{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T18:05:08Z","timestamp":1791396308231,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007482","name":"Arizona State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007482","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]],"date-time":"2021-12-28T12:21:05Z","timestamp":1640694065000},"page":"152504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Systematic and state-of the science review of the role of environmental factors in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) or Lou Gehrig's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"817","author":[{"given":"Melanie Engstrom","family":"Newell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangeet","family":"Adhikari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolf U.","family":"Halden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2019.1683379","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease and Parkinson\u2019s disease: a nutritional toxicology perspective of the impact of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, nutrigenomics and environmental chemicals","volume":"39","author":"Agnihotri","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Nutr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.4274\/tnd.2020.45549","article-title":"Epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"26","author":"Aktekin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Turk Noroloji Dergisi"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000381","article-title":"Mapping the human exposome: without it, how can we find environmental risk factors for ALS?","volume":"26","author":"Al-Chalabi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2010.207464","article-title":"An estimate of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis heritability using twin data","volume":"81","author":"Al-Chalabi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/739746","article-title":"Acute \u03b2\u2014N-Methylamino-l-alanine toxicity in a mouse model","author":"Al-Sammak","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Toxicol."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1159\/000453359","article-title":"Environmental and occupational exposures and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in New England","volume":"17","author":"Andrew","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurodegener. Dis."},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2020.1753777","article-title":"Keratinous biomarker of mercury exposure associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis risk in a nationwide U.S. study","volume":"21","author":"Andrew","year":"2020","journal-title":"Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Frontotemp. Degen."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-017-0227-9","article-title":"Preconditioning, induced by sub-toxic dose of the neurotoxin L-BMAA, delays ALS progression in mice and prevents Na+\/Ca2+ exchanger 3 downregulation","volume":"9","author":"Anzilotti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12408","article-title":"Projected increase in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis from 2015 to 2040","volume":"7","author":"Arthur","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-017-0144-1","article-title":"Evaluating a gene-environment interaction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: methylmercury exposure and mutated SOD1","volume":"4","author":"Bailey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Environ. Health Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-017-9745-6","article-title":"Creating a simian model of Guam ALS\/PDC which reflects chamorro lifetime BMAA exposures","volume":"33","author":"Banack","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurotox. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.11.007","article-title":"Lead exposure stimulates VEGF expression in the spinal cord and extends survival in a mouse model of ALS","volume":"37","author":"Barbeito","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3109\/17482960903268700","article-title":"The discovery of BMAA, and examples of biomagnification and protein incorporation involving other non-protein amino acids","volume":"10","author":"Bell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Amyotroph. Lateral Scler."},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.3109\/17482960802382313","article-title":"An exploratory case-control study on spinal and bulbar forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the province of Rome","volume":"10","author":"Binazzi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Amyotroph. Lateral Scler."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20589","article-title":"Developmental neurotoxicology","volume":"81","author":"Bondy","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2011.07.002","article-title":"Contribution of geolocalisation to neuroepidemiological studies: incidence of ALS and environmental factors in Limousin, France","volume":"309","author":"Boum\u00e9di\u00e8ne","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327113493299","article-title":"The toxic chemistry of methyl bromide","volume":"33","author":"Bulathsinghala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3109\/17482960903278485","article-title":"A cluster of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in New Hampshire: a possible role for toxic cyanobacteria blooms","volume":"10","author":"Caller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Amyotroph. Lateral Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2018.04.010","article-title":"Reviewing the evidence for viruses as environmental risk factors for ALS: a new perspective","volume":"108","author":"Celeste","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0195","first-page":"1549","article-title":"Disappearance of ALS from Guam: implications for exogenous causes","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.04.003","article-title":"Movement disorder and neuromuscular change in zebrafish embryos after exposure to caffeine","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008965","article-title":"Onchocerca volvulus and epilepsy: a comprehensive review using the bradford hill criteria for causation","volume":"15","author":"Colebunders","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.6.956","article-title":"Cycad neurotoxins, consumption of flying foxes, and ALS-PDC disease in Guam","volume":"58","author":"Cox","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1823","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0245","article-title":"Dietary exposure to an environmental toxin triggers neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid deposits in the brain","volume":"283","author":"Cox","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.008","article-title":"Genetic polymorphisms in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: evidence for implication in detoxification pathways of environmental toxicants","volume":"116","author":"Dardiotis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2010.111","article-title":"The Bradford Hill criteria and zinc-induced anosmia: a causality analysis","volume":"136","author":"Davidson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2005.03.011","article-title":"Neuromotor deficits and mercury concentrations in rats exposed to methyl mercury and fish oil","volume":"27","author":"Day","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114308","article-title":"A case-control study of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"123","author":"Deapen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv325","article-title":"Use of the \u201cexposome\u201d in the practice of epidemiology: a primer on -omic technologies","volume":"184","author":"DeBord","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.143734","article-title":"A critical review of the epidemiological evidence of effects of air pollution on dementia, cognitive function and cognitive decline in adult population","volume":"757","author":"Delgado-Saborit","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20140059","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Japan","volume":"24","author":"Doi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.04.006","article-title":"Consequences of lead exposure, and it\u2019s emerging role as an epigenetic modifier in the aging brain","volume":"56","author":"Eid","year":"2016","journal-title":"NeuroToxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12982-015-0037-4","article-title":"Applying the Bradford Hill criteria in the 21st century: how data integration has changed causal inference in molecular epidemiology","volume":"12","author":"Fedak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg. Themes Epidemiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-020-02770-x","article-title":"Culprit or correlate? An application of the Bradford Hill criteria to Vitamin E acetate","volume":"94","author":"Feldman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.2174\/2211536606666170811151503","article-title":"Environment and neurodegenerative diseases: an update on miRNA Role","volume":"6","author":"Ferrante","year":"2017","journal-title":"MicroRNA"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17082882","article-title":"Environmental and occupational risk factors of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a population-based case-control study","volume":"17","author":"Filippini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"C","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(86)90116-5","article-title":"Neurodegenerative disorders of the western pacific: the search for mechanisms of pathogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Garruto","year":"1986","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb2015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-019-02112-3","article-title":"An assessment of temporal trends in mercury concentrations in fish","volume":"29","author":"Grieb","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1021\/cn500039b","article-title":"High resolution metabolite imaging in the hippocampus following neonatal exposure to the environmental toxin BMAA using ToF-SIMS","volume":"5","author":"Hanrieder","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2016-314495","article-title":"The changing picture of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: lessons from european registers","volume":"88","author":"Hardiman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0505","first-page":"181","article-title":"Risk factors for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"7","author":"Ingre","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2017.08.001","article-title":"Potential neurotoxicity of prenatal exposure to sevoflurane on offspring: Metabolomics investigation on neurodevelopment and underlying mechanism","volume":"62","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.11.020","article-title":"Animal models of BMAA neurotoxicity: a critical review","volume":"82","author":"Karamyan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2011.01.056","article-title":"Early hippocampal cell death, and late learning and memory deficits in rats exposed to the environmental toxin BMAA (\u03b2-N-methylamino-l-alanine) during the neonatal period","volume":"219","author":"Karlsson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfs241","article-title":"Neonatal exposure to the cyanobacterial toxin BMAA induces changes in protein expression and neurodegeneration in adult hippocampus","volume":"130","author":"Karlsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22041996","article-title":"An evidence-based systematic review of human knee post-traumatic osteoarthritis (Ptoa): timeline of clinical presentation and disease markers, comparison of knee joint ptoa models and early disease implications","volume":"22","author":"Khella","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrc.21052","article-title":"Animal models of brain maldevelopment induced by cycad plant genotoxins","volume":"99","author":"Kisby","year":"2013","journal-title":"Birth Defect Res. C Embryo Today Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.51.6.778","article-title":"Comparison of sporadic and familial disease amongst 580 cases of motor neuron disease","volume":"51","author":"Li","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1159\/000493386","article-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis descriptive epidemiology: the origin of geographic difference","volume":"52","author":"Logroscino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000730","article-title":"Epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an update of recent literature","volume":"32","author":"Longinetti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1159\/000355344","article-title":"Environmental and occupational risk factors for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a case-control study","volume":"14","author":"Malek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuro Degen. Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.3109\/17482961003610853","article-title":"The sex ratio in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a population based study","volume":"11","author":"Manjaly","year":"2010","journal-title":"Amyotroph. Lateral Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyw061","article-title":"Variation in worldwide incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a meta-analysis","author":"Marin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083406","article-title":"Dietary BMAA exposure in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cluster from Southern France","volume":"8","author":"Masseret","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0695","series-title":"In Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry","article-title":"Younger age of onset in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a result of pathogenic gene variants, rather than ascertainment bias [Article in Press]","author":"Mehta","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2013.01.025","article-title":"Pesticides and human chronic diseases: evidences, mechanisms, and perspectives","volume":"268","author":"Mostafalou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0730","unstructured":"National Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Registry\u2014Home. (2021, January 20). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/als\/Default.html"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-8-9","article-title":"Amyloid-like aggregates of neuronal tau induced by formaldehyde promote apoptosis of neuronal cells","volume":"8","author":"Nie","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0770","author":"Orphan Products: Hope for People With Rare Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20178","article-title":"Potential occupational risks for neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"48","author":"Park","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2016-103700","article-title":"Occupational exposures and the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"74","author":"Peters","year":"2017","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.2.239","article-title":"Incidence of ALS in Italy: evidence for a uniform frequency in Western countries","volume":"56","author":"Piemonte and Valle d'\u2019Aosta Register for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (PARALS)","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0815","first-page":"102","article-title":"Repeat study of antecedent events in motor neuron disease","volume":"13","author":"Pierce-Ruhland","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Res."},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.3109\/21678421.2013.778284","article-title":"Assessment of ALS mortality in a cohort of formaldehyde-exposed garment workers","volume":"14","author":"Pinkerton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Frontotemp. Degen."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf175","article-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia complex of guam: changing incidence rates during the past 60 years","volume":"157","author":"Plato","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0855","first-page":"129","article-title":"Embryonic exposure to the environmental neurotoxin BMAA negatively impacts early neuronal development and progression of neurodegeneration in the Sod1-G93R zebrafish model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"157","author":"Powers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0875","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2017.1418002","article-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and food intake","volume":"19","author":"Pupillo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Frontotemp. Degen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0880","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-020-00320-y","article-title":"Formaldehyde and brain disorders: a meta-analysis and bioinformatics approach","author":"Rana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurotox. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0885","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7613.25803","article-title":"Orphan diseases and drugs","volume":"38","author":"Randhawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J. Pharm."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb2005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-018-1550-2","article-title":"The increasing importance of environmental conditions in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"62","author":"Riancho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biometeorol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb2010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2004.12.012","article-title":"Historical neurotoxins: what we have learned from toxins of the past about diseases of the present","volume":"23","author":"Rusyniak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurol. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.53111","article-title":"A gut bacterial amyloid promotes a-synuclein aggregation and motor impairment in mice","volume":"9","author":"Sampson","year":"2020","journal-title":"ELife"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15112522","article-title":"Geographic analysis of motor neuron disease mortality and heavy metals released to rivers in Spain","volume":"15","author":"S\u00e1nchez-D\u00edaz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-010-5552-1","article-title":"Moritz heinrich romberg (1795-1873)","volume":"257","author":"Schiffter","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-019-9996-5","article-title":"Dose-dependent adult neurodegeneration in a rat model after neonatal exposure to \u03b2-N-Methylamino-l-Alanine","volume":"35","author":"Scott","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurotox. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0945","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2015.04.007","article-title":"Geographical modeling of exposure risk to cyanobacteria for epidemiological purposes","volume":"81","author":"Serrano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0950","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-020-10039-9","article-title":"Serum potassium and heart failure: association, causation, and clinical implications","volume":"26","author":"Sfairopoulos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart Fail. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb2020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.12.016","article-title":"An overview of worldwide and regional time trends in total mercury levels in human blood and breast milk from 1966 to 2015 and their associations with health effects","volume":"125","author":"Sharma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0955","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-007-8016-8","article-title":"Neurodegenerative diseases: neurotoxins as sufficient etiologic agents?","volume":"10","author":"Shaw","year":"2008","journal-title":"NeuroMolecular Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0965","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.208564","article-title":"The interaction of genetics and environmental toxicants in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: results from animal models","volume":"12","author":"Sher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0975","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2019.04.007","article-title":"ALS and environment: clues from spatial clustering?","volume":"175","author":"Spencer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb0990","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1080\/15287398909531306","article-title":"Mechanistic study on formaldehyde-induced hepatotoxicity","volume":"27","author":"Strubelt","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb1005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-1281(99)80018-X","article-title":"Motor neuron degeneration due to aluminium deposition in the spinal cord: a light microscopical study","volume":"101","author":"Tanridag","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Histochem."},{"issue":"7628","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb1015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20413","article-title":"Decoding ALS: from genes to mechanism","volume":"539","author":"Taylor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb1025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110292","article-title":"Metal(loid)s role in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: environmental, epidemiological, and genetic data","volume":"192","author":"Tesauro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb1035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-13-1","article-title":"Mapping amyotrophic lateral sclerosis lake risk factors across northern New England","volume":"13","author":"Torbick","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Health Geogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb1045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.129817","article-title":"Gut microbiota-mediated pesticide toxicity in humans: methodological issues and challenges in risk assessment of pesticides","volume":"271","author":"Utembe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb1065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1515\/REVEH.2009.24.3.231","article-title":"Risk of chronic low-dose selenium overexposure in humans: insights from epidemiology and biochemistry","volume":"24","author":"Vinceti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb1110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.05.026","article-title":"Quantitative measurement of neurodegeneration in an ALS-PDC model using MR microscopy","volume":"23","author":"Wilson","year":"2004","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb1135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-017-0087-3","article-title":"Environmental insults: Critical triggers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"6","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegen."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb1140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101186","article-title":"Environmental risk factors and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): a case-control study of ALS in Michigan","volume":"9","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb2030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.169561","article-title":"A comprehensive review of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"6","author":"Zarei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Surg. Neurol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb1150","article-title":"Neurodegenerative diseases among miners in Ontario, Canada, using a linked cohort","author":"Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504_bb1170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2016.05.004","article-title":"ALS: a bucket of genes, environment, metabolism and unknown ingredients","volume":"142","author":"Zufiria","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969721075823?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969721075823?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T03:22:04Z","timestamp":1762226524000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969721075823"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"references-count":94,"alternative-id":["S0048969721075823"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Systematic and state-of the science review of the role of environmental factors in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) or Lou Gehrig's Disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"152504"}}