia","volume":"47","author":"Stone","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2017.12.004","article-title":"Examining urban thermal environment dynamics and relations to biophysical composition and configuration and socio-economic factors: a case study of the Shanghai metropolitan region","volume":"40","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2017.02.007","article-title":"A neighbourhood-scale estimate for the cooling potential of green roofs","volume":"20","author":"Suter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Urban Clim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2014.12.004","article-title":"The impact of urbanization and the urban heat island effect on day to day temperature variation","volume":"12","author":"Tam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Urban Clim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2016.08.016","article-title":"The influence of increasing tree cover on mean radiant temperature across a mixed development suburb in Adelaide, Australia","volume":"20","author":"Thom","year":"2016","journal-title":"Urban For. Urban Green."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-019-00834-7","article-title":"The effect of urban 2D and 3D morphology on air temperature in residential neighborhoods","volume":"34","author":"Tian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Landsc. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2015.03.005","article-title":"Characterizing urban heat island in Montreal (Canada)\u2014effect of urban morphology","volume":"19","author":"Touchaei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2017.09.012","article-title":"Authentication schemes and methods: a systematic literature review","volume":"94","author":"Vel\u00e1squez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2016.10.038","article-title":"Urban geometry and environmental urban policy development","volume":"169","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Procedia Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.03.050","article-title":"Temporal and spatial variation relationship and influence factors on surface urban heat island and ozone pollution in the Yangtze River Delta, China","volume":"631-632","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2017.06.018","article-title":"Urban morphology detection and computation for urban climate research","volume":"167","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2009.05.010","article-title":"Summertime heat island intensities in three high-rise housing quarters in inner-city Shanghai China: building layout, density and greenery","volume":"45","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2010.10.010","article-title":"Urban design to lower summertime outdoor temperatures: an empirical study on high-rise housing in Shanghai","volume":"46","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s10546-013-9842-x","article-title":"Development of a three-dimensional urban energy model for predicting and understanding surface temperature distribution","volume":"149","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bound.-Layer Meteorol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-009-1154-8","article-title":"Temporal and spatial characteristics of the urban heat island during rapid urbanization in Shanghai, China","volume":"169","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.02.074","article-title":"Remote sensing of the urban heat island effect in a highly populated urban agglomeration area in East China","volume":"628-629","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.04.091","article-title":"Impact of urbanization-related land use land cover changes and urban morphology changes on the urban heat island phenomenon","volume":"635","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969721014571?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969721014571?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T10:15:12Z","timestamp":1732616112000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969721014571"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"references-count":87,"alternative-id":["S0048969721014571"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Urban heat island (UHI) intensity and magnitude estimations: A systematic literature review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146389","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"146389"}}