{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T03:48:03Z","timestamp":1788234483442,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01ES030365"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES030365"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21ES027044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21ES027044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007854","name":"School of Dentistry, Nihon University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007854","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012016","name":"Institut National de Sant\u00e9 Publique du Qu\u00e9bec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012727","name":"Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012727","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOP-81285"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP-81285"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T21:10:16Z","timestamp":1675890616000},"page":"161149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Fluoride exposure and hypothyroidism in a Canadian pregnancy cohort"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"869","author":[{"given":"Meaghan","family":"Hall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Lanphear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Chevrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rick","family":"Hornung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rivka","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carly","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Ayotte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esperanza Angeles","family":"Martinez-Mier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Thomas","family":"Zoeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Till","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1159\/000350513","article-title":"Low birth weight in children born to mothers with hyperthyroidism and high birth weight in hypothyroidism, whereas preterm birth is common in both conditions: a Danish national hospital register study","volume":"2","author":"Andersen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Thyroid J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-02171","article-title":"Maternal thyroid function in early pregnancy and neuropsychological performance of the child at 5 years of age","volume":"103","author":"Andersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12061","article-title":"Cohort profile: the maternal-infant research on environmental chemicals research platform","volume":"27","author":"Arbuckle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2013.02.076","article-title":"Investigation on the role of spirulina platensis in ameliorating behavioural changes, thyroid dysfunction and oxidative stress in offspring of pregnant rats exposed to fluoride","volume":"140","author":"Banji","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2017-209129","article-title":"Fluoride exposure and indicators of thyroid functioning in the Canadian population: implications for community water fluoridation","volume":"71","author":"Barberio","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Community Health"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-011-9137-3","article-title":"Fluoride toxicity and status of serum thyroid hormones, brain histopathology, and learning memory in rats: a multigenerational assessment","volume":"144","author":"Basha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP655","article-title":"Prenatal fluoride exposure and cognitive outcomes in children at 4 and 6\u201312 years of age in Mexico","volume":"125","author":"Bashash","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Health. Perspect."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2038","article-title":"National status of testing for hypothyroidism during pregnancy and postpartum","volume":"97","author":"Blatt","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2017.303923","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in hydration status among US adults and the role of tap water and other beverage intake","volume":"107","author":"Brooks","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-020-02664-y","article-title":"Evaluation of potential sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) inhibitors using a secondary fischer rat thyroid follicular cell (FRTL-5) radioactive iodide uptake (RAIU) assay","volume":"94","author":"Buckalew","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0055","series-title":"Fluoride And the Oral Environment","first-page":"20","article-title":"Fluoride intake, metabolism and toxicity","author":"Buzalaf","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1159\/000511699","article-title":"Association of dietary fluoride intake and diet variables with dental caries in adolescents from the element cohort study","volume":"55","author":"Cantoral","year":"2021","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1606205","article-title":"Treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroxinemia in pregnancy","volume":"376","author":"Casey","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdr.IJDR_505_16","article-title":"A systematic analysis on possibility of water fluoridation causing hypothyroidism","volume":"29","author":"Chaitanya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2017.00163","article-title":"Thyroid allostasis-adaptive responses of thyrotropic feedback control to conditions of strain, stress, and developmental programming","volume":"8","author":"Chatzitomaris","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/426427","article-title":"Maternal thyroid function during the second half of pregnancy and child neurodevelopment at 6, 12, 24, and 60 months of age","volume":"2011","author":"Chevrier","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Thyroid. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13412","article-title":"Maternal thyroid function, prepregnancy obesity and gestational weight gain \u2013 the generation R study: a prospective cohort study","volume":"87","author":"Collares","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0090","series-title":"About fluoride","year":"2019"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.10931","article-title":"Association of thyroid function test abnormalities and thyroid autorimmunity with preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"322","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7761","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)91370-0","article-title":"Fluoride, water hardness, and endemic goitre","volume":"1","author":"Day","year":"1972","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8083","article-title":"Personal care product use predicts urinary concentrations of some phthalate monoesters","volume":"113","author":"Duty","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1982.tb00982.x","article-title":"Renal clearance of fluoride in a steady state condition in man: influence of urinary flow and pH changes by diet","volume":"50","author":"Ekstrand","year":"1982","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"issue":"Suppl_3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"U25","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.151u025","article-title":"Role of thyroid hormone during early brain development","volume":"151","author":"de Escobar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2920","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14142920","article-title":"Iodine status modifies the association between fluoride exposure in pregnancy and preschool boys' intelligence","volume":"14","author":"Goodman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.1729","article-title":"Association between maternal fluoride exposure during pregnancy and IQ scores in offspring in Canada","volume":"173","author":"Green","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s40471-020-00246-1","article-title":"Sex-specific neurotoxic effects of early-life exposure to fluoride: a review of the epidemiologic and animal literature","volume":"7","author":"Green","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Epidemiol. Rep."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.02110927","article-title":"Health effects assessment for environmental perchlorate contamination: the dose response for inhibition of thyroidal radioiodine uptake in humans","volume":"110","author":"Greer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199908193410801","article-title":"Maternal thyroid deficiency during pregnancy and subsequent neuropsychological development of the child","volume":"341","author":"Haddow","year":"1999","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1080\/1047322X.1990.10389587","article-title":"Estimation of average concentration in the presence of nondetectable values","volume":"5","author":"Hornung","year":"1990","journal-title":"Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-015-0479-0","article-title":"Effects of excess fluoride and iodide on thyroid function and morphology","volume":"170","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420340211","article-title":"Strain differences in response of Sprague-Dawley and Long Evans Hooded rats to the teratogen nitrofen","volume":"34","author":"Kang","year":"1986","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.21307\/ane-2017-061","article-title":"Developmental neurotoxicants and the vulnerable male brain: a systematic review of suspected neurotoxicants that disproportionally affect males","volume":"77","author":"Kern","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neurobiol. Exp."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-018-6501-1","article-title":"Dose-dependent effect of fluoride on clinical and subclinical indices of fluorosis in school going children and its mitigation by supply of safe drinking water for 5 years: an Indian study","volume":"190","author":"Khandare","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20696-4","article-title":"Impact of drinking water fluoride on human thyroid hormones: a case-control study","volume":"8","author":"Kheradpisheh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494821990284","article-title":"Public-health risks from tea drinking: fluoride exposure","volume":"50","author":"Krishnankutty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scand. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2022.100784","article-title":"Iodine status in a large Canadian pregnancy cohort","volume":"5","author":"Krzeczkowski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. MFM"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2019.11.014","article-title":"Prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity and effect of levothyroxine treatment in a cohort of 1064 patients with recurrent pregnancy loss","volume":"40","author":"Leduc-Robert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod. BioMed. Online"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2967","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00224","article-title":"Thyroid function in early pregnancy, child IQ, and autistic traits: a meta-analysis of individual participant data","volume":"103","author":"Levie","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2014.0052","article-title":"Thyroglobulin as a biomarker of iodine deficiency: a review","volume":"24","author":"Ma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.09.026","article-title":"Fluoride exposure and thyroid function among adults living in Canada: effect modification by iodine status","volume":"121","author":"Malin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-7325.2010.00173.x","article-title":"Differences in exposure and biological markers of fluoride among white and african american children","volume":"70","author":"Martinez-Mier","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Public Health Dent."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1159\/000321657","article-title":"Development of gold standard ion-selective electrode-based methods for fluoride analysis","volume":"45","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Mier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.285606","article-title":"Variation in rates of autoimmune thyroid disease by race\/ethnicity in US military personnel","volume":"311","author":"McLeod","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-018-9870-x","article-title":"An evaluation of neurotoxicity following fluoride exposure from gestational through adult ages in Long-Evans hooded rats","volume":"34","author":"McPherson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurotox. Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0225","first-page":"543","article-title":"The relation of maternal hypothyroidism and hypothyroxinemia during pregnancy on preterm birth: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Nasirkandy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Reprod. Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0230","series-title":"Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Scientific Review of EPA's Standards","first-page":"224","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105496","article-title":"A comprehensive analysis of racial disparities in chemical biomarker concentrations in United States women, 1999\u20132014","volume":"137","author":"Nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2014-204971","article-title":"Are fluoride levels in drinking water associated with hypothyroidism prevalence in England? A large observational study of GP practice data and fluoride levels in drinking water","volume":"69","author":"Peckham","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Community Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1717073","article-title":"Maternal hypothyroidism increases the risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in the offspring","volume":"38","author":"Peltier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Perinatol."},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0260","article-title":"Association of water fluoride and urinary fluoride concentrations with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Canadian youth","volume":"133","author":"Riddell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6203","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18126203","article-title":"Urinary fluoride levels among canadians with and without community water fluoridation","volume":"18","author":"Riddell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-013-2755-z","article-title":"Six persistent research misconceptions","volume":"29","author":"Rothman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1530\/ETJ-21-0001","article-title":"Does foetal gender influence maternal thyroid parameters in pregnancy?","volume":"11","author":"Sitoris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Thyroid J."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2012.171","article-title":"Thyroid disorders in pregnancy","volume":"8","author":"Stagnaro-Green","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2011.0087","article-title":"Guidelines of the American thyroid association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and postpartum","volume":"21","author":"Stagnaro-Green","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0290","first-page":"98","article-title":"Excess fluoride ingestion and thyroid hormone derangements in children living in Delhi,India","volume":"38","author":"Susheela","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fluoride"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP3546","article-title":"Community water fluoridation and urinary fluoride concentrations in a national sample of pregnant women in Canada","volume":"126","author":"Till","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031034","article-title":"Mediation analysis allowing for exposure-mediator interactions and causal interpretation: theoretical assumptions and implementation with SAS and SPSS macros","volume":"18","author":"Valeri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.4158\/EP-2018-0348","article-title":"Maternal thyroid-stimulating hormone level in the first trimester and sex ratio at birth","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105229","article-title":"Thyroid function, intelligence, and low-moderate fluoride exposure among chinese school-age children","volume":"134","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"1086","key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0320","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fluoride exposure induces inhibition of sodium\/iodide symporter (NIS) contributing to impaired iodine absorption and iodine deficiency: molecular mechanisms of inhibition and implications for public health","volume":"16","author":"Waugh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2014.06.012","article-title":"Associations between perfluoroalkyl acids (PFASs) and maternal thyroid hormones in early pregnancy: a population-based cohort study","volume":"133","author":"Webster","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Res."}],"container-title":["Science of The Total Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969722082523?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0048969722082523?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T17:06:26Z","timestamp":1785431186000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0048969722082523"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":62,"alternative-id":["S0048969722082523"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149","relation":{},"ISSN":["0048-9697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0048-9697","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Fluoride exposure and hypothyroidism in a Canadian pregnancy cohort","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Science of The Total Environment","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161149","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"161149"}}