{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T09:36:19Z","timestamp":1787650579881,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010416","name":"Rollins School of Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]],"date-time":"2021-10-19T09:22:30Z","timestamp":1634635350000},"page":"151047","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"special_numbering":"P3","title":["A sensitive, simple, and low-cost method for COVID-19 wastewater surveillance at an institutional level"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"807","author":[{"given":"Pengbo","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Ibaraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"VanTassell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Geith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Cavallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Kann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizheng","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine L.","family":"Moe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140071","article-title":"Interlaboratory accuracy and precision among results of three sewage-associated marker genes in urban environmental estuarine waters and freshwater streams","volume":"741","author":"Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.11.4.385-388.1980","article-title":"Use of Moore swabs for isolating Vibrio cholerae from sewage","volume":"11","author":"Barrett","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2005.01.008","article-title":"Real time RT-PCR for the detection and quantitation of bovine respiratory syncytial virus","volume":"125","author":"Boxus","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001159","article-title":"Incidence and tracking of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a major produce production region in California","volume":"2","author":"Cooley","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2919","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.5.2919-2927.2003","article-title":"Environmental surveillance system to track wild poliovirus transmission","volume":"69","author":"Deshpande","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146749","article-title":"Implementing building-level SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance on a university campus","volume":"782","author":"Gibas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001191","article-title":"First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States","volume":"382","author":"Holshue","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026881000316X","article-title":"Role of environmental poliovirus surveillance in global polio eradication and beyond","volume":"140","author":"Hovi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2012.107","article-title":"Evaluation of sampling methods for monitoring effluent phosphorus for on-site wastewater treatment systems","volume":"65","author":"Johannessen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1007\/s10729-020-09525-1","article-title":"Aligning SARS-CoV-2 indicators via an epidemic model: application to hospital admissions and RNA detection in sewage sludge","volume":"24","author":"Kaplan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Care Manag. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00045","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00045-21","article-title":"High-throughput wastewater SARS-CoV-2 detection enables forecasting of community infection dynamics in San Diego County","volume":"6","author":"Karthikeyan","year":"2021","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.47.1.72","article-title":"Poliomyelitis and other enteric viruses in sewage","volume":"47","author":"Kelly","year":"1957","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health Nations Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2011.11.007","article-title":"Hollow-fiber ultrafiltration for simultaneous recovery of viruses, bacteria and parasites from reclaimed water","volume":"88","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047_bb0070","article-title":"Development of Moore swab and ultrafiltration concentration and detection methods for Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A in wastewater and application in Kolkata, India and Dhaka,Bangladesh","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2608.201246","article-title":"US CDC real-time reverse transcription PCR panel for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2","volume":"26","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S90","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy638","article-title":"A review of the mostcommonly used methods for sample collection in environmental surveillance of poliovirus","volume":"67","author":"Matrajt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coesh.2020.09.006","article-title":"Implementation of environmental surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 virus to support public health decisions: opportunities and challenges","volume":"17","author":"Medema","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Environ. Sci. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.10.005","article-title":"Virus recovering from strawberries: evaluation of a skimmed milk organic flocculation method for assessment of microbiological contamination","volume":"217","author":"Melgaco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112393","article-title":"Cholera on Guam, 1974: epidemiologic findings and isolation of non-toxinogenic strains","volume":"105","author":"Merson","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000180","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.10.2000180","article-title":"Estimating the asymptomatic proportion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases on board the Diamond Princess cruise ship, Yokohama, Japan, 2020","volume":"25","author":"Mizumoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03575-14","article-title":"Environmental surveillance of poliovirus in sewage water around the introduction period for inactivated polio vaccine in Japan","volume":"81","author":"Nakamura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4280-6","article-title":"Detection and characterization of polioviruses originating from urban sewage in Yaounde and Douala, Cameroon 2016\u20132017","volume":"12","author":"Njile","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Res. Notes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113621","article-title":"Metropolitan wastewater analysis for COVID-19 epidemiological surveillance","volume":"230","author":"Randazzo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139741","article-title":"Testing urban wastewater to assess compliance with prescription data through wastewater-based epidemiology: first case study in Italy","volume":"739","author":"Riva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047_bb0125","first-page":"25","article-title":"Isolation of apparently wild strains of poliovirus type 1 from sewage in the Ottawa area","volume":"116","author":"Sattar","year":"1977","journal-title":"Can. Med. Assoc. J."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00060","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00060-20","article-title":"Reviving the \u201cMoore Swab\u201d: a classic environmental surveillance tool involving filtration of flowing surface water and sewage water to recover typhoidal Salmonella bacteria","volume":"86","author":"Sikorski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/168.5.1169","article-title":"Safety, immunogenicity, and transmissibility of single-dose live oral cholera vaccine strain CVD 103-HgR in 24- to 59-month-old Indonesian children","volume":"168","author":"Simanjuntak","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01560","article-title":"Concurrent detection of human norovirus and bacterial pathogens in water samples from an agricultural region in Central California coast","volume":"8","author":"Tian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30185-9","article-title":"A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern","volume":"395","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047_bb0150","first-page":"1843","article-title":"Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in different types of clinical specimens","volume":"323","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100391","article-title":"Designing a typhoid environmental surveillance study: a simulation model for optimum sampling site allocation","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epidemics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00614","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00614-20","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 titers in wastewater are higher than expected from clinically confirmed cases","volume":"5","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.02.055","article-title":"Evidence for gastrointestinal infection of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"158","author":"Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0817-4","article-title":"Characteristics of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential evidence for persistent fecal viral shedding","volume":"26","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/6.2.169","article-title":"Comparison of poliovirus detection in sewage and stool samples; a study in a creche in the third week after vaccination","volume":"6","author":"Zdrazilek","year":"1977","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1729071","article-title":"Molecular and serological investigation of 2019-nCoV infected patients: implication of multiple shedding routes","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140445","article-title":"Potential spreading risks and disinfection challenges of medical wastewater by the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral RNA in septic tanks of Fangcang Hospital","volume":"741","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969721061258?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969721061258?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T13:30:44Z","timestamp":1758720644000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969721061258"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S0048969721061258"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.12.01.20238006","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A sensitive, simple, and low-cost method for COVID-19 wastewater surveillance at an institutional level","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151047","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"151047"}}