{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T15:34:34Z","timestamp":1791473674838,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,8]],"date-time":"2022-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651968000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":249,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000139","name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R835633"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R835633"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]],"date-time":"2021-05-04T11:30:53Z","timestamp":1620127853000},"page":"147498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Identifying the K-12 classrooms' indoor air quality factors that affect student academic performance"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"786","author":[{"given":"Adel","family":"Kabirikopaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josephine","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayden","family":"Nord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jim","family":"Bovaird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147498_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2010.11.052","article-title":"Children exposure to atmospheric particles in indoor of Lisbon primary schools","volume":"45","author":"Almeida","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147498_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2011.08.018","article-title":"Ventilation rates in schools and pupils\u2019 performance","volume":"48","author":"Bak\u00f3-bir\u00f3","year":"2012","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147498_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2019.04.038","article-title":"Seasonal variations of indoor air quality and thermal conditions and their correlations in 220 classrooms in the Midwestern United States","volume":"157","author":"Deng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147498_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2013.08.054","article-title":"Ozone removal by occupants in a classroom","volume":"81","author":"Fischer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147498_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12403","article-title":"The ventilation problem in schools: literature review","volume":"27","author":"Fisk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147498_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12183","article-title":"Classroom carbon dioxide concentration, school attendance, and educational attainment","volume":"84","author":"Gaihre","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Sch. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147498_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2014.01.015","article-title":"Ventilation system type, classroom environmental quality and pupils\u2019 perceptions and symptoms","volume":"75","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147498_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0668.2010.00686.x","article-title":"Association between substandard classroom ventilation rates and students\u2019 academic achievement","volume":"21","author":"Haverinen-Shaughnessy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147498_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2015.03.006","article-title":"An assessment of indoor environmental quality in schools and its association with health and performance","volume":"93","author":"Haverinen-Shaughnessy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147498_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2018.03.040","article-title":"Indoor air quality in classrooms: environmental measures and e ff ective ventilation rate modeling in urban elementary schools","volume":"136","author":"Johnson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147498_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2020.107003","article-title":"Uncertainty analysis of various CO2-based tracer-gas methods for estimating seasonal ventilation rates in classrooms with different mechanical systems","volume":"179","author":"Kabirikopaei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147498_bb0065","series-title":"AEI 2019","first-page":"257","article-title":"The effects of indoor environmental factors on students\u2019 academic achievement","author":"Kabirikopaei","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147498_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12154","article-title":"Building-related health symptoms and classroom indoor air quality: a survey of school teachers in New York State","volume":"25","author":"Kielb","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147498_bb0075","series-title":"The 16th Conference of the International Society of Indoor Air Quality & Climate (Indoor Air 2020)","article-title":"Associating different indoor air contaminant levels with various ventilation systems in K-12 classrooms","author":"Lau","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147498_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12237","article-title":"Indoor air quality in Portuguese schools: levels and sources of pollutants","volume":"26","author":"Madureira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147498_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.12.012","article-title":"Indoor air quality in inner-city schools and its associations with building characteristics and environmental factors","volume":"170","author":"Majd","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147498_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0668.2004.00320.x","article-title":"Do indoor pollutants and thermal conditions in schools influence student performance? A critical review of the literature","volume":"15","author":"Mendell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147498_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12241","article-title":"Do classroom ventilation rates in California elementary schools influence standardized test scores? Results from a prospective study","volume":"26","author":"Mendell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147498_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2012.09.006","article-title":"Particulate matter and student exposure in school classrooms in Lublin, Poland","volume":"120","author":"Polednik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147498_bb0105","unstructured":"R Core Team, n.d. R: {{A Language}} and {{Environment}} for {{Statistical Computing}}."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147498_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4789356","article-title":"Relationships between unoccupied classroom acoustical conditions and elementary student achievement measured in eastern Nebraska","volume":"133","author":"Ronsse","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147498_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosseel, Y., n.d. Lavaan: {{An R}} Package for Structural Equation Modeling 48, 1\u201336. doi:10.18637\/jss.v048.i02.","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i02"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147498_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0668.2004.00251.x","article-title":"Associations between classroom CO2 concentrations and student attendance in Washington and Idaho","volume":"14","author":"Shendell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147498_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeem.2014.11.002","article-title":"Indoor air quality and academic performance","volume":"70","author":"Stafford","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Environ. Econ. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147498_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2015.05.017","article-title":"Association between classroom ventilation mode and learning outcome in Danish schools","volume":"92","author":"Toftum","year":"2015","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147498_bb0135","first-page":"114","article-title":"Building characteristics, indoor environmental quality, and mathematics achievement in Finnish elementary schools","volume":"104","author":"Toyinbo","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147498_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0668.2012.00774.x","article-title":"Effect of classroom air quality on students \u00d5 concentration: results of a cluster-randomized cross-over experimental study","volume":"22","author":"Twardella","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147498_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2012.10.007","article-title":"Providing better thermal and air quality conditions in school classrooms would be","volume":"59","author":"Wargocki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147498_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2016.11.020","article-title":"Ten questions concerning thermal and indoor air quality effects on the performance of office work and schoolwork","volume":"112","author":"Wargocki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147498_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1080\/10789669.2008.10391012","article-title":"The effects of electrostatic particle filtration and supply-air filter condition in classrooms on the performance of schoolwork by children (RP-1257)","volume":"14","author":"Wargocki","year":"2008","journal-title":"HVAC R Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147498_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2020.106749","article-title":"The relationships between classroom air quality and children\u2019s performance in school","volume":"173","author":"Wargocki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147498_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4109","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18084109","article-title":"The synergistic effect of PM2.5 and CO2 concentrations on occupant satisfaction and work productivity in a meeting room","volume":"18","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969721025699?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969721025699?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T12:33:21Z","timestamp":1758717201000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969721025699"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["S0048969721025699"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147498","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Identifying the K-12 classrooms' indoor air quality factors that affect student academic performance","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147498","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"147498"}}