{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T03:44:55Z","timestamp":1792899895079,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T11:13:37Z","timestamp":1660216417000},"page":"157978","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The influence of air pollution exposure on the short- and long-term health benefits associated with active mobility: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"850","author":[{"given":"Damian","family":"Chandia-Poblete","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Cole-Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Haswell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristiann C.","family":"Heesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1408698","article-title":"A study of the combined effects of physical activity and air pollution on mortality in elderly urban residents: the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Cohort","volume":"123","author":"Andersen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspecti."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-11-37","article-title":"The contribution of walking to work to adult physical activity levels: a cross sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Audrey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.06.019","article-title":"No exercise-induced increase in serum BDNF after cycling near a major traffic road","volume":"500","author":"Bos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2021.102224","article-title":"The climate change mitigation impacts of active travel: evidence from a longitudinal panel study in seven European cities","volume":"67","author":"Brand","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob. Environ. Chang."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2003.08.009","article-title":"Subgroup analyses in randomized trials: risks of subgroup-specific analyses: power and sample size for the interaction test","volume":"57","author":"Brookes","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0030","series-title":"Effects of Long-term Exposure to Traffic-related Air Pollution on Respiratory and Cardiovascular Mortality in the Netherlands: The NLCS-AIR Study","first-page":"73","volume":"5-71","author":"Brunekreef","year":"2009"},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9592","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1803222115","article-title":"Global estimates of mortality associated with long-term exposure to outdoor fine particulate matter","volume":"115","author":"Burnett","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0040","article-title":"Association between active commuting and incident cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mortality: prospective cohort study","volume":"357","author":"Celis-Morales","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(16)30021-4","article-title":"Levels of ambient air pollution according to mode of transport: a systematic review","volume":"2","author":"Cepeda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0050","first-page":"100084","article-title":"Traffic-related PM2. 5 exposure and its cardiovascular effects among healthy commuters in Taipei, Taiwan","volume":"7","author":"Chuang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ. X"},{"issue":"10082","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30505-6","article-title":"Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2015","volume":"389","author":"Cohen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-12-29","article-title":"Utility of an alternative bicycle commute route of lower proximity to motorised traffic in decreasing exposure to ultra-fine particles, respiratory symptoms and airway inflammation\u2013a structured exposure experiment","volume":"12","author":"Cole-Hunter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2015.66","article-title":"Impact of traffic-related air pollution on acute changes in cardiac autonomic modulation during rest and physical activity: a cross-over study","volume":"26","author":"Cole-Hunter","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.Expo.Sci.Environ.Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-018-0424-8","article-title":"Particulate matter exposure and health impacts of urban cyclists: a randomized crossover study","volume":"17","author":"Cole","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2006.03.012","article-title":"Adverse health effects of outdoor air pollutants","volume":"32","author":"Curtis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB","article-title":"International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity","volume":"35","author":"Craig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2010.04.012","article-title":"Short trips: an opportunity for reducing mobile-source emissions?","volume":"15","author":"de Nazelle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part D: Transp. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2020.106195","article-title":"Acute effects of short-term exposure to air pollution while being physically active, the potential for modification: a review of the literature","volume":"139","author":"DeFlorio-Barker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.11.014","article-title":"Particle deposition in the human lung: health implications of particulate matter from different sources","volume":"169","author":"Deng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-018-1023-0","article-title":"Active commuting and multiple health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Dinu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071079","article-title":"Does raising type 1 error rate improve power to detect interactions in linear regression models?A simulation study","volume":"8","author":"Durand","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP7402","article-title":"Interaction between long-term exposure to fine particulate matter and physical activity, and risk of cardiovascular disease and overall mortality in US women","volume":"128","author":"Elliott","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1307823","article-title":"Association between ambient air pollution and diabetes mellitus in Europe and North America: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"123","author":"Eze","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012556","article-title":"Association between active commuting and incident cardiovascular diseases in Chinese: a prospective cohort study","volume":"8","author":"Fan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201510-2036OC","article-title":"Physical activity, air pollution, and the risk of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"194","author":"Fisher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2009.09.025","article-title":"Carbonless footprints: promoting health and climate stabilization through active transportation","volume":"50","author":"Frank","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3935","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-021-00879-1","article-title":"Air pollution levels near crossroads with different traffic density and the estimation of health risk","volume":"43","author":"Godec","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Geochem. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-020-01570-5","article-title":"Does fine particulate matter (PM2.5) affect the benefits of habitual physical activity on lung function in adults: a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"18","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"issue":"4-5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2013.09.002","article-title":"Impact of personally measured pollutants on cardiac function","volume":"217","author":"Hampel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-9-64","article-title":"Subclinical responses in healthy cyclists briefly exposed to traffic-related air pollution: an intervention study","volume":"9","author":"Jacobs","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-12-14","article-title":"Cyclist route choice, traffic-related air pollution, and lung function: a scripted exposure study","volume":"12","author":"Jarjour","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-014-0132-x","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of reduction in all-cause mortality from walking and cycling and shape of dose response relationship","volume":"11","author":"Kelly","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0165","series-title":"Epidemiology and Biostatistics: Practice Problem Workbook","first-page":"37","article-title":"Effect modification","author":"Kestenbaum","year":"2019"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.013611","article-title":"Combined effects of physical activity and air pollution on cardiovascular disease: a population-based study","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487314555602","article-title":"Arterial blood pressure responses to short-term exposure to low and high traffic-related air pollution with and without moderate physical activity","volume":"22","author":"Kubesch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2014-102106","article-title":"Respiratory and inflammatory responses to short-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution with and without moderate physical activity","volume":"72","author":"Kubesch","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.009554","article-title":"Effects of leisure-time and transport-related physical activities on the risk of incident and recurrent myocardial infarction and interaction with traffic-related air pollution: a cohort study","volume":"7","author":"Kubesch","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-020-0405-1","article-title":"Ultrafine particles: unique physicochemical properties relevant to health and disease","volume":"52","author":"Kwon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112641","article-title":"Benefits of active commuting on cardiovascular health modified by ambient fine particulate matter in China: a prospective cohort study","volume":"224","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2015.01.003","article-title":"Effects of commuting mode on air pollution exposure and cardiovascular health among young adults in Taipei,Taiwan","volume":"218","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3959","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S265537","article-title":"Impact of commuting mode on obesity among a working population in Beijing, China: adjusting for air pollution","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab.Syndr.Obes.Targets Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.108647","article-title":"Cardio-respiratory health effects of exposure to traffic-related air pollutants while exercising outdoors: a systematic review","volume":"178","author":"Madureira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.10.011","article-title":"Acute respiratory response to traffic-related air pollution during physical activity performance","volume":"97","author":"Matt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-015-0049-0","article-title":"Repeated measures of inflammation, blood pressure, and heart rate variability associated with traffic exposures in healthy adults","volume":"14","author":"Mirowsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"6","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16020245","article-title":"Effects of cardiorespiratory exercise on cognition in older women exposed to air pollution","volume":"16","author":"Molina-Sotomayor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16050788","article-title":"Acute effects of air pollution and noise from road traffic in a panel of young healthy adults","volume":"16","author":"Moshammer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"10258","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30752-2","article-title":"Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","author":"Murray","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0250","first-page":"161","article-title":"Urban and transport planning, environmental exposures and health-new concepts, methods and tools to improve health in cities","volume":"15","author":"Nieuwenhuijsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099778","article-title":"Cycling and cardiovascular disease risk factors including body composition, blood lipids and cardiorespiratory fitness analyzed as continuous variables: part 2\u2014systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Nordengen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00195711","article-title":"Cycling to work in London and inhaled dose of black carbon","volume":"40","author":"Nwokoro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.08.096","article-title":"Comparison of particulate matter dose and acute heart rate variability response in cyclists, pedestrians, bus and train passengers","volume":"468\u2013469","author":"Nyhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0270","series-title":"Handbook for Conducting a Literature-Based Health Assessment Using OHAT Approach for Systematic Review and Evidence Integration","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-017-0212-x","article-title":"Respiratory outcomes of ultrafine particulate matter (UFPM) as a surrogate measure of near-roadway exposures among bicyclists","volume":"16","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00031112","article-title":"Chronic burden of near-roadway traffic pollution in 10 European cities (APHEKOM network)","volume":"42","author":"Perez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.23736\/S0026-4725.20.05182-8","article-title":"An overview of cycling as active transportation and as benefit for health","volume":"68","author":"Peruzzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Minerva Cardioangiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e318065c008","article-title":"Confounding in air pollution epidemiology: the broader context","volume":"18","author":"Pope","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2018.12.036","article-title":"Exercise and air pollutants exposure: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"218","author":"Qin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2631","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18052631","article-title":"Does physical activity modify the association between air pollution and recurrence of cardiovascular disease?","volume":"18","author":"Raza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-040912","article-title":"Air pollution, physical activity and ischaemic heart disease: a prospective cohort study of interaction effects","volume":"11","author":"Raza","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.575946","article-title":"The urban built environment, walking and mental health outcomes among older adults: a pilot study","volume":"8","author":"Roe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.05.278","article-title":"Proximate determinants of particulate matter (PM2.5) emission, mortality and life expectancy in Europe, Central Asia, Australia, Canada and the US","volume":"683","author":"Sarkodie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2014.10.015","article-title":"Shifting from car to active transport: a systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions","volume":"70","author":"Scheepers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transp. Res. A Policy Pract."},{"issue":"10118","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32643-0","volume":"391","author":"Sinharay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-8-25","article-title":"Air pollution and emergency department visits for cardiac and respiratory conditions: a multi-city time-series analysis","volume":"8","author":"Stieb","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyz184","article-title":"Benefits of physical activity not affected by air pollution: a prospective cohort study","volume":"49","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105954","article-title":"Air pollution, physical activity and health: a mapping review of the evidence","volume":"147","author":"Tainio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6887-x","article-title":"Association of commuting mode with dyslipidemia and its components after accounting for air pollution in the working population of Beijing,China","volume":"19","author":"Tao","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1080\/14034940601047986","article-title":"Study design, exposure variables, and socioeconomic determinants of participation in diet, cancer and health: a population-based prospective cohort study of 57,053 men and women in Denmark","volume":"35","author":"Tj\u00f8nneland","year":"2007","journal-title":"Scand.J.Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7562","article-title":"Personal exposure to ultrafine particles and oxidative DNA damage","volume":"113","author":"Vinzents","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1003321","article-title":"Traffic-related air pollution and acute changes in heart rate variability and respiratory function in urban cyclists","volume":"119","author":"Weichenthal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106698","article-title":"Commute patterns, residential traffic-related air pollution, and lung cancer risk in the prospective UK Biobank cohort study","volume":"155","author":"Wong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0370","series-title":"WHO global air quality guidelines: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2017.10.001","article-title":"Particulate matter air pollution, physical activity and systemic inflammation in Taiwanese adults","volume":"221","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-8-48","article-title":"Minute ventilation of cyclists, car and bus passengers: an experimental study","volume":"8","author":"Zuurbier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1003151","article-title":"In-traffic air pollution exposure and CC16, blood coagulation, and inflammation markers in healthy adults","volume":"119","author":"Zuurbier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3182093693","article-title":"Respiratory effects of commuters' exposure to air pollution in traffic","volume":"22","author":"Zuurbier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiology"}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S004896972205077X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S004896972205077X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T13:46:57Z","timestamp":1786369617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S004896972205077X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"references-count":77,"alternative-id":["S004896972205077X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The influence of air pollution exposure on the short- and long-term health benefits associated with active mobility: A systematic review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157978","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"157978"}}